Ngaba usebenza ne-beryllium? Masifunde ngakumbi nge-berylliosis, isifo esichaphazela imiphunga!

Molo! Ngaba wakha weva nge-'Beryllium' yesinyithi? Mhlawumbi usebenza nale sinyithi. Okanye mhlawumbi unelungu losapho okanye umhlobo osebenza ngayo. Ngoko ke, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngemiphumo enokuba nayo i-beryllium emiphungeni yethu, imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-'Berylliosis'. Nangona oku kungabonakala kuyinkimbinkimbi kancinci, masithethe ngayo ngokulula nangokucacileyo, kulungile?

Yintoni i-'Berylliosis'?

Ngamafutshane, i-berylliosis kukudumba okungapheliyo (okuthatha ixesha elide) ngaphakathi kwemiphunga yakho. Kubangelwa kukuphefumla amasuntswana amancinci, uthuli, okanye umsi we-beryllium yesinyithi. Cinga ngale ndlela, kanye njengokuba amehlo akho eba bomvu xa uphefumla uthuli, xa la masuntswana e-beryllium engena emiphungeni yakho, imiphunga yakho iyasabela kuyo. Into ebalulekileyo kukuba, ayenzeki kubo bonke abantu . Asinguye wonke umntu ofumana esi sifo kuba nje evezwe kwi-beryllium. Yimpendulo evela kwinkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Oko kukuthi, kwenzeka kuphela kubantu abane-allergy kwi-beryllium, okanye oko oogqirha bakubiza ngokuba yi-'Beryllium Sensitization' (BeS). Abantu abanesi sifo badla ngokuba neempawu ezifana nokukhohlela kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukuvaleka kwezicubu zemiphunga kunokwenzeka. Oku kunokufuna unyango ngamayeza anjenge-corticosteroids kunye nonyango lwe-oxygen ukwenza ukuphefumla kube lula.

Yintoni le 'Beryllium'?

IBeryllium yintsimbi ekhaphukhaphu kodwa enamandla kakhulu. Ayitsalwa ziimagnethi (ezingengomagnethi), kwaye iqhuba kakuhle ubushushu nombane. Ngenxa yezi mpawu, isetyenziswa kwiimveliso ezininzi. Umzekelo, iBeryllium isetyenziswa ekwenzeni iimoto, iindawo zekhompyutha, izixhobo zegalufa, kunye nezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zombane. Ukuba usebenza kwindawo eyenza olu hlobo lweemveliso, usenokuba sesichengeni seBeryllium.

Ziziphi iintlobo zesifo se-beryllium?

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zesifo se-beryllium.

1. Isifo seBeryllium esingapheliyo (CBD) okanye 'iBerylliosis'

Le yimeko ephambili esithetha ngayo. Ichaphazela imiphunga yabantu abavakalelwa yi-beryllium. Yimeko yokuzikhusela komzimba, nto leyo ethetha ukuba inkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba wethu ihlasela imiphunga yethu. Ngamanye amaxesha inokudideka nezinye izifo, ezifana ne-sarcoidosis. Emva kokuba ivakalelwa yi-beryllium, le meko ingapheliyo (CBD) inokukhula ngaxesha lithile. Ngamanye amaxesha inokuphinda ivele nasemva kokuba i-beryllium iyekile ukuvezwa.

2. Isifo seBeryllium esibukhali

Oku kuyinto engaqhelekanga ngoku. Ngenxa yemithetho yokhuseleko emsebenzini, ubungakanani be-beryllium emoyeni abuphezulu njengangaphambili. Le meko imbi ibangelwa kukuphefumla i-beryllium, kodwa iimpawu zikhawuleza kakhulu kwaye zinokuba nzima ngokukhawuleza.

Ingaba iyayichaphazela nesikhumba?

