Molo! Unjani? Kule mihla, umkhuhlane kunye nomkhuhlane kusasazeka kuyo yonke indawo. Ngamanye amaxesha ngumkhuhlane nje oqhelekileyo, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha unokuba yinto enzima ngakumbi. Le yenye yezinto esiza kuthetha ngazo namhlanje, 'umkhuhlane' okanye, ngokwezonyango, '(umkhuhlane)'. Abantu abaninzi babiza ngokuba 'ngumkhuhlane wentsholongwane'. Ngoko ke, makhe sibone iinkcukacha ezichanekileyo malunga nalo 'mkhuhlane'.
Yintoni le 'flu' (umkhuhlane)?
Ngamafutshane, 'umkhuhlane' sisifo esibangelwa
yintsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yi '(Influenza)' engena emzimbeni wethu. Sisifo esosulelayo. Xa ufumana 'umkhuhlane', ufumana iimpawu ezifana nentloko ebuhlungu, iintlungu zomzimba, umphimbo obuhlungu, kunye nomkhuhlane. Ikwachaphazela inkqubo yokuphefumla, ngoko ke unokufumana izinto ezifana nokukhohlela kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla. Ngamanye amaxesha ezi mpawu
zinokuba nzima ngakumbi kwaye zibe nzima. Ingakumbi ngexesha lemozulu ebandayo, oko kukuthi, ngexesha lasebusika, lo 'mkhuhlane' usasazeka kakhulu. Emva koko abantu abaninzi banokuwufumana ngaxeshanye. Siwubiza ngokuba yi-bhubhane.
Leliphi ixesha eliqhelekileyo lomkhuhlane enyakeni?
Ixesha lomkhuhlane lixesha apho inani lamatyala omkhuhlane linyuka khona. Kumazwe akumantla e-hemisphere (njenge-United States), eli xesha lithathwa njengeliqala ngo-Okthobha ukuya kuMeyi.
Inani eliphezulu lamatyala lixelwa phakathi kukaDisemba noFebruwari. Kwilizwe lethu, nangona amatyala omkhuhlane ebonakala phantse unyaka wonke, ukusasazeka kwesi sifo kuyanda xa kubanda kwaye kunemvula.
Ixhaphake kangakanani i-flu?
Umkhuhlane
sisifo esixhaphakileyo. Kwanakwilizwe elifana neMelika, kuqikelelwa ukuba phakathi kwezigidi ezingama-20 ukuya kwezingama-40 zabantu bafumana umkhuhlane ngexesha ngalinye lomkhuhlane. Ngoko khawucinge ukuba oku kusasazeka ngokukhawuleza kangakanani.
Yintoni umahluko phakathi 'kweFlu' kunye nomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo?
Abantu abaninzi bayabhidanisa ezi zinto zimbini. Oku kungenxa yokuba zombini i-flu kunye ne-common cold zinokuba neempawu ezifanayo, ezifana nempumlo egobhozayo kunye nokukhwehlela.
Kodwa umahluko ophambili kukuba iimpawu ze-common cold zihlala zincinci kwaye ziphele kwiintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu. Kodwa iimpawu ze-flu zinokuba nzima ngakumbi, zinokuba nzima, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zinokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu. Enye into ebalulekileyo kukuba ezi zifo zimbini zibangelwa ziintlobo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zeentsholongwane.
Ndingaqiniseka njani ukuba ndine-'Flu' okanye `(COVID-19)'?
Lo ngumbuzo abantu abaninzi abawubuzayo. Kuba iimpawu zomkhuhlane kunye ne-COVID-19 zinokufana kakhulu. Ke ngoko,
indlela ekuphela kwayo yokwazi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba unayo na i-flu okanye i-COVID-19 kukuvavanya. Zombini ezi zifo zinomngcipheko weengxaki ezinkulu. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba ezi zifo zimbini zibangelwa ziintsholongwane ezahlukeneyo, oogqirha basebenzisa amayeza ahlukeneyo ukunyanga.
Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokufumana iingxaki ezinkulu ngenxa yomkhuhlane?
Abantu abaneengxaki ezithile zempilo basengozini enkulu yokufumana iingxaki ezinkulu ngenxa yomkhuhlane, nto leyo ethetha ukuba banokufuna ukulaliswa esibhedlele. Ukuba unenye yezi meko zilandelayo, usengozini enkulu:
- Ukuba une -asthma , i-COPD , okanye esinye isifo semiphunga esingapheliyo.
- Ukuba unembali yesifo sezintso, sesibindi, senkqubo yemithambo-luvo, sentliziyo, okanye semithambo yegazi, kuquka imeko efana `(stroke)`.
