Yintoni umlomo wesibeleko? Masifumanise ukuba yintoni kanye kanye!

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ngale nxalenye incinci kodwa ibaluleke kakhulu yomzimba wakho, isibeleko? Usenokuba ulivile eli gama, nokuba ngugqirha okanye xa ethetha nge-Pap smear. Enyanisweni, abantu abaninzi abanalo ulwazi olupheleleyo ngayo. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngento esi sibeleko, inkonzo esiyinika umzimba wethu, nendlela yokusigcina siphilile ngendlela elula onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni kanye kanye umlomo wesibeleko?

Ngamafutshane, umlomo wesibeleko sakho sisitho esinemisipha, esifana nomngxuma. Sikwizantsi lesibeleko sakho. Sifana nentamo yesibeleko . Yiyo loo nto ngamanye amaxesha sibizwa ngokuba "yintamo yesibeleko." Umlomo wesibeleko yindawo apho isibeleko sakho kunye nelungu lobufazi zidibana khona. Lilungu lomzimba wakho elivumela ulwelo ukuba luhambe phakathi kwesibeleko kunye nelungu lobufazi, kwaye lilungu lomzimba wakho elinceda umntwana wakho ukuba adlule kwilungu lobufazi (umjelo wokuzalwa) xa unomntwana. Nangona kunjalo, umlomo wesibeleko kukwalapho utshintsho lweeseli olunokukhokelela kumhlaza luxhaphake khona. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukwenza ii-Pap smears rhoqo. Ngale ndlela, ugqirha wakho unokufumana nantoni na engaqhelekanga okanye uphawu lwesifo kwangethuba.

Ngubani one-cervix?

Abafazi bane-cervix. Kwakhona, abanye abantu ababhinqileyo banokuba ne-cervix.

Yintoni kanye kanye umsebenzi wesibeleko?

Umlomo wesibeleko sakho ufana nesango. Uvumela ulwelo ukuba lungene luphume kwisibeleko sakho. Kwakhona ungumlindi wesango onamandla kakhulu. Ungavuleka uvale ukuvumela izinto ezinje ngokukhulelwa nokubeleka ukuba zenzeke. Cinga nje ngokubaluleka komlomo wesibeleko sakho:

• Ukuya exesheni : Igazi lokuya exesheni eliphuma inyanga nenyanga njengenxalenye yomjikelo wakho wokuya exesheni liqala esibelekweni lize liphume ngesibeleko liye kwilungu lobufazi.
• Ukukhulelwa : Ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo, xa iqabane lakho likhupha i-ejaculation, isidoda sihamba sisuka kwilungu lobufazi, sidlule emlonyeni wesibeleko, siye esibelekweni, size sisuke apho siye kwimibhobho ye-fallopian , apho sidibana khona neqanda.
• Ukuchuma: I-mucus yomlomo wesibeleko ichaphazela indlela onokukhulelwa lula ngayo. Ngexesha lokukhutshwa kweqanda (xa umzimba wakho ukhupha iqanda), umlomo wesibeleko ukhupha i-mucus. Oku kuncinci kwaye akuna-asidi kangako kunesiqhelo. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuba isidoda siye esibelekweni. Ngenxa yoko, isidoda sinethuba elingcono lokufikelela kwiqanda size silichumise.
• IsiniUkuzala kwesibeleko: Umlomo wesibeleko sakho ulawula ixesha elithathwa ngumntwana wakho ukuba aphume esibelekweni sakho. Ngexesha lokukhulelwa, umlomo wesibeleko sakho uvelisa iplagi ye-mucus egubungela umnyango wesibeleko sakho. Xa kufika ixesha lokuba umntwana wakho angene, le plagi ye-mucus iyanyibilika, yenza umlomo wesibeleko sakho uthambe kwaye ube mncane. Umlomo wesibeleko emva koko uyavuleka (uvuleke). Kulapho umntwana wakho anokuphuma khona esibelekweni sakho . Ugqirha wakho unokuqikelela ukuba umgama ongakanani ecaleni komlomo wesibeleko sakho ngokulinganisa ukuba umntwana wakho ungakanani.
• Ukukhusela isibeleko: Umlomo wesibeleko ukwathintela izinto ezifana neetamponi okanye iidiaphragms ozifaka kwisibeleko ukuba zingangeni kwisibeleko.

