Masifunde ngakumbi ngomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Masithethe ngawo ngaphandle koloyiko!

Molo! Unjani? Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesifo esibalulekileyo kubafazi abaninzi, kwaye nangona sinokuvakala sisoyikisa xa usiva igama laso, sinokulawulwa kwaye sinyangeke kakhulu ukuba sifunyenwe kwangethuba. Lowo ngumhlaza womlomo wesibeleko, okanye njengoko abanye besibiza ngokuba yi -`(Cervical Cancer)` . Kuqhelekile ukuba wothuke kancinci xa usiva eli gama, kodwa ukuba siliqonda kakuhle, akukho nto yokoyika ngokungeyomfuneko. Kuba ulwazi lunamandla amakhulu, akunjalo? Ngoko masibone ukuba yintoni, ikhula njani, zithini iimpawu, indlela yokuzikhusela, kunye nonyango.

Yintoni umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko?

Ngamafutshane, umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ngumhlaza okhula kwinxalenye esezantsi yesibeleko sakho, inxalenye edibana nelungu lobufazi, ebizwa ngokuba yi-cervix . Khumbula, oku akuyonto ikhula ngequbuliso, ngobusuku obunye. Uninzi lwexesha, iiseli eziphilileyo kwi-cervix ziyatshintsha kancinci ngokuhamba kweminyaka, zibe ziiseli 'ezingaphambi komhlaza' ngaphambi kokuba zibe ngumhlaza. Isizathu esiphambili sale nto yintsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yi-'HPV (Human Papillomavirus).' Le yintsholongwane edluliselwa ngesondo, oko kukuthi, intsholongwane esasazeka ngokunxibelelana ngokwesondo. Kodwa nantsi into ebalulekileyo. Ayinguye wonke umntu osuleleke yi-'HPV' intsholongwane eba nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Enyanisweni, kubantu abaninzi, le ntsholongwane iyaphela yodwa kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphandle konyango, njengoko inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba iyilwa nayo. Kodwa kwabanye abafazi, le ntsholongwane inokuhlala emizimbeni yabo kwaye ibangele utshintsho lweeseli ezikhankanyiweyo. Abo ngabantu abasengozini enkulu yokufumana umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Yiyo loo nto sisoloko sithi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nokuhlolwa rhoqo, njenge-Pap smear kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, uvavanyo lwe-HPV . Kwakhona, ukufumana i-HPV gonyo kunokunciphisa kakhulu lo mngcipheko. Khumbula, umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko sisifo esinyangekayo ngokupheleleyo ukuba sifunyenwe kwangethuba .

Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko?

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Nazi:

• IiSquamous Cell Carcinomas : Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo. Luqala kwiiseli ezithe tyaba kumphezulu wangaphandle wesibeleko. Malunga ne-80% ukuya kwi-90% yomhlaza wesibeleko lulolu hlobo.
• Ii-Adenocarcinomas : Ezi ntlobo zikhula kwiiseli ze-glandular ezijikeleze ulwelo lwangaphakathi lomlomo wesibeleko . Zimalunga ne-10% ukuya kwi-20% yomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko.

Ngamanye amaxesha umhlaza unokubakho njengomxube weentlobo zombini.

Zithini iimpawu zomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko? Ngaba unokubonwa kwangethuba?

Lo ngumbuzo obuzwa ngabantu abaninzi, kwaye yinto eyoyikisa abaninzi. Inyaniso kukuba, umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko usenokungabonakalisi zimpawu kwasekuqaleni kwawo.Kufana nokuba ikhula ngasese. Yiyo loo nto sisoloko sithi kubaluleke kangakanani ukuvavanywa ngexesha elifanelekileyo, ngamaxesha afanelekileyo. Iimpawu ziqala ukubonakala xa umhlaza ukhule kancinci, mhlawumbi ude usasazeke nakwizicwili ezingqongileyo.

Iimpawu ezinokubonakala kwizigaba zokuqala (njengeSigaba soku-1):

• Ukuphuma kwamanzi kwilungu lobufazi ngendlela engaqhelekanga: Kusenokuba kukho ukuphuma kwamanzi, mhlawumbi okunegazi elincinci, okuninzi, kwaye okunokuba nevumba elibi.
• Ukopha okungaqhelekanga:
• Ukopha emva kwesondo.
• Ukopha phakathi kwemijikelo emibini yokuya exesheni.
• Ukopha kwakhona emva kokuya exesheni (oko kukuthi, emva kokuba ixesha lenyanga liphelile ngokupheleleyo).
• Intlungu ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo: Usenokuba neentlungu ezintsha (i-dyspareunia) ezazingekho ngaphambili.