Ewe, i-beryllium inokuchaphazela nolusu. Ingabangela imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-contact dermatitis, ebangelwa kukuqhambuka kolusu. Ukuba umntu osebenza ne-beryllium uba nolu hlobo lwengxaki yolusu, usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana ukucaphuka kwe-beryllium. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza ukuba oku kuyenzeka.

Ixhaphake kangakanani iBerylliosis?

Izifundo zibonisa ukuba phakathi kwe-2% kunye ne-6% yabasebenzi abachaphazeleka yi-beryllium bahlakulela ukuziva ngathi i-beryllium iyasebenza, nto leyo enokubangela le meko. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaninzi abasebenza ne-beryllium rhoqo ababi nokuziva ngathi i-beryllium iyasebenza okanye isifo se-beryllium esingapheliyo (CBD). Yiyo loo nto besisithi oku akwenzeki kuwo wonke umntu.

Zithini iimpawu ze-'berylliosis' (CBD)?

Iimpawu zesi sifo zihlala zibonakala kancinci kancinci, zikhula kancinci kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha. Abanye abantu basenokungabi nazo iimpawu konke konke xa befunyaniswa ukuba banesifo se-beryllium esingapheliyo (CBD). Xa une-CBD, ukudumba kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwemiphunga yakho. Oku kungenxa yokuba imiphunga isabela kwinto yangaphandle ebizwa ngokuba yi-beryllium. Ngenxa yoko, iiseli ezibizwa ngokuba yi-granulomas zenzeka ngaphakathi kwemiphunga. Ezi zinokuba ngamanxeba ekugqibeleni. La manxeba anokunciphisa ukusebenza kwemiphunga. Ukuba ukudumba kuyaqhubeka, iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• Ukukhwehlela - Kusenokuba kukukhwehlela okomileyo.
• Ukudinwa - Asikuko ukudinwa nje kuphela, kodwa kukuziva udiniwe.
• Iintlungu zesifuba
• Ukulahlekelwa ngumdla wokutya
• Intlungu yamalungu
• Ukubila ebusuku

Khawucinge nje, ukuba ujongene nezinto ezinje ngokungakwazi ukunyuka izinyuko njengangaphambili, ukuziva unesiyezi xa uhamba umgama omfutshane, okanye ukhwehlela rhoqo, ingakumbi ukuba usebenzisa i-beryllium, licebo elihle ukuba ukhathazeke ngale nto.

Yintoni ebangela isifo se-beryllium?

Ukuze ube nesifo se-beryllium, kufuneka uvelelwe yi-beryllium kwaye inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela kufuneka isabele kuyo. Le mpendulo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ivela kuba uhlobo oluthile lweseli emhlophe yegazi ebizwa ngokuba zii-T-cells luveliswa yi-beryllium. Oogqirha bakholelwa ukuba kukho icandelo lemfuza kule mvakalelo ye-beryllium. Oko kukuthi, abanye abantu banokuba novelwano kwi-beryllium ngenxa yendlela abayiyo ngokwemfuza . Nangona kunjalo, ayinguye wonke umntu oveliswe yi-beryllium ofumana esi sifo . Kufuneka baqale bavelelwe yiyo.

Ngubani onokuba nethuba elikhulu lokufumana i-berylliosis?

Isifo seBeryllium sichaphazela kakhulu abantu abasebenza kwimisebenzi ebabeka kwi-beryllium. Umzekelo, abantu abasebenza kwiindawo ezifana nomzi-mveliso weenqwelo-moya, ukwenziwa kwezinto ze-elektroniki, izixhobo zamazinyo, kunye nokusebenza ngentsimbi basengozini enkulu. Nangona umngcipheko wokufumana esi sifo uyanda ngokuchatshazelwa yi-beryllium eninzi, ngamanye amaxesha nokuba yinxalenye encinci kakhulu yokuchatshazelwa inokubangela ukuba umntu abe novelwano kwi-beryllium aze afumane isifo esingapheliyo se-beryllium (CBD). Ukuba usebenza kumsebenzi okufaka kwi-beryllium, umqeshi wakho kufuneka akubonelele rhoqo ngovavanyo lokuchatshazelwa yi-beryllium kunye nesifo esingapheliyo se-beryllium. Lilungelo lakho. Khumbula, iimpawu ze-CBD zinokubonakala kwiminyaka emva kokuba ubonakalise okokugqibela kwi-beryllium. Nokuba awusebenzi ne-beryllium okwangoku, ukuba sele ufunyenwe ukuba une-beryllium sensitivity, kubalulekile ukuba uhlolwe rhoqo ngugqirha ukuze ubone ukuba unayo i-CBD.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ze-berylliosis?