Iphi i-cervix?

Umlomo wesibeleko wakho yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yakho yokuzala. Ukwindawo engaphakathi kwi-pelvic cavity yakho, malunga ne-intshi ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-6 ngaphakathi kwi-vagina yakho. Uqala ezantsi kwesibeleko sakho uze udlulele phezulu kwi-vagina yakho. Indawo apho umlomo wesibeleko uphuma khona phezulu kwi-vagina yakho ibizwa ngokuba yi-ectocervix. I-vagina yakho, umlomo wesibeleko, kunye ne-vagina zifumaneka ngasemva kwesinyi sakho (ilungu elikuncedayo ukuchama) kunye ne-urethra, naphambi kwe-rectum kunye ne-anus yakho (amalungu akuncedayo ukukhupha indle).

Ijongeka njani i-cervix? Zithini iindawo zayo?

Igama elithi "cervix" livela kwigama lesiLatini elithi "intamo." Njengentamo, umlomo wesibeleko umile okwesilinda okanye ityhubhu. Udibanisa iindawo ezimbini ezibalulekileyo zomzimba. Kanye njengokuba intamo yakho idibanisa intloko yakho nomzimba wakho wonke, umlomo wesibeleko udibanisa isibeleko sakho nelungu lobufazi bakho. Umlomo wesibeleko ubanzi kancinci embindini, kodwa uncipha uye emacaleni. Isiphelo esiphezulu sivuleka singene kwisibeleko, kwaye isiphelo esisezantsi sivuleka singene kwilungu lobufazi. Umlomo wesibeleko wakho wenziwe ngala macandelo:

• I-OS yangaphakathi: Le yindlela yokungena esibelekweni. Ngexesha lokukhulelwa, oogqirha banokuthetha ngale "OS yangaphakathi".
• Umjelo we-Endocervical: Le yinxalenye efana nomjelo eqala kwi-"Internal OS" ukuya kwi-"Ectocervix".
• I-Ectocervix: Le yinxalenye yomlomo wesibeleko ephuma iye kwinxalenye ephezulu yesini.
• I-OS yangaphandle: Le yindawo evulekela kwilungu lobufazi.

Indawo apho umjelo we-endocervical kunye ne-ectocervix zidibana khona ibizwa ngokuba yiTransformation Zone (TZ) . Le ndawo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-(TZ), kulapho uninzi lotshintsho lweeseli lwenzeka khona kwisibeleko. Kukwalapho iiseli ezingaqhelekanga zinokwenzeka khona, njenge-cervical dysplasia okanye umhlaza wesibeleko.

Ingakanani i-cervix?

Umlomo wesibeleko uhlala malunga ne-intshi enye ubude. Nangona kunjalo, ubukhulu bomlomo wesibeleko buyahluka kumntu nomntu. Umlomo wesibeleko uhlala mkhulu kancinci kubafazi abaye baba nabantwana. Kwakhona, umlomo wesibeleko mkhulu kubafazi abakwiminyaka yokuzala kunabo baye badlula kwixesha lokuya exesheni. Ngexesha lokubeleka, umlomo wesibeleko ufinyela kakhulu ukuvumela umntwana ukuba adlule ngokulula esibelekweni aye kwilungu lobufazi.

Singachukumisa umlomo wesibeleko?

