Masiqaphele izinto ezimbi ezinokwenzeka ukuba ushukumisa umntwana wakho omncinci! (Shaken Baby Syndrome)?

Xa sinomntwana ekhaya, sinovuyo olukhulu kunye noxanduva, akunjalo? Ngamanye amaxesha, xa umntwana ekhala rhoqo, sinamathuba amaninzi okwenza impazamo encinci ngenxa yoxinzelelo nomsindo oza engqondweni yethu singaqondanga. Ngamaxesha anjalo, kukho into eyingozi ekungafanele yenziwe nangasiphi na isizathu , kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ngenxa yokungazi, oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-'Shaken Baby Syndrome'. Makhe sithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha namhlanje, kuba le yinto ekufuneka wonke umama, utata, kunye nabo bonke abanyamekela umntwana bayazi.

Yintoni kanye kanye 'iShaken Baby Syndrome'?

Ngamafutshane, oku kubhekisa kumonakalo onokwenzeka engqondweni xa usana okanye umntwana omncinci eshukunyiswa ngamandla . Cinga ngako, intloko yosana inkulu kancinci kwaye inzima xa ithelekiswa nomzimba wonke. Imisipha yentamo yabo ayikaqini ngokwaneleyo. Ngoko ke ukuba umntu ushukumisa umntwana ngamandla, ingqondo yosana iyagxumagxuma ngaphakathi entloko. Kufana namanzi ashukunyiswa ngaphakathi kwekhokhonathi. Oku kunokubangela ukudumba, ukukrweleka, kunye nokopha ngaphakathi kwengqondo. Ngamanye amaxesha le meko inokonakalisa amehlo omntwana, intamo, kunye nomqolo. Elinye igama lale nto yi-'Abusive Head Trauma'. Lithetha ukwenzakala okunobundlobongela entloko.

Kutheni oku kusenzeka apha emhlabeni?

Oku kwenzeka rhoqo kuba umama womntwana, utata, okanye omnye umntu onyamekela umntwana uyacaphuka okanye unomsindo xa umntwana ekhala. Banokucinga ukuba ukumshukumisa umntwana kuya kuyeka ukukhala. Ngamanye amaxesha, umntu onyamekela umntwana unokuba phantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu. Emva koko abakwazi ukuthwala uxanduva lokunyamekela umntwana. Abanye abantu abaqondi nokuba ukumshukumisa umntwana kuyingozi kangaka.

Kodwa into enye ekufuneka uyikhumbule. Kuqhelekile ukuba iintsana zikhale. Ngamanye amaxesha zisoloko zikhala nokuba wenza ntoni na. Nangona kunjalo, isisombululo kukuba ungaze ushukumise, ubethe, okanye uphose umntwana. Kwanokushukumisa umntwana ixesha elifutshane, njengemizuzwana emi-5, kunokubangela umonakalo omkhulu. Kunokubangela umonakalo engqondweni, ukukhubazeka okungapheliyo, kwanokufa.

Ngubani ochaphazeleka kakhulu yile meko?

Le 'shaken baby syndrome' inokwenzeka nakubani na. Uninzi lwexesha, umntwana ushukunyiswa ngumntu onolwalamano oluthe ngqo nomntwana (umama, utata) okanye umntu onolwalamano olungathanga ngqo (umgcini womntwana, elinye ilungu losapho). Ayipheleli kulo naluphi na uhlanga, inqanaba lengeniso, okanye imvelaphi yosapho.

Iintsana ezingaphantsi konyaka omnye ubudala zisengozini enkulu yokuba nale meko. Iintsana eziphakathi kweenyanga ezi-2 nezi-8 ubudala zisengozini kakhulu. Nangona oku kudla ngokwenzeka kancinci kubantwana abaneminyaka engaphezu kwemi-2 ubudala, ngamanye amaxesha abantwana abaneminyaka emi-6 ubudala baye baphathwa ngolu hlobo lokuxhatshazwa.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko ngokwenene?

