Ingaba unemithambo yegazi evalekileyo elisweni lakho? Masifunde ngeRetinal Vein Occlusion (RVO)!

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba kuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba umthambo omncinci wegazi ngaphakathi emehlweni ethu uvalekile? Oku kusenokuba yinto entsha kuwe. Kodwa, inokwenzeka ngokwenene. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngemeko ebizwa ngokuba yiRetinal Vein Occlusion , okanye iRVO. Ungakhathazeki, ukuba uyiqonda kakuhle le nto, iya kukunceda kakhulu ekwenzeni izinto ezifunekayo.

Yintoni iRetinal Vein Occlusion?

Ngamafutshane, oku kwenzeka xa umthambo, okanye umthambo wegazi, okhupha igazi kwi -retina engaphakathi kweliso lakho uvalekile ngokupheleleyo okanye kancinci. Cinga ngayo le retina engasemva kweliso lethu ifana nefilimu ekwikhamera. Xa ukukhanya kubetha iliso, kunceda ekudaleni imifanekiso kwaye kusivumele ukuba sibone. Ngoko ke, xa ukuhamba kwegazi kwi-retina kuvalekile, igazi liqala ukuqokelelana apho. Oku kunokubangela ukuba uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kweliso lunyuke kwaye ludumbe . Ukuba olu hlobo lwengxaki alunyangwa ngokukhawuleza, umbono wethu unokulahleka okanye unciphe . Okwangoku, akukho ndlela ikhuselekileyo yokuvula ngokupheleleyo le mthambo wegazi uvalekileyo kwakhona. Kodwa, ungalahli ithemba! Kukho unyango olunokulawula iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kwaye lukhusele umbono wakho . Iingcali zamehlo ziya kulungelelanisa isicwangciso sakho sonyango ngokwemeko yakho. Ungadinga iindlela zonyango ezingaphezu kwesinye, ukusuka kwiinaliti ukuya kutyando .

Ngaba kukho naluphi na uhlobo lwale `(RVO)`?

Ewe, kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-RVO: 1. Ukuvalelwa kwemithambo yegazi ephakathi kwe-retina (CRVO) : Kulapho umthambo wegazi oyintloko kwi-retina uvaleka khona. 2. Ukuvalelwa kwemithambo yegazi ye-retina yesebe (BRVO) : Kulapho omnye okanye ngaphezulu kwemithambo emincinci yesebe eqhagamshelwe kumthambo wegazi oyintloko ivaleka khona. Olu hlobo lolona luxhaphakileyo.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko `(RVO)`?

Enyanisweni, i-RVO yimeko yesibini eqhelekileyo echaphazela i-retina yethu, emva kwe-retinopathy enxulumene nesifo seswekile. Abaphandi bafumanise ukuba kwihlabathi liphela:

• Le meko (iRetinal Vein Occlusion) ichaphazele abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-16.
• Ukuvalelwa kwemithambo ye-retinal ephakathi (CRVO) kuchaphazela phakathi komntu omnye no-4 kwi-1,000 nganye.
• Ukuvaleka kwemithambo ye-retinal yesebe (BRVO) kuchaphazela abantu abaphakathi kwe-6 ne-12 kwi-1,000 nganye.

Ezi zibalo zibonisa ukuba, nangona oku kuyinto engaqhelekanga kangako, ichaphazela inani elikhulu labantu.

Zithini iimpawu ze-`(RVO)`?

Iimpawu ze-`(RVO)` zihlala zivela kwiliso elinye kuphela. Nazi iimpawu eziphambili:

• Ukubona okufipheleyo okanye ukulahleka kokubona : Oku kungenzeka ngequbuliso, okanye kunokunyuka kancinci kancinci kwiiyure okanye iintsuku ezimbalwa.
• IiFloaters : La ngamabala amancinci amnyama okanye imicu ebonakala ngathi iyahambahamba xa uyijonga.
• Ukuva iintlungu okanye uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kweliso : Oku kuqheleke kakhulu kwiimeko ezinzima.

Kodwa nantsi into ekufuneka uyikhumbule. Ngamanye amaxesha, awunakuba nazimpawu de kubekho iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Kwabanye abantu, ugqirha akazi nokuba banayo le ngxaki de baye kuhlolwa amehlo rhoqo.

Kutheni le nto `(RVO)` isenzeka? Zithini izizathu?