Kubalulekile: Ukuba unempawu enye okanye ezimbini kwezi akuthethi ukuba ngumhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Ezi zinto zinokwenzeka ngezinye izizathu ezilula. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unento efana nale, nceda ungoyiki okanye uzive uneentloni, kwaye ubone ugqirha ngoko nangoko ukuze akunike ingcebiso. Leyo yeyona nto ilungileyo onokuyenza.

Iimpawu ezinokwenzeka njengoko umhlaza usasazeka ngakumbi:

Ukuba umhlaza usasazeka ngaphaya komlomo wesibeleko, uye kwizicwili ezingqongileyo okanye kwezinye izitho zomzimba, iimpawu ezifana nezi zinokuvela:

• Ubunzima bokuchama, iintlungu, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha igazi emchameni.
• Utshintsho kwindlela yokuzila, ukuqhina okanye urhudo , iintlungu ngexesha lokuhamba kwamathumbu, okanye igazi kwindle (elivela kwi-rectum).
• Ukuhlala uziva udiniwe kakhulu kwaye udinwe kakhulu.
• Ukulahlekelwa ngumdla wokutya kunye nokunciphisa umzimba.
• Ukuziva ungaphilanga kakuhle kwaye ugula rhoqo.
• Intlungu engapheliyo yomqolo osezantsi okanye ukudumba kwemilenze.
• Intlungu yesinqe/yesisu.

Ukuba uneempawu ezinje, oko kuthetha ukuba imeko isenokuba yingozi kakhulu. Kungoko ke, kubalulekile ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Yintoni eyona nto ibangela umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko?

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, malunga ne-99% yomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ibangelwa kusulelo lwentsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yi-`HPV (Human Papillomavirus).`Kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-100 ze-HPV. Ayizizo zonke iintlobo ezibangela umhlaza. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi "ezinobungozi obukhulu" ezinokubangela umhlaza. Le ntsholongwane isasazeka kakhulu ngokunxibelelana ngokwesondo (ngokwesini, ngasese, okanye ngomlomo). Cinga ngayo, i-HPV yintsholongwane eqhelekileyo. Abantu abaninzi ababelana ngesondo baya kosulelwa yi-HPV ngaxa lithile ebomini babo, kodwa abazi nokuba bayazazi. Oku kungenxa yokuba amasosha omzimba wethu anokulwa nale ntsholongwane aze ayisuse. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha, ingakumbi iintlobo ze-HPV ezinobungozi obukhulu, aziphumi emzimbeni, kwaye zihlala kwiiseli zomlomo wesibeleko ixesha elide, zitshintsha kancinci ezo seli ngendlela engaqhelekanga, kwaye ekugqibeleni zikhule zibe ngumhlaza. Yiyo loo nto i-HPV gonyo ibalulekile. I-HPV gonyo inokukukhusela phantse kwi-90% yeentlobo ze-HPV ezidla ngokubangela umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Kwakhona, ukuba usulelo lwe-HPV okanye iimeko zangaphambi komhlaza zifunyanwa kwangethuba ngovavanyo oluqhelekileyo, unyango lunokuqaliswa ngaphambi kokuba umhlaza ukhule.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuba nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko?

Abanye abantu basenokungabi nazo naziphi na izinto ezibangela umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto eziyandisa le ngozi. Ezinye zezi zinto sinokuzilawula, kanti ezinye asinakuzilawula.

Izinto ezinobungozi esinokuzilawula:

• Imbali yovavanyo: Abo bangazivavanyi rhoqo iiPap basengozini enkulu yokuba nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko, njengoko uvavanyo lwePap lubonisa iiseli ezingaphambi komhlaza.
• Usulelo lwe-HPV: Usulelo oluneentlobo ze-HPV ezinobungozi kakhulu yeyona nto iphambili ebangela umngcipheko. Ukuzikhusela kwi-HPV kunokunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza womlomo wesibeleko.
• Imbali yesondo: Ukuba nesondo ngaphambi kokuba uneminyaka eli-18 ubudala nokuba namaqabane amaninzi esondo kwandisa umngcipheko wosulelo lwe-HPV.
• Ukutshaya: Ukutshaya icuba kwandisa kakhulu umngcipheko womhlaza womlomo wesibeleko.
• Usulelo lwe-HIV: Abafazi abosulelwe yi-HIV basengozini enkulu yokuba nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko kunabo bonke abantu.
• Ukuba nenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka: Xa inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ibuthathaka, amandla omzimba okulwa nosulelo ayancipha. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuba intsholongwane ye-HPV ihlale emzimbeni.