Xa imiphunga yonakele, ikwabeka uxinzelelo entliziyweni. Oku kunokukhokelela ekwandeni kwesifo sentliziyo. Eyona ngxaki ixhaphakileyo kukuba iimpawu zihlala zikho okanye aziphenduli kakuhle kunyango.

Isifo seBeryllium (CBD) sifunyanwa njani?

Ugqirha wakho uya kukwazi ukufumanisa i-CBD emva kokuthatha imbali epheleleyo yezonyango, ingakumbi nayiphi na imbali yokuchaphazeleka yi-beryllium. Ukongeza, ugqirha wakho uya kukhangela iimpawu ezinokubonisa i-CBD, ezifana nezandi ezingaqhelekanga zemiphunga kunye nokudumba kwe-lymph nodes. Nangona kunjalo, ezi mpawu zihlala zibonakala kwizigaba zokugqibela zesifo.

Zithini iimvavanyo zonyango?

Ugqirha angayalela ezinye okanye zonke ezi mvavanyo:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Kukho uvavanyo lwegazi olukhethekileyo olubizwa ngokuba yiBeryllium Lymphocyte Proliferation Test (BeLPT). Olu vavanyo luvavanya indlela iiseli zakho ezimhlophe zegazi ezisabela ngayo kwi-beryllium.
• I-CT scan yesifuba sakho: Oku kuvumela ugqirha ukuba abone ukuba kukho amanxeba okanye ukudumba okungakanani kwimiphunga yakho.
• Uvavanyo lokuphefumla: I-Spirometry luvavanyo oluqhelekileyo olwenziwayo olulinganisa ukuba ungakanani umoya onokuwuphefumla uphume nongena kuwo.
• I-Bronchoscopy: Kule nkqubo, ugqirha ufaka ityhubhu encinci enekhamera emiphungeni yakho. Le tyhubhu isetyenziselwa ukukhangela iimpawu ze-beryllium sensitivity (BeS) emiphungeni, kwaye kuthathwa isampuli encinci (i-biopsy) yezicubu zemiphunga. Le biopsy isetyenziselwa ukujonga ii-granulomas okanye i-allergy reaction kwi-beryllium kulwelo lwemiphunga.

Ngaba iBerylliosis inganyangeka ngokupheleleyo?

Ngelishwa, akukho nyango lwesifo esingapheliyo se-beryllium (CBD). Injongo ephambili yonyango kukunciphisa iimpawu zakho nokuthintela isifo ukuba singabi mandundu. Abanye abantu banokuziva bekhululekile kwiiveki ezimbalwa emva kokuqala unyango. Nangona kunjalo, abanye banokuphila neempawu ezinzima ubomi babo bonke.

Wenza ntoni njengonyango?

Oogqirha abaninzi banyanga i-CBD ngamayeza acinezela amajoni omzimba. Olu nyango ludla ngokuquka:

• Uhlobo lwe-corticosteroid, njenge -prednisone .
• Amayeza exesha elide afana ne -methotrexate okanye i-azathioprine .