Eyona nto ibangela le meko kukuphazamiseka kokuhamba kwegazi ngendlela eqhelekileyo kwi-retinal vein. Oku kuthintelwa kunokubakho ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo:

• Ihlwili legazi.
• Ukuhamba kwegazi kancinci.
• Umthambo we-retina kunye nomthambo we-retina ziyangqubana, apho umthambo ucinezelwa khona. Cinga ngako, lo mthambo unika i -retina igazi elicocekileyo nelinomoya-mpilo omninzi. Njengoko ukhula, okanye ngenxa yokwakheka kwe-plaque eludongeni lomthambo, lo mthambo unokuncitshiswa kwaye ucinezele umthambo ongaphantsi kwawo. Oku kungonakalisa udonga lwangaphakathi lomthambo, okwandisa umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwegazi.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokufumana le `(RVO)`?

Ubudala obungaphezulu kwama-40 buyinto ebangela umngcipheko omkhulu. I-RVO idla ngokuchaphazela abantu abakwiminyaka yabo yama-50 nama-60. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha inokuchaphazela abantu abangaphantsi kwama-40. Kwakhona, ukuba unenye yezi meko zilandelayo, umngcipheko wakho wokuba ne-RVO uphezulu:

• I-atherosclerosis
• Isifo seswekile
• Imeko yeGlaucoma
• Igazi elonyukayo

Enye into kukuba, ukuba ukhe waba ne-RVO kwelinye iliso ngaphambili, kukho ithuba elikhulu lokuba nelinye iliso liza kuba nayo.

Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho ze-`(RVO)`?

Ukuvalelwa kwemithambo ye-retinal (RVO) kunokubangela iingxaki ezifana nezi:

• I-Cystoid macular edema : Kulapho iziko le-retina yakho, i-macula, lidumba khona. Oku kunokubangela ukungaboni kakuhle okanye ukulahleka kombono.
• Ukuvuselelwa kwemithambo yegazi yeliso : Imithambo yegazi emitsha nebuthathaka inokwenzeka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ngaphakathi kweliso, ingakumbi ezijikeleze iris (i-rubeosis iridis). Le meko ichaphazela malunga nomntu omnye kwabane abane-RVO. Ukuvuselelwa kwemithambo yegazi yeliso akuvamile kwi-retina.
• Ukopha kwegazi kwi-vitreous: Oku kuxa igazi livuza kwi-substance efana ne-jelly ngaphakathi kweliso (i-vitreous humor). Imithambo yegazi emitsha, engaqhelekanga eyakhekayo ibuthathaka kakhulu, kwaye inokuvuza igazi.
• I-Neovascular glaucoma : Olu hlobo lwemithambo yegazi entsha ngaphakathi kweliso lunokubangela uxinzelelo oluphezulu kakhulu ngaphakathi kweliso, olunokubangela neentlungu.
• Ukuqhekeka kwe-retina : Ngenxa yokwakheka kwemithambo yegazi emitsha kwi-retina, i-retina inokutsalela kude kwizicubu zayo ezixhasayo.

Abantu abane-RVO basengozini enkulu yokufumana izifo zentliziyo , ezifana nestroke , kunabo bangenayo i-RVO. Oku kusenokubangelwa zizinto eziqhelekileyo ezibangela umngcipheko, ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye ne-atherosclerosis.

Uyibona njani le meko `(RVO)`?

Iingcali zamehlo zixilonga i-RVO ngovavanyo lwamehlo kunye novavanyo lwemifanekiso ye-retina. Zikwasebenza nogqirha wakho oyintloko (PCP) ukufumana unobangela wale ngxaki yokuhamba kwegazi.

Uvavanyo lwamehlo

Ugqirha wakho wamehlo uza kuvula amehlo akho aze ajonge ngaphakathi kweliso lakho. Oku kuya kukuvumela ukuba ubone ngokucacileyo okungasemva kweliso lakho. Baza kusebenzisa imakroskopu ekhethekileyo kunye ne-ophthalmoscope, abayinxiba entloko, ukuze bajonge ngaphakathi kweliso lakho. Baza kukwazi ukujonga ngaphakathi kweliso lakho ukuba kukho naziphi na iingxaki okanye umonakalo ekuboneni kwakho. Olu vavanyo lunokukuxelela oku:

• Chonga ukuba le yi-"Central RVO" okanye "Branch RVO".
• Fumanisa ukuba iziko lombono lidumbile na (i-macular edema) kwaye ukuba kukho imithambo yegazi emitsha engaqhelekanga eyenziweyo.
• Vavanya umlinganiselo wokuncipha kokunikezelwa kwegazi kwi-retina.