Izinto ezinobungozi esingenakuzilawula:

• `DES (diethylstilbestrol)`: Eli liyeza elanikwa abanye abafazi abakhulelweyo phakathi kowe-1938 nowe-1971 ukuthintela ukuphuphuma kwezisu. Ukuba umama wakho wathatha i-`DES` ngexesha lokukhulelwa, unokuba nomngcipheko okhulayo wokuba nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko.
• Imbali yosapho: Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho (umama, udadewenu) okhe waba nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko, nawe usenokuba nofuzo olubangela ukuba ube nesifo. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuqhelekanga.

Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ungakhula ixesha elingakanani ngasese?

Ngokwesiqhelo kuthatha iminyaka emi-3 ukuya kweyesi-7 ukuba utshintsho olungaqhelekanga kwiiseli zomlomo wesibeleko (iimeko ezingaphambi komhlaza) lukhule lube ngumhlaza.Ngamanye amaxesha kungathatha ixesha elide nangakumbi. Nangona eli nqanaba lomhlaza likhula kancinci, xa sele liba ngumhlaza opheleleyo, ukukhula kwalo kungakhawuleza. Yiyo loo nto sisithi ukuba wenza uvavanyo lwe-Pap rhoqo, amathuba akho okuba nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko aphantsi kakhulu. Kuba olu vavanyo lunokubamba iiseli ezingaphambi komhlaza ngaphambi kokuba zibe ngumhlaza.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho zomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko?

Ukufunyanwa nonyango lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko kwangethuba yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela iingxaki ezisongela ubomi. Ukuba umhlaza uyaqhubeka okanye unyango lulibaziseka, iingxaki ezifana nezi:

• Intlungu: Xa umhlaza usasazeka, ingakumbi xa uchaphazela imithambo-luvo, intlungu eqatha inokubakho.
• Utshintsho lwesinyi kunye namathumbu: Ukuba umhlaza usasazeka uye kwisinyi okanye emathunjini, iingxaki ezinje ngobunzima bokuchama kunye nokuqhinwa kwesisu zinokubakho.
• Ukonakala kwezintso: Ukuba umhlaza uvala umchamo, unokonakalisa izintso, ekugqibeleni ukhokelele ekungasebenzini kwezintso. Le yingxaki enkulu ebonwa kumhlaza oqhubele phambili.
• Amahlwili egazi: Xa unomhlaza, igazi liba "lityebile" kancinci, nto leyo eyonyusa umngcipheko wamahlwili egazi.
• Ukopha: Ukuba umhlaza usasazeka uye kwilungu lobufazi, i-rectum, okanye i-bladder, ukopha kusenokuvela kuloo malungu omzimba.
• Iziphumo ekuzaleni okanye ekukhulelweni: Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lonyango (umz., ukususwa kwesibeleko), amandla okuba nabantwana anokulahleka. Ukuba inxalenye yomlomo wesibeleko isusiwe ngotyando, umngcipheko wokuphuphuma kwesisu kwixesha elizayo lokukhulelwa unokwanda.
• Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango lomhlaza: Unyango lwe-chemotherapy kunye nonyango lwe-radiation zinokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezifana nokucaphuka, ukuhlanza, ukudinwa, ukulahleka kweenwele, kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle ngokwesondo.

Ezi zisenokuvakala zisoyikisa, kodwa khumbula, uninzi lwezi ngxaki zinokuthintelwa ukuba umhlaza uchongiwe kwangethuba kwaye unyango luqala.

Ufunyaniswa njani umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko?

Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko uhlala ukhula kancinci kwiminyaka emininzi. Iiseli eziphilileyo zikhula zibe ziiseli ezingaqhelekanga (iiseli ezingaphambi komhlaza) emva koko zibe ziiseli zomhlaza. Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko uhlala ufunyanwa ngokuhlolwa rhoqo komhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Injongo ephambili yezi mvavanyo kukubona utshintsho olungaqhelekanga kwiiseli zomlomo wesibeleko ngaphambi kokuba zibe ngumhlaza.