- Ukuba unesifo esibangela iingxaki ekusebenzeni kwezihlunu, okanye esenza kube nzima ukukhohlela, ukuginya, okanye ukucima ulwelo olufana ne-mucus kwindlela yokuphefumla.
- Une `(Isifo Seswekile)` ( Ukuba unesifo seswekile .
- Ukuba inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela ibuthathaka (umzekelo, ngenxa ye-HIV/AIDS, umhlaza, okanye ukusebenzisa amayeza okunciphisa umzimba).
- Ukuba unesifo segazi esifana nesifo se-sickle cell.
- Ukuba i-BMI yakho (Body Mass Index) ingaphezulu kwama-30, oko kuthetha ukuba unesifo sokutyeba kakhulu .
- Ukuba ungaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala okanye ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala.
- Ukuba ukhulelwe.
- Ukuba ungaphantsi kweminyaka eli-19 ubudala kwaye uthatha i-aspirin rhoqo.
- Ukuba uhlala kwindawo yokhathalelo lwexesha elide njengekhaya labalupheleyo.
Zithini iimpawu 'zomkhuhlane'?
Iimpawu zomkhuhlane zihlala
zibonakala ngequbuliso. Nazi iimpawu eziphambili:
- Ifiva
- Ukugodola
- Iintlungu zomzimba, iintlungu zemisipha
- Ukukhwehlela
- Intloko ebuhlungu
- Umqala obuhkungu
- Impumlo egobhozayo okanye ukuxinana (`(ukuxinana)`)
- Ukudinwa kakhulu, ukuziva ubuthathaka
- Urhudo okanye ukuhlanza (oku kuxhaphake kakhulu kubantwana abancinci)
Akunyanzelekanga ukuba ube nazo zonke ezi mpawu ngaxeshanye. Abanye abantu basenokuba nazo ezimbalwa kuphela.
Yintoni ebangela umkhuhlane?
Umkhuhlane ubangelwa yintsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(Influenza)`. Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zale ntsholongwane ezisulela abantu. Ziyi-`(Influenza A)`, `(Influenza B)` kunye ne-`(Influenza C)`. Kwezi, `(Influenza A)` kunye ne-`(B)` zezona ntlobo zimbini zixhaphakileyo ngokwexesha lonyaka (oko kukuthi, ngexesha lasebusika) kwaye zinokubangela iimpawu eziqatha. Iimpawu zentsholongwane ye-`(Influenza C)` azisoloko zimbi kangako, kwaye ayisiyontsholongwane yexesha lonyaka. Amatyala axelwa phantse unyaka wonke. Usenokuba ukhe weva nge-`(H1N1)` ("umkhuhlane weengulube") kunye ne-`(umkhuhlane weentaka)`. Zombini ziintlobo zentsholongwane ye-`(Influenza A)`.
Ingaba umkhuhlane uyasulela?
Ewe, umkhuhlane ngokuqinisekileyo sisifo esosulelayo. Oko kuthetha ukuba usasazeka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Umntu omnye onomkhuhlane unokosulela omnye okanye ababini abanye abantu.
Umkhuhlane usasazeka njani?
Intsholongwane yomkhuhlane isasazeka ngokudibana ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo nomntu osulelekileyo. Kukho iindlela ezininzi eziphambili zokudluliselwa komkhuhlane:
- Xa umntu okufutshane ekhohlela, ethimla, okanye ethetha: Amathontsi anokufika ezandleni zakho, okanye anokuhamba emoyeni aze angene empumlweni okanye emlonyeni wakho. Intsholongwane inokuhamba iye emiphungeni yakho.
- Ngokuchukumisa indawo enentsholongwane uze uchukumise ubuso bakho, impumlo, umlomo, okanye amehlo: Imizekelo yoku ibandakanya izibambo zomnyango, iidesika, iikhompyutha kunye neefowuni.
- Ngokuchukumisa izandla okanye ubuso bomntu onesifo somkhuhlane uze uchukumise ubuso bakho, impumlo, umlomo, okanye amehlo.
Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba umntu abe nomkhuhlane emva kokuba echaphazeleke yintsholongwane?
Ukuba wosulelwe yintsholongwane, iimpawu zihlala zibonakala
kwiintsuku enye ukuya kwezine emva kokudibana nayo. Eli xesha libizwa ngokuba yi-"incubation period".
Ungawufumanisa njani umkhuhlane?
Ugqirha wakho uza kuyixilonga i-flu ngokubuza ngeempawu zakho aze athathe isampuli ye-mucus empumlweni yakho. Baza kufaka i-swab ethambileyo, ende, ene-cotton-tip (`(swab)`) empumlweni yakho ukuze bajonge i-`(influenza)` virus. Ezinye iimvavanyo zinokukunika iziphumo kwimizuzu embalwa. Okanye ugqirha wakho angathumela isampuli kwilebhu, enokuthatha usuku okanye ezimbini ukufumana iziphumo.