Kungafuneka ukufumanisa ngokuchanekileyo imeko `(RVO)`, ukufumanisa ubungakanani bomonakalo obangelwe, kunye nokwenza uvavanyo olongezelelweyo.

Uvavanyo lokuchonga `(RVO)`

Ugqirha wakho wamehlo angasebenzisa olunye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mvavanyo ukuze afumanise imeko yakho echanekileyo:

• Ukufota iFundus: Oku kungasetyenziselwa ukubona ukuba kukho imithambo yegazi emitsha ngaphakathi kweliso kunye nokuba lingakanani na igazi elilahlekileyo.
• I-Optical coherence tomography (OCT) : Le yindlela yokufota enesisombululo esiphezulu. Ingasetyenziselwa ukujonga i-macular edema. Ilinganisa ubukhulu be-retina kwaye inika amaxabiso achanekileyo. La maxabiso abaluleke kakhulu kunyango lwexesha elide lwemeko yakho.
• I-Fluorescein angiography : Kolu vavanyo, kufakwa idayi ekhethekileyo emthanjeni osengalweni yakho. Xa idayi isiya kwimithambo yegazi engaphakathi kweliso, ibonakala ngokucacileyo kwimifanekiso. Olu vavanyo lusetyenziselwa ukubona ukuba ingakanani imithambo ye-retina evalekileyo. Lunokubonisa nokuba ingakanani i-retina engafumani gazi laneleyo.

Unyango olulungelelanisiweyo

Ugqirha wakho wamehlo kunye nogqirha wakho oyintloko (PCP) baza kusebenzisana ukufumana unobangela we-RVO yakho kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko weengxaki zakho zexesha elizayo. Baza kwenza novavanyo lwegazi ukujonga izinto ezibalulekileyo ezifana namanqanaba e-cholesterol yakho kunye namanqanaba eswekile egazini .

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ze-`(RVO)`?

Okwangoku, akukho ndlela yokunyanga ngokupheleleyo okanye yokubuyisela umva ukuvaleka kwemithambo ye-retina. Nangona kunjalo, oogqirha bamehlo banokuthintela baze banyange iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zokuvaleka kwemithambo ye-retina. Benza oku kulandelayo:

• Iinaliti ze-Anti-VEGF
• Iinaliti zeSteroid
• Unyango lwe-laser olubizwa ngokuba yi-Panretinal photocoagulation (PRP)
• Utyando lweVitrectomy
• Amayeza okulawula izinto ezinobungozi

Iinjongo eziphambili zezi zonyango zezi:

• Kulungile ukuphucula umbono wakho, okanye ukuthintela ukuba ungabi mbi.
• Chonga kwaye unyange iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezingonakalisa umbono wakho nempilo yamehlo.
• Ukulawula izinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko ukuze kuthintelwe iingxaki ezizayo.

Ugqirha wakho uza kudibanisa unyango njengoko kufuneka aze akuchazele ixesha lonyango ngalunye.

Iinaliti ze-Anti-VEGF

Olu lolona nyango lokuqala kubantu abane-macular edema. I-VEGF imele i-vascular endothelial growth factor. Le yiproteni enceda imithambo yegazi emitsha ikhule (i-angiogenesis). Kodwa ukuba i-VEGF iba phezulu kakhulu, inokubangela ukuba imithambo yegazi engaqhelekanga, evuzayo yenziwe, ibangele ukudumba. Iinaliti ze-Anti-VEGF zisebenza ngokuthintela ukuveliswa kwe-VEGF ngaphakathi kweliso nokunciphisa ukudumba. Ugqirha wakho uza kukwenza amehlo akho angabi nanto aze afake iyeza kwi-vitreous humor, into efana nejeli engaphakathi kweliso lakho. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho, unokufuna ukufumana ezi naliti rhoqo unyaka okanye emibini. Amayeza athile anokubandakanywa kwezi naliti aquka:

• `I-Aflibercept`
• `I-Bevacizumab`
• `Ranibizumab`

Iinaliti zeSteroid

Ukufakwa kwe-steroid emehlweni kunokunceda ekunciphiseni ukudumba. Nangona kunjalo, ii-steroid injections zinokunyusa uxinzelelo lwamehlo kwaye zibangele i-cataracts kwabanye abantu. Ke ngoko, zisetyenziswa njengonyango lwesibini xa ii-anti-VEGF injections zingasebenzi.