Ngokutsho kweZiko leSizwe leShaken Baby Syndrome, phakathi kwama-600 kunye nama-1,400 amatyala anjalo axelwa minyaka le eMelika kuphela. Kuthiwa le yeyona nto iphambili ebangela ukufa ngenxa yokuxhatshazwa kwabantwana phakathi kwabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 eMelika. Amatyala anjalo axelwa naseSri Lanka, kodwa uninzi lwexesha awafumaneki.

Khawucinge nje, ukushukumisa umntwana omncinci kakhulu kunokubangela ukopha okukhulu engqondweni. Le yinto enokubachaphazela ubomi babo bonke.

Oku kuyichaphazela njani umntwana? Ingaba yintoni ingozi enokubangela oku?

I-Shaken baby syndrome inokubangela iingxaki zempilo ezinzulu kakhulu kumntwana. Makhe sijonge ukuba yintoni eyenzekayo kakhulu.

Umonakalo wobuchopho

• I-subdural hematoma: Le yingqokelela yegazi phakathi komphezulu wengqondo yomntwana kunye ne-membrane eqinileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-dura ejikeleze ingqondo. Xa umntwana eshukunyiswa, imithambo yegazi emincinci esuka ebuchotsheni iye kule dura inokwelulwa ize iqhekeke, nto leyo ebangela ukopha.
• Ukopha kwegazi kwi-Subarachnoid: Oku kuxa ukopha kwenzeka phakathi kwengqondo yomntwana kunye ne-membrane efana ne-spider-web (i-arachnoid) ejikeleze ingqondo.
• Ukonzakala kwengqondo ngqo: Oku kunokwenzeka xa ingqondo yomntwana ibethwa kakhulu ngaphakathi entlokweni.
• Ukonakala kwengqondo: Ukuba umntwana uyeka ukuphefumla ngelixa eshukunyiswa, ingqondo inokuphelelwa yioksijini kwaye yonakale engqondweni.
• Ukonakala kweeseli zobuchopho: Iikhemikhali zikhutshwa kwiiseli zemithambo-luvo ezonakeleyo, nto leyo enciphisa ngakumbi umlinganiselo weoksijini efikelela ebuchotsheni kwaye inokubangela ukuba iiseli zife.

Umonakalo emehlweni

• Ukopha kwegazi kwi-retina: Oku kukopha igazi emva kwe-retina emehlweni omntwana. Olu luphawu oluqhelekileyo lwe-shaking baby syndrome.

Ukwenzakala entanyeni, emgogodleni, nakwamanye amathambo

• Ukonakala kwentamo nomqolo: Imithambo-luvo ethambileyo entanyeni nasemgogodleni ingonakalisa.
• Ukwaphuka: Ikhakayi, iimbambo, ithambo lentamo, kwanamathambo eengalo nemilenze anokwaphuka.

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba iimpawu zibonakale?

Iimpawu ze-'Shaken Baby Syndrome' emva nje kokushukumisa umntwanaIimpawu ziqala ukubonakala. Ezi mpawu zihlala zifikelela esiphelweni phakathi kweeyure ezi-4 nezi-6 emva kokubonakaliswa. Ezinye iimpawu zinokuvela ngoko nangoko, kodwa ezinye zinokuvela kamva ebomini. Umzekelo, umntwana ojongene nolu hlobo lomothuko esengumntwana unokuba neengxaki zokuqwalasela kunye nokuziphatha njengoko ekhula.

Ziziphi iimpawu eziphambili zoku?

Ukuba umntwana wenzakele ngenxa yokushukunyiswa, unokufumana iimpawu eziqatha nezingalindelekanga ezifana nokulahlekelwa zingqondo, ukuxhuzula, kunye nokothuka. Ezinye iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Akancumi, akathethi, akahlebezi.
• Ukungazoli okukhulu, ukucaphuka.
• Ukuhlanza .
• Ukungabi namdla wokutya , ubunzima bokusela ubisi.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla.
• Ukudinwa kakhulu, ukozela, ukudinwa, kunye nokulala okungenakuvuswa.
• Ulusu olukhanyayo okanye oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
• Imivumbo kwiingalo nasesifubeni.
• Intloko ibonakala inkulu, ibunzi liphuma phambili.
• I-fontanelle , indawo ethambileyo ephezu kwentloko, idumbile kwaye ivuvukile.
• Ukungakwazi ukuphakamisa intloko.
• Abafundi ababanzi.
• Ukungakwazi ukujolisa amehlo kwindawo enye, ukungakwazi ukujonga nantoni na ehambayo.
• Iinyikima.
• Ukuba ungazi nto (coma).