• Uvavanyo lwePap (Uvavanyo lwePap / iPap smear): Oku kuquka ukuthatha iiseli ezimbalwa kumphezulu wesibeleko, ukuzihlola phantsi kwemakroskopu, kunye nokujonga naziphi na iziphene okanye iimpawu zangaphambi komhlaza.
• Uvavanyo lwe-HPV: Ngamanye amaxesha, kunye novavanyo lwe-Pap, okanye ukuba uvavanyo lwe-Pap aluqhelekanga, iiseli zomlomo wesibeleko nazo ziyavavanywa ukuze zifumane intsholongwane ye-HPV enobungozi obukhulu.

Ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo lwakho lwePap "aziqhelekanga," ungakhathazeki. Oko akuthethi ukuba unomhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, unokufuna olunye uvavanyo.

Uvavanyo lokuqinisekisa umhlaza:

Ukuba i-Pap smear ayiqhelekanga, ugqirha uza kukuthumela kwezinye iimvavanyo.

• I-Colposcopy: Oku kuquka ukusebenzisa isixhobo esikhethekileyo (i-colposcope) ukukhulisa umlomo wesibeleko kunye nokuchonga ngokucacileyo naziphi na iiseli ezingaqhelekanga.
• I-Biopsy: Ukuba kubonwa indawo ekrokrisayo ngexesha le-colposcopy, kuthathwa iqhekeza elincinci lesicubu lize lithunyelwe kwilebhu ukuze kuhlolwe iiseli zomhlaza. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwenza le biopsy:
• `I-biopsy eyoyikisayo`: Kusetyenziswa isixhobo esincinci ukususa isiqwenga sethishu esikrokrelekayo.
• Ukususwa kwe-Endocervical curettage (ECC): Iiseli zikhuhlwa ngaphakathi komjelo womlomo wesibeleko.
• Inkqubo yokususa izicubu nge-electrosurgical excision (LEEP): I-wire loop yombane isetyenziselwa ukususa izicwili ezingaqhelekanga. Ngamanye amaxesha oku kusetyenziswa njengonyango.
• `I-Cone biopsy (conization):` Isiqwenga sethishu esinomfanekiso wekhowuni, esikhulu kancinci siyasuswa emlonyeni wesibeleko. Oku kusetyenziswa kokubini ekuxilongweni nasekwelapheni.

Ukuba iziphumo ze-biopsy ziqinisekisa ukuba unomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko, inyathelo elilandelayo kukufumanisa ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani (usususwe kwi-metastasized). Oku kunokubandakanya iimvavanyo ezifana nezi:

• Uvavanyo lokujonga ukusebenza kwesibindi kunye nezintso.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi nomchamo.
• Ii-X-ray zesinyi, i-rectum, amathumbu kunye nemiphunga.
• "Iiskeni ze-CT (Computed Tomography)".
• ``I-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) iskena''.

Ugqirha umisela inqanaba lomhlaza ngokusekelwe kulwazi olufunyenwe kwezi mvavanyo.

Zithini izigaba zomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko?

Inqanaba lomhlaza lixhomekeke ekubeni umhlaza mkhulu kangakanani kwaye usasazeke kangakanani. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ekucwangciseni unyango. Kukho izigaba ezine eziphambili zomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko (iSigaba soku-1 ukuya kwiSigaba sesi-4).

• Inqanaba lokuQala: Umhlaza uphelela emlonyeni wesibeleko. Awukasasazeki kwizicubu ezinzulu zomlomo wesibeleko.
• Inqanaba lesiBini: Umhlaza usasazeke ngaphaya komlomo wesibeleko kunye nesibeleko, kodwa awusasazeki eludongeni lwe-pelvic okanye kwinxalenye esezantsi yelungu lobufazi.
• Inqanaba lesi-3: Umhlaza usasazeke uye kufikelela kwinxalenye esezantsi yesini. Usenokuba usasazeke nakuludongeni lwe-pelvic, kwi-ureters, nakwii-lymph nodes ezikufutshane.
• Inqanaba lesi-4: Umhlaza usasazeke kwisinyi, kwi-rectum, okanye kwizitho ezikude ezifana namathambo nemiphunga.

Ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela ngokweenkcukacha ukuba inqanaba lomhlaza wakho lithini kwaye lithetha ukuthini.

Unyangwa njani umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko?

Unyango lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko luxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Inqanaba lomhlaza, ubudala bakho, impilo yakho ngokubanzi, kunye nokuba unethemba lokuba nabantwana kwixesha elizayo ziyaqwalaselwa. Iindlela eziphambili zonyango zezi:

• Utyando
• Unyango lweMisebe
• Unyango ngamakhemikhali
• Unyango olujoliswe kulo
• Unyango lwe-immunotherapy

Ngamanye amaxesha olunye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi ndlela zonyango zisetyenziswa kunye.