I-Panretinal photocoagulation (PRP)

Olu lutyando lwelaser. Lubandakanya ukwenza ukutsha okuncinci kwiindawo ze-retina yakho apho ukuhamba kwegazi kuphantsi khona. Oku kunciphisa ubungakanani beprotheyini ebizwa ngokuba yi-VEGF enceda ukukhula kwemithambo yegazi emitsha. Ukunciphisa i-VEGF kunceda ukuthintela ukwakheka kwemithambo yegazi emitsha (neovascularization) kwaye ngaloo ndlela ukopha ngaphakathi kweliso. Kukwanceda ukugcina uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kweliso (uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kweliso) luzinzile.

Utyando lweVitrectomy

I-Posterior pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) lutyando olunceda abantu abane-retinal vein occlusion (RVO) abaneengxaki ezilandelayo:

• Ukuba kukho ukopha okukhulu ngaphakathi kweliso (ukuvaleka kwegazi okukhulu kwi-vitreous).
• Ukuba ukopha kuqhubeka ixesha elingaphezulu kweeveki ezine.
• Ukuba ukopha kuyaqhubeka nokubuyela.
• Ukuba i-retina ihlukanisiwe, ibizwa ngokuba yi-`(Retinal detachment)`.

Olu tyando lubandakanya ukususa into efana nejeli engaphakathi kweliso (i-vitreous humor) kunye nokulungisa umonakalo kwi-retina.

Amayeza okulawula izinto ezinobungozi

Abantu abaninzi abane-retinal vein occlusion (RVO) baneengxaki zempilo ezifihlakeleyo, ezinje ngoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, isifo seswekile, okanye i-cholesterol ephezulu. Ezi meko zonyusa umngcipheko wokuba neengxaki zemithambo yegazi. Ingcali yakho yamehlo iya kusebenza nogqirha wakho oyintloko (PCP) ukucwangcisa isicwangciso sonyango esilungiselelwe iimfuno zakho. I-PCP yakho inokukunika amayeza ezinto ezifana nezi:

• Yehlisa uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi.
• Lawula amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol.
• Ukuba kukho ezinye iingxaki, zisombulule.

Ndingayithintela le meko `(RVO)`?

Ukwazi ukuba usemngciphekweni wokuvalelwa kwemithambo ye-retinal (RVO) linyathelo lokuqala lokuthintela oku. Thetha nogqirha wakho wamehlo okanye ugqirha wamehlo malunga nomngcipheko wakho kunye nento onokuyenza ukunciphisa oku. Kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho oyintloko (PCP) malunga nazo naziphi na iimeko ezingaphantsi ezinokuthi zichaphazele ukuhamba kwegazi lakho. Banokucebisa unyango olunokunceda ukulawula ezo meko kunye nokunceda ukugcina amehlo akho kunye nomzimba wakho uphilile. Nazi ezinye izinto ezithile onokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho:

• Landela ukutya okulungileyo kwimpilo yentliziyo yakho kunye nemithambo yegazi .
• Yenza umthambo ube yinxalenye yemisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla.
• Gcina ubunzima bakho busempilweni .
• Kuphephe ukutshaya kunye nazo zonke iimveliso zecuba.

Ukuba ndinayo le meko, ndimele ndilindele ntoni?

Ingqikelelo yakho ixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Umzekelo, indawo ekuyo ukuvaleka kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezibangelwa kuko. Abanye abantu banokuba nomonakalo ongapheliyo ekuboneni. Abanye banokuba nombono ophucuka kancinci kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ugqirha wakho wamehlo ngumntu ongcono ukukuxelela kanye into omawuyilindele ngokusekelwe kwimeko yakho. Ugqirha wakho angakuthumela kwi -rehabilitation yombono , ekufundisa iindlela zokuphila nombono ophantsi. Umzekelo, indlela yokusebenzisa iiglasi zokukhulisa kunye netekhnoloji yekhompyutha encedisayo. Ungathunyelwa kubasebenzi bentlalontle abanokukunceda ujongane notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila.

Ndingazinyamekela njani?