Inyangwa njani i-flu?
Kwezinye iimeko, oogqirha banokunyanga umkhuhlane ngamayeza okulwa neentsholongwane. La mayeza anokunciphisa umngcipheko wokugula aze anciphise ixesha lokugula kwakho. Kodwa abantu abaninzi banokuphela umkhuhlane ngaphandle kokuthatha amayeza kagqirha. Oogqirha banika amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane xa:
- Ukuba uneempawu ezingaphantsi kweeyure ezingama-48 emva kokuba ziqalile: La mayeza asenokungasebenzi kakuhle ukuba uwaqala emva kweentsuku ezimbini emva kokuba iimpawu zakho ziqalile. Oku kungenxa yokuba ngelo xesha intsholongwane sele ivelise iikopi ezininzi kwaye umzimba wakho sele uqalile ukwenza ii-antibodies zawo zokulwa nayo.
- Ukuba unesifo esithile esingabonakaliyo, okanye ukuba usemngciphekweni wokufumana esi sifo: Kwezi meko, oogqirha banokukunika amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane, nokuba iimpawu bezikho kangangeeyure ezingaphezu kwama-48.
- Ukuba uneempawu eziqatha, nokuba sele kudlule iiyure ezingaphezu kwama-48 ukususela oko wagula.
- Ukuba uhlala okanye ukhathalela abantu abasengozini yokufumana iingxaki ezinkulu ngenxa yomkhuhlane.
Ngawaphi amayeza 'omkhuhlane'?
Kukho amayeza amaninzi e-antiviral omkhuhlane:
- (I-Oseltamivir phosphate): Usenokuba ukhe weva ngale nto phantsi kwegama lophawu `(Tamiflu®)`. Iza ngendlela yeepilisi okanye ulwelo kwaye ithathwa ngomlomo. Idla ngokuthathwa iintsuku ezininzi.
- I-Zanamivir: Le iphantsi kwegama lebrendi iRelenza®. Ifuthwa ngomlomo kusetyenziswa i-inhaler. Idla ngokuthathwa iintsuku ezininzi. Nangona kunjalo, ayikhuthazwa kubantu abaneengxaki zokuphefumla ezifana ne-asthma okanye i-COPD.
- I-Peramivir: Le ifumaneka phantsi kwegama lebrendi iRapivap®. Eli liyeza elinikwa ngugqirha wakho ngqo emthanjeni (IV). Lidla ngokunikwa ngedosi enye.
- (I-Baloxavir marboxil): Oku kuza phantsi kwegama lophawu `(Xofluza®)`. Kuthathwa ngomlomo njengepilisi okanye ulwelo. Udinga ukuthatha idosi enye kuphela. Nangona kunjalo, akukhuthazwa ukuba ukhulelwe, uncancisa, ulaliswe esibhedlele, okanye uneengxaki ezithile ezingapheliyo.
Kubalulekile: Ngaphambi kokuba uqale naliphi na iyeza lokulwa neentsholongwane, kufuneka wazise ugqirha wakho ngazo naziphi na ezinye iingxaki zempilo onazo.
Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango
Iyeza ngalinye elilwa neentsholongwane linokuba nemiphumo eyahlukileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ezona miphumo zixhaphakileyo sisicaphucaphu kunye norhudo. Amayeza afunxwayo ngamanye amaxesha anokubangela i-bronchospasm, imeko apho iindlela zomoya zincipha ngequbuliso zize zivaleke.
Ungayilawula njani iimpawu zomkhuhlane ekhaya?
Abantu abaninzi banokukwazi ukulawula iimpawu zomkhuhlane ekhaya besebenzisa amayeza athengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha (OTC) kunye nezinye iindlela zonyango zasekhaya, ngaphandle kokufuna unyango. Nazi ezinye zazo:
- Phumla kakuhle.
- Sela iziselo ezininzi, ezinje ngamanzi nomhluzi , ukuze uthintele ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni .
- Ukuba uneentlungu zomzimba, sebenzisa iibhotile zamanzi ashushu okanye iipakethe zokufudumala.
- Ungathatha amayeza okuthomalalisa iintlungu anjenge `(acetaminophen)` (umz. `(Tylenol®)`), okanye `(NSAIDs)` (umz. `(Advil®)`, `(Motrin®)`, `(Aleve®)`) ukunciphisa umkhuhlane kunye nokunciphisa iintloko ezibuhlungu kunye neentlungu zomzimba.