Ingaba kunokwenzeka ukuba le meko ingaphawulwa kwaye ingaphawulwa?

Ewe, ngamanye amaxesha kusenokungabikho zimpawu zibonakalayo zokuxhatshazwa okanye ukwenzakala ngaphandle. Abanakekeli okanye oogqirha abangayaziyo into yokuba umntwana ushukunyiswe basenokungayiboni kwangoko ingozi eyenzekileyo ngaphakathi. Banokucinga ukuba unobangela wezi mpawu kumntwana yinto eyahlukileyo, njengomkhuhlane wentsholongwane. Yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kangaka ukuqaphela oku.

Yintoni kanye kanye ebangela oku?

I-Shaken baby syndrome yenzeka xa umntu eshukumisa usana okanye umntwana omncinci ngamandla nangokukhawuleza . Inokwenzeka naxa umntwana ebethelwa entloko, ephoswa, okanye ewiswa ngabom. Xa umntwana eshukunyiswa okanye ebethelwa, ingqondo yakhe ishukuma ngokukhawuleza ngaphakathi entloko.

Iingqondo zabantwana abancinci zithambile kakhulu. Imisipha yabo ibuthathaka. Imisipha entanyeni yabo ayikakhuli ngokupheleleyo. Ukongeza, iintloko zabo zinkulu kwaye zinzima xa zithelekiswa neminye imizimba yabo. Xa zishukunyiswa ngamandla, imithambo yegazi yomntwana, imithambo-luvo, kunye nezicubu ziyakrazuka. Oku kubangela ukuba ingqondo idumbe, ikruquke, kwaye yophe igazi.

Oku kwenzeka rhoqo xa umntwana ekhala rhoqo kwaye umnakekeli ekhathazekile kwaye enomsindo. Abakwazi ukulawula umsindo noxinzelelo lwabo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, umnakekeli akalimazi umntwana ngabom, kodwa olu luhlobo olubi kakhulu lokuxhatshazwa kwabantwana.

Ngaba oku kwenzeka ngokubamba umntwana ngobunono, umbambe edolweni lakho, uze umshukumise?

Hayi. I-Shaken baby syndrome luhlobo lokuxhatshazwa kwabantwana. Yenzeka xa umntu eshukumisa umntwana okanye umntwana omncinci ngogonyamelo nangokukhawuleza . Ayenzeki ngenxa yezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ngokubamba umntwana edolweni lakho uze umshukumise kancinci.
• Ngokuphakamisa umntwana kancinci aze aphinde ambambe (kodwa oku kufuneka kwenziwe ngononophelo).
• Ngokukhwela ibhayisekile nosana (usana lukwisihlalo esikhuselekileyo).
• Usana luwela esihlalweni ngengozi (oku nako kuyingozi, kodwa akubangeli i-SBS).
• Xa imoto ima ngequbuliso ngelixa iqhuba, xa idlula kwimingxuma endleleni.

Ezi zinto azikhuthazwa kuba zinokuba yingozi, kodwa azibangeli ukwenzakala okukhulu okubonwa kwi-'shaken baby syndrome'. Eyona nto iphambili kukuba i-SBS ibangelwa kukungcangcazela okunamandla, okukhawulezayo, nokungalawulekiyo.

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani le nto?