Ewe, ungakwenza oko kuxhomekeke kwixesha lomjikelo wakho wokuya exesheni. Ukuba ufaka umnwe wakho omde kwilungu lobufazi bakho, emva komgama omfutshane uya kuziva umqobo othintela umnwe ukuba ungaqhubeki phambili. Loo nto yi-cervix. Isenokuvakala iqinile, okanye ingathi sisiponji esithambileyo. Indawo kunye nobume be-cervix kuya kutshintsha kuxhomekeke ekubeni uyakhupha amaqanda okanye akunjalo. Ithambile kwaye kunzima ukuyichukumisa ngexesha lokukhupha amaqanda.

Kodwa khumbula, ukuba uzama ukuchukumisa umlomo wesibeleko sakho, qiniseka ukuba uhlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha ethambileyo namanzi afudumeleyo. Ngaphandle koko, izinto ezifana neebhaktheriya zinokungena emlonyeni wesibeleko sakho zibangele usulelo.

Yenziwe ngantoni i-cervix?

Umlomo wesibeleko wakho wenziwe ngezicubu eziqinileyo ze-fibromuscular. Zimbini iintlobo eziphambili zeeseli ezijikeleze umlomo wesibeleko:

• Iiseli zeGlandular: Ezi seli zikwi-endocervical canal, eyona ndawo ingaphakathi yomlomo wesibeleko.
• Iiseli ze-squamous: Ezi seli zijikeleze inxalenye engaphandle yomlomo wesibeleko, 'i-ectocervix', kunye nelungu lakho lobufazi.

Utshintsho lweeseli ludla ngokwenzeka kwindawo apho ezi ntlobo zimbini zeeseli zidibana khona, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-``(TZ)''. Ugqirha wakho uya kunika ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kule ndawo xa evavanya umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko.

Ziziphi izifo eziqhelekileyo ezinokuvela ezinxulumene nomlomo wesibeleko?

Uninzi lweemeko eziyingozi kakhulu ezichaphazela umlomo wesibeleko zinxulunyaniswa neHuman Papillomavirus (HPV) . I-HPV sisifo esidluliselwa ngesondo (STI). Ngamanye amaxesha sinokukhokelela kumhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Nazi ezinye zeemeko ezinokuchaphazela umlomo wesibeleko:

• Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko: Ukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza emlonyeni wesibeleko. Eyona nto ibangela oku kusulelo lwe-HPV .
• I-Cervical dysplasia: Oku kukukhula okungaqhelekanga kweeseli. Eyona nto ibangela oku kusulelo lwe-HPV. Ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba yi-cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Nangona i-cervical dysplasia ingasoloko isiya ekubeni ngumhlaza womlomo wesibeleko, ngamanye amaxesha inokuya ekubeni ngumhlaza womlomo wesibeleko.
• I-Cervicitis :Ukudumba komlomo wesibeleko. Oku kunokubangelwa sisifo esidluliselwa ngesondo, ukudumba kolusu, okanye i-allergy. Izifo ezifana ne-chlamydia, i-gonorrhea, i-herpes, kunye ne -trichomoniasis zinokubangela oku. Ukudumba komlomo wesibeleko kunokubangelwa nayimpendulo kwiipilisi zokulawula ukuzalwa .
• Iipolyps zomlomo wesibeleko, iifibroids, kunye neecysts: Ezi zizityalo ezingenabungozi okanye iicysts ezizaliswe lulwelo ezikhula emlonyeni wesibeleko. Iicysts zaseNabothian lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwecyst yomlomo wesibeleko.
• I-ectropion yomlomo wesibeleko: Le yimeko engenabungozi. Okwenzekayo apha kukuba iiseli ze-glandular ezingaphakathi komlomo wesibeleko ziqala ukubonakala ngaphandle.
• Iingxaki zomlomo wesibeleko ngexesha lokukhulelwa:
• Ukungakwazi kakuhle komlomo wesibeleko: Le yingxaki eyenzeka ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Okwenzekayo apha kukuba umlomo wesibeleko uvuleka kwangethuba kakhulu. Oku kunokukhokelela ekuphunzeni kwesisu nasekuzalweni ngaphambi kwexesha. Le meko yayibizwa ngokuba yi-"incompetent cervix".
• I-Placenta previa: Oku kuxa i-placenta, enika ukutya kwi-fetus, igubungela inxalenye okanye ngokupheleleyo umlomo wesibeleko. Kuloo mithi yokukhulelwa, kwenziwa utyando lotyando (utyando lwe-c-section).
• Ukukhulelwa komlomo wesibeleko: Le yingxaki engaqhelekanga yokukhulelwa. Oku kwenzeka xa iqanda lifakwa kumjelo we-endocervical endaweni yodonga lwesibeleko.