Ukuphila ne-retinal vein occlusion (RVO) kunokuba yinto ebangela uxinezeleko. Usenokufuna ezi zinto:

• Nika inaliti yamehlo izihlandlo ezininzi.
• Zingaphi izihlandlo ofumana unyango lwelaser?
• Yiya rhoqo kwiindawo zokulandelela.
• Ukuba awukwazi ukuqhuba ngokukhuselekileyo ngenxa yemeko okanye unyango lwakho, kuyanceda ukuya kutyelelo lwezonyango.

Konke oku kunokuvakala ngathi kukudinisa kwaye kukudinisa. Khumbula, iqela lakho lezempilo lilapha ukukunceda. Thetha noogqirha bakho malunga nendlela oziva ngayo. Banokukwazi ukukunika iingcebiso ngezixhobo ezinokukunceda ufunde ngakumbi ngemeko yakho kunye nesizathu sokuba yonke le mizamo ibaluleke kangaka. Banokukudibanisa namaqela enkxaso okanye izixhobo zoluntu apho unokuthetha nabantu abadlula kwinto efanayo nawe. Ukufunda kumava abanye abantu kunye nokwabelana ngawakho kunokukunceda ulawule oku ngokulula.

Ndingalufuna nini uncedo lwezonyango?

Ugqirha wakho wamehlo uza kukuxelela ukuba kufuneka uye kangaphi ukuze uhlolwe okanye ufumane unyango. Thetha naye ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu ezintsha, ukuba iimpawu zakho ziyatshintsha, okanye ukuba unemibuzo malunga nesicwangciso sakho sonyango.

Ndingaya nini kwigumbi likaxakeka?

Ukuba uneempawu zokuqhekeka kwe-retina, fowunela u-911 okanye inombolo yakho yongxamiseko yasekuhlaleni. Le yingxamiseko yezonyango efuna unyango olukhawulezileyo.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Ungabuza ugqirha wakho wamehlo imibuzo efana nale:

• Yintoni ebangela ukuvaleka kwemithambo yam ye-retina?
• Loluphi unyango olungcono kum?
• Ziziphi iingenelo kunye neengxaki zonyango ngalunye?
• Luhlobo luni lokulandelela oluya kundifuna?
• Le meko iyichaphazela njani indlela endibona ngayo?
• Injani imbono yam?

Kulula ukulibala ukuba imithambo yegazi ibaluleke kangakanani ekuboneni kwethu. Kungenxa yokuba sihlala sithetha kuphela ngemithambo yegazi edibana nentliziyo yethu, ingqondo, kunye nezinye izitho eziphambili. Kodwa imithambo yegazi ekwi-retina yakho mincinci, kodwa ibaluleke ngokufanayo. Ukuba iyavaleka, inokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu ekuboneni kwakho nakwimpilo yamehlo. Ukongeza, inokuba luphawu lwesilumkiso sokuba kukho iingxaki ngokuhamba kwegazi emzimbeni wakho ezifuna ingqalelo.

Ukunyamekela impilo yamehlo akho akunakukhusela kuphela umbono wakho, kodwa nempilo yakho iyonke. Bona ugqirha wamehlo rhoqo ukuze uhlolwe amehlo. Baxelele ngazo naziphi na iingxaki zokubona okanye iimpawu onazo. Ukwenza njalo kunokubanceda babone iingxaki ezifana nokuvaleka kwemithambo ye-retinal (RVO) kwangethuba, kuthintelwe iingxaki, kwaye kunyangwe ngokukhawuleza.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Kulungile, ngoko ke ngokwento esithethe ngayo, kufuneka uqonde ukuba yintoni i-retinal vein occlusion (RVO), yintoni enokubangela, kunye nonyango olufumanekayo ngayo. Musa ukoyika, musa ukoyika. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba, ukuba unezi mpawu, kuthetha ukubaUkuba ngequbuliso ubona izinto ezingabonakali kakuhle, ubona izinto ezingabonakaliyo, okanye eziphaphazelayo, bonana nogqirha wamehlo ngoko nangoko. Ukuba ufunyenwe kwangethuba, unyango lunokusindisa umbono wakho. Kwakhona, ukuba uneemeko ezifana nesifo seswekile okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, kubalulekile ukuzilawula kakuhle. Oku kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokuba ne-RVO. Ukuphila ubomi obusempilweni nokuphepha ukutshaya nako kulungile emehlweni akho nakwimpilo iyonke. Ngoko ke, nyamekela amehlo akho, kuba zezona zinto zixabisekileyo kuwe, ezikuvumela ukuba ubone ihlabathi!