'I-Shaken Baby Syndrome' ngamanye amaxesha inokuba nzima ukuyixilonga. Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zoku:

• Oogqirha abasoloko beyazi yonke into, nokuba ukwenzakala komntwana kunxulumene nokungcangcazela okanye akunjalo.
• Oogqirha abanakuxelela iintsana nabantwana abancinci kakhulu ukuba yintoni ingxaki okanye apho ibuhlungu khona.
• Iimpawu ezininzi ze-shaking baby syndrome (ezifana nokungaphumli, ukuhlanza, kunye nokozela) zinokubonakala nakwezinye iimeko zonyango (ezifana nosulelo lwentsholongwane ).

Ngoko ke, ugqirha usebenzisa iimpawu ezibonakalayo kunye novavanyo ukuze afumanise imeko aze abone ukuba imbi kangakanani. Bakhangela igazi emehlweni omntwana, bajonge naziphi na iimpawu entlokweni, ezingalweni nasemilenzeni, baze bajonge nemivumbo ejikeleze intamo nesifuba.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo ukuze kufunyaniswe esi sifo?

Oogqirha banokusebenzisa uvavanyo oluthile lwemifanekiso ukuze bafumanise i-shaken baby syndrome. Olu vavanyo lunokubonisa ukuba umntwana uvuvukile, uphuma igazi, okanye waphukile ekhayeni okanye ezimbanjeni. Olu vavanyo luquka:

• Ii-X-reyi
• I-CT scan (i-computed tomography - ii-CT scans)
• Iiskeni ze-MRI (i-Magnetic resonance imaging – iiskeni ze -MRI )

Ugqirha womntwana wakho unokwenza uvavanyo lwamehlo ukujonga ukuba akukho gazi kwi-retina (i-retinal hemorrhages). Oku kukhupha igazi kunokwenzeka ngaphezulu, ngaphantsi, okanye ngaphakathi kwi-retina. Ukulimala kunokubangela ukuba iileya ze-retina yomntwana wakho zahlukane (i-retinoschisis). Into efana nejeli engaphakathi kweliso (i-vitreous) nayo ingazaliswa ligazi.

Iphathwa njani le nto?

Ukuba umntwana wakho uneempawu ze-shaking baby syndrome, funa uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza. Le asinto onokuyinyanga ekhaya.

Kwiimeko ezingembi kangako, umntwana unokufuna ukunikwa amayeza aze agcinwe esibhedlele.

Kwiimeko ezinzima ngakumbi, unyango olusindisa ubomi lunokufuneka. Ukuba umntwana unengxaki yokuphefumla, kusenokufuneka kufakwe ityhubhu yokuphefumla. Ugqirha wotyando unokufuna ukwenza utyando lokuthintela ukopha engqondweni yomntwana okanye ukunciphisa ukudumba.

Singayithintela njani into eyingozi kangaka?

Abazali okanye abanakekeli abashukumisa iintsana zabo badla ngokuthi kwenzeke xa umntwana ekhala kakhulu kangangokuba akakwazi ukuyeka. Kuqhelekile ukuba iintsana zikhale, kwaye kunokuba nzima kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ungayithintela le 'shaken baby syndrome' ngokuqonda iingozi zokushukumisa umntwana wakho nokufuna uncedo xa kuyimfuneko. Zama ezi zinto:

• Okokuqala, jonga ukuba umntwana akakhululekanga na. Jonga ukuba i-napkin icocekile na, ukuba ulambile, ukuba ubanda. Jonga ukuba kukho iimpawu zesifo ezifana nomkhuhlane, ukudumba, okanye ukuba kukho into ayivayo.
• Nje ukuba zonke iimfuno zomntwana wakho zifezekisiwe, faka ezinye izandi. Beka unomathotholo, cula ingoma, thetha nomntwana wakho. Abanye abantwana bathanda izandi zomatshini wokucoca i-vacuum, umatshini wokuhlamba impahla, isomisi seenwele, okanye ifeni.
• Nika umntwana ithoyizi kunye nesixhobo sokumthoba.
• Zama ukunika ubisi, kwaye ukuba unako ukulinika ngebhotile, linike.
• Mgqume umntwana, okanye umtyibilize kancinci.
• Hamba nomntwana wakho niye naye emotweni ixesha elifutshane (umntwana ekwisihlalo esikhuselekileyo).
• Faka umntwana kwi-stroller uze uhambe.
• Faka umntwana kwi-swing ngaphandle uze ukhwele.
• Ukuba uziva udiniwe kakhulu okanye unomsindo, cela omnye umntu (umhlobo, isalamane, ummelwane) ukuba akuncede unakekele umntwana okwethutyana. Akukho ntloni ukucela uncedo.
• Ukuba akukho mntu ukhoyo, beka umntwana kwindawo yakhe yokuzala aze aphume egumbini okwethutyana ukuze azole. Khumbula, iintsana aziyi kwenzakala xa zikhala, kodwa ukuba ziyashukunyiswa, ngokuqinisekileyo ziya kwenzakala.