Ziziphi iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zezifo zomlomo wesibeleko?

Iimeko ezininzi zomlomo wesibeleko azinazo iimpawu ezibonakalayo. Umzekelo, i-cervical dysplasia kunye nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko wasekuqaleni zisenokungabi nazo iimpawu ezibonakalayo. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba wenze i-Pap smears rhoqo ukujonga ukukhula okungaqhelekanga kweeseli. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unayo iimpawu, zingabandakanya:

• Ukopha okungaqhelekanga kwilungu lobufazi: Izinto ezifana nokopha kakhulu xa usexesheni okanye ukopha phakathi kwexesha lokuya exesheni.
• Ukukhupha isisu: Ukukhupha isisu okunokuba ngamanzi okanye igazi , okungenavumba okanye okunevumba.
• Ukuziva udiniwe , ungakhululekanga, okanye ungaphili kakuhle.
• Intlungu xa uchama.

Ndingazi njani ukuba kukho ingxaki kumlomo wesibeleko sam?

Usenokungazi. Uninzi lwexesha, ugqirha wakho akayi kwazi ukuba unengxaki ngaphandle kokuba afumanise into engaqhelekanga ngexesha lovavanyo lwe-pelvic okanye i-Pap smear. Musa ukulinda ukuba kuvele iimpawu. Hlola rhoqo.

Ziziphi iimvavanyo eziqhelekileyo ezenziwayo ukujonga impilo yomlomo wesibeleko?

Uvavanyo lwe-pelvic rhoqo kunye ne-Pap smears zezona ndlela ziqhelekileyo zokujonga umlomo wesibeleko sakho. Ugqirha wakho unokuyalela ezinye iimvavanyo ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho. Ezinye iimvavanyo eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

• Uvavanyo lwe-pelvic: Ugqirha uza kuhlola umlomo wesibeleko ngamehlo nangezandla (ngeminwe yakhe) ukujonga naziphi na iingxaki.
• I-Pap smear: Ugqirha uthatha isampuli yeeseli zomlomo wesibeleko sakho aze ayithumele kwilebhu ukuze ajonge umhlaza okanye iiseli ezingaphambi komhlaza. Uvavanyo lwe-HPV lusebenzisa inkqubo efanayo. Lukhangela iimpawu zentsholongwane ye-HPV.
• I-Colposcopy: Ugqirha usebenzisa imakroskopu ekhethekileyo ekhanyisiweyo ukujonga ngokusondeleyo izicubu ezikwisibeleko sakho. Ukuba kukho into ekrokrisayo, isampuli yezicubu ingathathwa ize ivavanywe kwilebhu.
• Umzobo we-pelvic: Ugqirha wakho unokuyalela uvavanyo lomfanekiso ukuze ajonge kakuhle umlomo wesibeleko sakho. Ii-ultrasounds zezona ndlela ziqhelekileyo zomfanekiso ezisetyenziswa ukujonga umlomo wesibeleko sakho. Nangona kunjalo, imifanekiso ye-magnetic resonance (MRIs) kunye ne-computed tomography (CT) scans nazo zingasetyenziswa.
• I-Biopsy: Ugqirha usenokuthatha isampuli yezicubu zomlomo wesibeleko ukujonga iimpawu zomhlaza. Inkqubo yokususwa kwezicubu nge-electrosurgical excision (LEEP), i-conization/cone biopsy, kunye ne-endocervical curettage (ECC) zezinye zeendlela ze-biopsy ugqirha anokuzisebenzisa.