La mayeza anokunceda ukunciphisa ukudumba kwimiphunga yakho, ukuthintela amanxeba, kunye nokulawula iimpawu. Ukongeza, ugqirha wakho unokukunika unyango lweoksijini ( ioksijini eyongezelelweyo) ukukunceda uphefumle lula. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokunika ioksijini. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nendlela efanelekileyo kuwe. Ukuvuselelwa kwemiphunga kunokunceda ukuphucula iimpawu zakho kunye nokuvuselela ukusebenza kwemiphunga. Oku kudla ngokucetyiswa kubantu abaneempawu ezinzima okanye abasenengxaki yokuphefumla emva kokuqala unyango. Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, umntu unokufuna ukufakelwa imiphunga . Nangona kunjalo, oku akuqhelekanga kakhulu.

Ungazikhusela njani kwisifo se-beryllium?

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzikhusela kwisifo se-beryllium esingapheliyo (CBD) kukuphepha ukuvezwa kwi-beryllium . Umqeshi wakho kunye nabo bonke abasebenzi kufuneka bazame ukunciphisa oku kuvezwa. Kumazwe afana ne-United States, kufuneka ulandele imigangatho ebekwe ziiarhente ezifana ne-Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Ezi ziquka:

• Kufuneka kubekho umoya owaneleyo kwiindawo zokusebenza.
• Ukuba ezinye izinyithi ezifanayo zingasetyenziswa, i-beryllium kufuneka isetyenziswe ubuncinci .
• Ukwahlulwa kweenkqubo kusetyenziswa i-beryllium.
• Sebenzisa ngokukhuselekileyo izicoci ze-vacuum ezinezihluzo ze-High-Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) ukuze ucoce.
• Ukusetyenziswa kweZixhobo zoKhuseleko loMntu (PPE) ezifana neemaski zobuso kunye neziphefumli.

Nangona i-OSHA imisele uMda woKutyhileka oVumelekileyo (i-PEL) kwiintlobo ze-beryllium ze-CBD, kusenokwenzeka ukuba lo mda usenokudlula. Ngoko ke, buza umqeshi wakho ngexabiso le-PEL elithile lenkampani yakho.

Yintoni onokuyenza ukukhusela usapho lwakho?

Ukuba usebenzisa i-beryllium, ungenza oku kulandelayo ukukhusela usapho lwakho ekuchatshazelweni:

• Ngaphambi kokuba ungene kwindawo yokusebenza, susa impahla yakho yesiqhelo uze unxibe iyunifomu yakho yokusebenza .
• Ngaphambi kokuba uphume emsebenzini, khulula iyunifomu yakho uyifake kwihamper yokuhlamba impahla enesiciko (kungcono ukuba le yeyasemsebenzini).
• Hlamba kakuhle ngaphambi kokuba uphume emsebenzini.
• Coca izihlangu zakho zokusebenza ngaphambi kokuba uphume kwindawo yokusebenza kwaye ungazigodusi .

Ezi zinto zincinci zinokunceda kakhulu ekuthinteleni uthuli lwe-beryllium ukuba lungangeni ekhayeni lakho, ingakumbi kubantwana abancinci.

Ngaba uvavanyo lwemfuza lunokumisela umngcipheko?

Uvavanyo lwemfuza lunokukwazi ukuchonga abantu abasengozini enkulu yokuba ne-beryllium sensitivity (BeS) kunye/okanye i-CBD. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka uphando olongezelelweyo ngaphambi kokuba olu vavanyo lube yinto eqhelekileyo. Okwangoku, uvavanyo lwemfuza lwe-BeS lwenziwa kuphela emva kokuxoxa ngononophelo nomcebisi wemfuza kunye nogqirha wakho, kwaye kwimeko nganye.

Injani imbono yomntu one-berylliosis?

Oogqirha abakaqondi ngokupheleleyo ukuba kutheni isifo esingapheliyo se-beryllium (CBD) sichaphazela abantu abahlukeneyo ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Abanye abantu banokuba nee-granulomas emiphungeni yabo ngaphandle kweempawu. Abanye banokuba neempawu, ezinje ngobunzima bokuphefumla, eziya ziba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha. Abanye abantu abafumani lwazi ngesi sifo de sibe sibi kakhulu kangangokuba singasongela ubomi. Akunakwenzeka ukutsho ngqo ukuba i-CBD iza kukuchaphazela njani. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha ukuze ahlolwe kwaye abekwe esweni rhoqo.