Qinisekisa ukuba nabani na onyamekela umntwana wakho (abagcini babantwana, abagcini babantwana, abanye abanakekeli) uyazi ngengozi yokumshukumisa umntwana. Kubalulekile nokuba bazi ukuba benze ntoni kwaye bangayenzi ntoni ukuba baziva bexinezelekile ngelixa benyamekela umntwana wakho. Soloko ujonga imvelaphi yabanakekeli bakho ngononophelo. Ungaze unikezele umntwana wakho kumntu ongamthembiyo ngokupheleleyo.

Ithini imbono/ingxelo yokuqikelela imeko kule meko?

I-Shaken baby syndrome yimeko embi kakhulu. Imbonakalo iyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kubukhali bokwenzakala komntwana, kodwa ngokubanzi ayilunganga kangako.

Malunga nama-25% eentsana ziyafa ngenxa yokwenzakala. Ngokuqhelekileyo, unobangela wokufa ngulo:

• Ukudumba kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu ngaphakathi kwentloko nengqondo yomntwana.
• Ukopha ngaphakathi kwengqondo yomntwana.
• Ukukrazuka kwezicubu zengqondo zomntwana.

Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-80% yabasindileyo banokuba neengxaki ezinkulu zempilo, umonakalo omkhulu wemithambo-luvo, kunye nokukhubazeka ubomi bonke . Kwaneentsana ezibonakala zingonzakaliswanga yi-shaking baby syndrome zinokuba neengxaki zokukhula kamva ebomini. Ezinye zeemeko ezinokubangelwa yile meko ziquka:

• Ukulibaziseka kokuthetha nokukhula.
• Ukukhubazeka kokufunda.
• Ukulahlekelwa kukubona okanye ubumfama.
• Ukulahlekelwa kukuva okungapheliyo.
• Umvakalelo yokitazo.
• Isifo sokuwa.
• Ukuxhuzula.
• Ukukhubazeka komzimba.

I-Shaken baby syndrome luhlobo olubi lokuxhatshazwa kwabantwana ngokwasemzimbeni oluvela xa umzali okanye umnakekeli eshukumisa umntwana okanye umntwana ngogonyamelo. Oku kudla ngokwenzeka xa umntwana engayeki ukukhala, nto leyo ebangela ukuba umnakekeli abe nomsindo aze akhathazeke. Le meko inokuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba umntwana wakho akayeki ukukhala, zama amanye amacebiso angasentla, okanye ucele uncedo kumnakekeli othembekileyo.

Okokugqibela, umyalezo obalulekileyo ekufuneka ukhunjulwe

Umntwana omncinci ngumntu obuthathaka kakhulu. Umzimba wakhe, ingakumbi intloko nentamo yakhe, kufuneka unyanyekelwe ngononophelo olukhulu. Ungaze ushukumise umntwana omncinci nangasiphi na isizathu, nokuba unomsindo okanye udiniwe kangakanani na. Oko ukwenzayo kuloo mizuzwana imbalwa kunokonakalisa ubomi bomntwana bonke.

Ukuba uziva uxinzelelo lokunyamekela umntwana wakho lunzima kakhulu, ungabi nantloni ucele uncedo. Luxanduva lwakho. Ukhuseleko lomntwana wakho lubaluleke ngaphezu kwayo nayiphi na enye into. Yazisa abanye ngale nto. Emva koko singazinciphisa ezo ziganeko zibuhlungu.