Utyando:

Kwimihlaza yasekuqaleni, ziiseli zomhlaza kuphela ezinokususwa.

• Utyando lweLaser: Imitha yeLaser isetyenziselwa ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza.
• Utyando lweCryosurgery: Lusebenzisa umkhuhlane omkhulu ukuze luqandiswe kwaye lutshabalalise iiseli zomhlaza.
• `I-Cone biopsy` okanye `LEEP`: Ezi zisetyenziselwa ukuxilonga kunye nokususa umhlaza omncinci kakhulu, ongaphezulu.
• Utyando lweTrachelectomy: Oku kuquka ukususwa komlomo wesibeleko kunye nenxalenye engentla yesini, kodwa kushiyeke isibeleko siphelele. Oku ngamanye amaxesha kwenziwa kubafazi abancinci abakhulelweyo.
• Ukususwa ngokupheleleyo kwesibeleko kunye nomlomo wesibeleko.
• Ukukhupha isisu esiswini: Olu lutyando olukhulu. Isibeleko, umlomo wesibeleko, isinyi, ibhinqa, i-rectum, kunye nenxalenye ye-colon ziyasuswa, kuxhomekeke ekubeni umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani. Oku kwenziwa kuphela ukuba umhlaza ubuyile okanye usasazeke kakhulu.

Unyango lweMisebe:

Imitha enamandla aphezulu isetyenziselwa ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza.

• Unyango lweMisebe yangaphandle (i-EBRT): Umatshini ongaphandle komzimba ukhokela imisebe kwindawo yomhlaza.
• I-Brachytherapy: Izinto ezisebenzisa i-radioactive zifakwa ngaphakathi okanye kufutshane kakhulu nethumba.

Unyango ngamakhemikhali:

Amayeza okubulala umhlaza (amayeza e-chemo) anikwa ngemithambo yegazi (ngokujova) okanye njengeepilisi. La mayeza angena egazini aze ahambe emzimbeni wonke ukuze abulale iiseli zomhlaza. I-Chemotherapy idla ngokunikezelwa ngemijikelo. Ngamanye amaxesha unyango lwe-radiation kunye ne-chemotherapy zinikwa kunye (i-chemoradiation) ukunciphisa umhlaza ngaphambi kotyando, okanye ukubulala naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo emva kotyando.

Unyango olujoliswe kulo:

La mayeza enzelwe ukujolisa nokutshabalalisa iiproteni ezithile ezinceda iiseli zomhlaza zikhule kwaye zisasazeke, ngaphandle kokulimaza iiseli ezisempilweni.

Unyango lwe-immunotherapy:

Oku kuquka ukuvuselela amasosha omzimba wakho ukuze aqaphele kwaye ahlasele iiseli zomhlaza. Iqela lakho lezonyango liya kugqiba ngesicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo kuwe. Unokufumana ithuba lokuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi oluvavanya unyango olutsha.

Ngaba umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko unganyangeka ngokupheleleyo?

Ewe! Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ngumhlaza onezinga eliphezulu lokuphiliswa, ingakumbi ukuba ufunyenwe kwangethuba. Oogqirha basebenzisa igama elithi ``remission`` endaweni yelithi ``treated``. Oku kuthetha ukuba iiseli zomhlaza emzimbeni zilawulwa kangangokuba azisekho. Nangona kunjalo, zisenokubuya. Yiyo loo nto kufuneka uqhubeke nokuhlolwa rhoqo. Kwinqanaba loku-1 lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko, utyando ludla ngokuba lolona nyango lokuqala. I-Chemotherapy isenokungabi yimfuneko. Kodwa oko kuxhomekeke kwezinye izinto ezininzi. Nangona kunzima ukufumana unyango olupheleleyo kwisigaba sesi-4 , kunokwenzeka ukuba ungene kwi-``remission``, oko kuthetha ukuba isifo sinokulawulwa. Kweli nqanaba, unyango (imitha, i-chemo, unyango olujoliswe kuyo) lusanikwa ukwandisa ubomi kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi.

Ngaba umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ungathintelwa?

Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba, ewe, umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko unokuthintelwa kakhulu! Kukho izinto ezimbalwa onokuzenza:

• Fumana ugonyo lwe-HPV: Fumana ugonyo lwe-HPV xa uneminyaka efanelekileyo (ngesiqhelo uneminyaka eyi-9-26, ngamanye amaxesha ukuya kuthi ga kwi-45 ngengcebiso kagqirha). Olu lolona khuselo luphambili.
• Fumana uvavanyo lwePap, kwaye ukuba kuyimfuneko, uvavanyo lweHPV rhoqo: Ukuqala emva kweminyaka engama-21 (okanye iminyaka emi-3 emva kokuba sele uqalise ukwabelana ngesondo), fumana olu vavanyo ngamaxesha acetyiswayo ngugqirha wakho.
• Isondo esikhuselekileyo: Ukusebenzisa iindlela zokuthintela ezifana neekhondom ngexesha lesondo kunokukukhusela kwizifo ezidluliselwa ngesondo, kuquka i-HPV. Nciphisa inani lamaqabane esondo.
• Kuphephe ukutshaya: Ukuba uyatshaya, yeka. Kwabo bangatshayiyo, musa ukutshaya.

Lithini ithemba lomhlaza wesibeleko?

Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko sisifo esibi kakhulu, kodwa njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, unokunyangeka kakhulu, ingakumbi ukuba ufunyenwe kwangethuba. Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive ulusizi, usoyika, kwaye unomsindo xa ufumanisa ukuba unomhlaza. Fumana uncedo lokujongana nezi mvakalelo. Thetha nosapho lwakho kunye nabahlobo. Ukujoyina iqela lenkxaso yomhlaza nako kunokuba luncedo kakhulu. Nokuba emva kokuba unyango luphelile, ugqirha wakho uya kuqhubeka ekujonga ukuze abone ukuba umhlaza uyabuya na. Nokuba ungena kwimeko yokuphumla, kuqhelekile ukuba noloyiko oluqhubekayo lokuba umhlaza uza kubuya. Licebo elihle ukuthetha nomcebisi, umntu omthandayo, okanye ugqirha wakho ngale nto. Ngokwezibalo ezivela kwiNational Cancer Institute, amazinga okusinda kweminyaka emihlanu ngala alandelayo:

• Ukuba umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko awukasasazeka (ufumaneka kwindawo ethile): 91%
• Ukuba isasazeke kwizicubu ezikufutshane (zengingqi): 60%
• Ukuba isasazeke yaya kumalungu akude (akude): 19%

Kodwa khumbula, ezi ziinkcukacha-manani nje.Akunakwenzeka ukutsho ngokuthe ngqo ukuba kuza kwenzeka ntoni kuwe kwezi zinto. Ngugqirha wakho kuphela onokukunika ulwazi oluchanekileyo malunga nemeko yakho kunye namathuba akho okuchacha.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba uneempawu ezingaqhelekanga esizixubushileyo ngaphambili (ukopha okungaqhelekanga, ukuphuma kwegazi okungaqhelekanga, iintlungu ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo), bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza. Kwakhona, ukuba awukhumbuli ukuba wagqibela nini ukwenza i-Pap smear, thetha nogqirha wakho ngaloo nto kwaye uqale ukuvavanywa rhoqo. Kuqhelekile ukuba imibuzo emininzi ifike engqondweni yakho xa ufunyaniswa ukuba unomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. "Yeyiphi eyona ndlela ilungileyo yonyango kum?" "Ngaba umhlaza uza kubuya?" Xoxa ngayo yonke le mibuzo kunye neenkxalabo neqela lakho lezonyango.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Kaloku, sithethe kakhulu namhlanje, akunjalo? Kuqhelekile ukuba noloyiko xa ufunda ngomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Kodwa, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba sisifo esinokuthintelwa kakhulu, kwaye ukuba sifunyenwe kwangethuba, sinokunyangwa ngokupheleleyo.

Khumbula:

* Fumana ugonyo lwe-HPV (ukuba uyafaneleka)

* Yenza uvavanyo lwakho lwePap kunye novavanyo lweHPV ngexesha. Le yeyona nto ilungileyo onokuyenza. Musa ukuba neentloni okanye ukulibazisa.

* Ukuba uneempawu ezingaqhelekanga (ukopha okungaqhelekanga, ukuphuma kwegazi okunevumba elingaqhelekanga, intlungu ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo), bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.

* Kuphephe ukutshaya.

* Ziqhelise ngesondo elikhuselekileyo.

Impilo yakho isezandleni zakho. Siyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luza kukunceda. Ukuba uneminye imibuzo, ungathandabuzi ukubuza ugqirha wakho. Hlala usempilweni!