Ziziphi iindlela eziqhelekileyo zonyango lwezifo zomlomo wesibeleko?

I-Cervicitis ebangelwa ziibhaktheriya idla ngokunyangwa ngee-antibiotics. Uvavanyo olufana ne-LEEP kunye ne-cone biopsy, ezisetyenziselwa ukujonga iiseli ezingaqhelekanga ezinokuba ziimpawu zomhlaza, ngokwenene ziindlela zonyango. Zisusa izicubu ezineeseli zomhlaza. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho, ugqirha wakho angasebenzisa i-cryotherapy, ubushushu, okanye umbane ukutshabalalisa iiseli ezingaqhelekanga kwisibeleko sakho. Unyango lomhlaza wesibeleko lungabandakanya utyando, unyango lwe-radiation, i-chemotherapy, unyango olujoliswe kumayeza, kunye ne-immunotherapy.

Iingcebiso ezilula zokuphila ukuze ugcine umlomo wakho wesibeleko usempilweni

Umlomo wesibeleko wakho sisitho esincinci, kodwa unempembelelo enkulu kwimpilo yakho iyonke, ngexesha lokukhulelwa nangexesha lokubeleka. Ngokulandela la macebiso, ungawugcina umlomo wesibeleko wakho usempilweni.

• Fumana ugonyo lwe-HPV: I-FDA ivumile ugonyo oluthathu oluthintela iintlobo ze-HPV ezibangela umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko: iGardasil®, iGardasil 9®, kunye neCervarix®. Ukufumana olu gonyo kunokunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko.
• Zihlole rhoqo i-HPV kunye nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko: Ngokwemigaqo eqhelekileyo, kufuneka wenze uvavanyo lwakho lokuqala lwe-Pap xa uneminyaka engama-21 ubudala uze emva koko wenze uvavanyo lwe-Pap rhoqo emva kweminyaka emithathu ukuya kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini. Kufuneka wenze uvavanyo lwe-Pap kunye novavanyo lwe-HPV rhoqo emva kweminyaka emihlanu phakathi kweminyaka engama-30 ukuya kwengama-65 ubudala. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba kufuneka uhlolwe kangaphi, kuxhomekeke kwimpilo yakho.
• Ziqhelise ngesondo elikhuselekileyo: Sebenzisa iikhondom okanye iidam zamazinyo rhoqo ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo, isondo lempundu, okanye isondo lomlomo. Musa ukwabelana ngezinto zokudlala ngesondo, kwaye unciphise inani lamaqabane okwabelana ngesondo onawo. Ukuthatha la manyathelo kunokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokufumana izifo ezidluliselwa ngesondo (ii-STI), ezifana ne-HPV, eyonyusa umngcipheko wakho womhlaza womlomo wesibeleko.
• Ziphephe iimveliso zecuba: Uphando lubonise ukuba ukuba utshaya okanye usebenzisa iimveliso zecuba, unokuba sengozini enkulu yokuba nosulelo lwe-HPV lube ngumhlaza.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Umlomo wesibeleko wakho sisitho esincinci esinempembelelo enkulu kwimpilo yakho ngexesha lokukhulelwa nobomi bakho bonke. Lumka kakuhle umlomo wesibeleko sakho ngokufumana i-HPV gonyo kwaye ubone ugqirha wakho rhoqo ukuze kwenziwe uvavanyo lwe-Pap. Uninzi lwexesha, umzimba wakho awuyi kubonisa zimpawu okanye iimpawu ezibonisa ukuba unokukhula okungaqhelekanga kumlomo wesibeleko sakho. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunokunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba afumane naziphi na iingxaki kwangethuba. Ngoko ungalibali ukunyamekela oku.