Ngaba isifo esingapheliyo se-beryllium (CBD) singabulala?

Ewe, inokuba njalo. Abantu abane-CBD banokufumana umonakalo omkhulu emiphungeni, nto leyo enokubangela uxinzelelo olukhulu entliziyweni. Oku kunokukhokelela ekusileleni kwentliziyo okanye ekufeni. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba isifo sifunyenwe kwaye sinyangwa kwangethuba , umngcipheko wokuba ne-CBD enzima uphantsi kakhulu. Ke ngoko, ukuba ufunyenwe une-'Beryllium Sensitization', kubalulekile ukuba uhlolwe rhoqo.

Ndifanele ndibonane nogqirha nini?

Ukuba uneempawu zesifo se-beryllium, ingakumbi ukuba ukhe wachaphazeleka yi-beryllium emsebenzini wakho , bona ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko. Musa ukulibazisa.

Yeyiphi imibuzo ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyibuze ugqirha?

Kuqhelekile ukuba nemibuzo xa ufunyaniswa ukuba unesifo. Nazi ezinye zemibuzo onokuzibuza ugqirha wakho:

• Yintoni endimele ndiyilindele kule meko?
• Ndingayithintela njani i-beryllium kwixesha elizayo?
• Ndingabuyela emsebenzini kwindawo apho kukho 'iBeryllium'?
• Ngaba amalungu osapho lwam kufuneka ahlolwe ukuba akanayo na i-allergy ye-beryllium?
• Yeyiphi eyona ndlela ilungileyo yonyango lweempawu zam?
• Ngaba kuya kufuneka ndithathe amayeza okanye ndisebenzise ioksijini ngonaphakade?

Buza imibuzo efana nale uze uqonde kakuhle imeko yakho.

Ingaba 'iBerylliosis' kunye 'neSifo seBeryllium esingapheliyo' (CBD) zizinto ezifanayo?

Hayi, la ngamagama amabini achaza imeko efanayo. Adla ngokusetyenziswa ngokutshintshana kuba uhlobo olukhawulezileyo lwesi sifo ngoku aluqhelekanga.

I-beryllium ibangela umhlaza kangakanani?

I-International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) idwelise i-beryllium njengesifo somhlaza ebantwini nakwizilwanyana . Oku kuthetha ukuba izifundo zibonise ukuba i-beryllium inokunyusa umngcipheko womhlaza.

Zeziphi ukutya ezine-beryllium? Ngaba ziyingozi?

I-Beryllium yintsimbi eyenzeka ngokwemvelo emhlabeni. Ngenxa yoko, eminye imifuno inokuba neediphozithi ze-beryllium. Ngokutsho kweSebe lezeMpilo lase-US, ii-peas zasegadini, iimbotyi zezintso,Iimbotyi zeKidney kunye neepere ziqulathe i-beryllium eninzi.

Kodwa, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba akukho mngcipheko we-'Beryllium Sensitization' ekutyeni okutyayo . Ngoko ke akukho nto ibalulekileyo yokuxhalaba ngayo.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Uninzi lwabantu alufumani isifo esingapheliyo se-beryllium (CBD) ngenxa yokuchatshazelwa yi-beryllium. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abane-beryllium sensitivity (BeS) banokugula nokuba bachatshazelwa kancinci kakhulu . Ukuba uneempawu ze-CBD, ezinje ngobunzima bokuphefumla nokukhohlela, funa ingcebiso yezonyango ngoko nangoko , ingakumbi ukuba usebenza kwishishini apho unokufumana khona i-beryllium. Ngonyango lwakwangoko, abantu abaninzi banokugcina ubomi babo busemgangathweni. Nyamekela impilo yakho kwaye ufumane ulwazi!