- Izinto zokunciphisa ukuxinana kwegazi (umz., i-phenylephrine, i-pseudoephedrine) zingasetyenziswa njenge-spray okanye zithathwe ngomlomo ukuze kuthomalaliswe impumlo egobhozayo okanye impumlo evalekileyo.
- Izithinteli zokukhwehlela (i-antitussives) (umz. i-dextromethorphan) zingasetyenziswa ukulawula ukukhwehlela rhoqo.
- Ungasebenzisa amayeza (`(expectorants)`) (umz. `(guaifenesin)`) anceda ekukhupheni i-mucus emiphungeni ngokulula.
Kubalulekile: Ayizizo zonke ii-OTC medications ezifanelekileyo kumntu wonke. Ngoko ke hlala ujongana nogqirha wakho okanye ne-pharmacist ngaphambi kokuba usebenzise naliphi na iyeza. Kwakhona, qiniseka ukuba alichasani nezinye ii-medications okanye izongezo ozithathayo. Musa ukunika abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-16 ubudala i-aspirin ngaphandle kokubonisana nogqirha kuqala.
Ungakuthintela njani ukufumana umkhuhlane?
Eyona ndlela ilungileyo neyona ibalulekileyo yokuzikhusela kumkhuhlane kukufumana ugonyo lomkhuhlane rhoqo ngonyaka. Olu gonyo lunokunikwa njengenaliti okanye njengespray yempumlo. Intsholongwane yomkhuhlane inokutshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukufumana ugonyo olutsha rhoqo ngonyaka.
Kukho ezinye iindlela zokunciphisa umngcipheko wokufumana umkhuhlane:
- Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha namanzi rhoqo. Ukuba isepha namanzi azifumaneki, sebenzisa isicoci sezandla esisekelwe kutywala.
- Gquma impumlo yakho nomlomo xa ukhohlela okanye uthimla. Ukuba ukhohlela okanye uthimla, yenza njalo ngengqiniba yakho okanye kwithishu, endaweni yokuyifaka ngqo esandleni sakho.
- Hlala kude nabanye abantu ukuba wena okanye omnye umntu unesifo esosulelayo esifana nomkhuhlane. Ukuba uyagula kwaye kufuneka ube phakathi kwabanye abantu, nxiba imaski.
- Kuphephe ukuchukumisa ubuso bakho, amehlo, impumlo, nomlomo rhoqo.
- Musa ukwabelana ngokutya, iziselo, izitya, okanye izinto zokutya nabanye.
Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ufumana umkhuhlane?
Uninzi lwabantu lunokulawula iimpawu zomkhuhlane ekhaya baze baphile kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ukuya kwiveki. Nangona kunjalo, kunokuba yinto enzulu, ngoko
ke kubalulekile ukujonga iimpawu zakho kwaye ufumane ingcebiso kagqirha ukuba kuyimfuneko. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uneengxaki zempilo ezingabonakaliyo. Ukuba unomkhuhlane, kungcono ukuhlala kude nabanye abantu, ngaphandle kokufuna unyango.
Umkhuhlane ukho ixesha elingakanani?
Umkhuhlane unokuhlala iintsuku ezimbalwa ukuya kwiiveki ezimbini. Iimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane kunye neentlungu zomzimba zibonakala ngequbuliso, kodwa ziphela ngokukhawuleza kunezinye iimpawu. Ukukhohlela okanye impumlo egobhozayo inokuhlala ixesha elide.
Ihlala ixesha elingakanani intsholongwane isasazeka?
Ungasasaza umkhuhlane komnye umntu ukususela ngosuku olungaphambi kokuba uqale ukuba neempawu zomkhuhlane ukuya kuthi ga kwiveki emva kokuba iimpawu ziqalile.
Ixesha elosulelayo kakhulu ziintsuku zokuqala ezintathu ukuya kwezine emva kokuba iimpawu ziqalile.Abantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka kunye nabantwana abancinci banokusuleleka ixesha elide.
Ndingabuyela nini emsebenzini/esikolweni?
Ukuze uthintele ukusasaza umkhuhlane kwabanye, kufuneka ubuyele emsebenzini okanye esikolweni
emva kokuba ubungenawo umkhuhlane ubuncinane iiyure ezingama-24 ngaphandle kokuthatha amayeza okunciphisa umkhuhlane. Indawo yakho yokusebenza okanye isikolo sakho sinokuba nemithetho eyahlukileyo.
Iingxaki zomkhuhlane
Intsholongwane yomkhuhlane ngokwayo inokubangela iingxaki, okanye intsholongwane ingenza buthathaka amasosha omzimba wakho kwaye ivumele iintsholongwane ukuba zosulele amalungu ahlukeneyo omzimba wakho (usulelo lwesibini). Ezi ngxaki kunye nosulelo lwesibini ziquka:
- Usulelo lwendlebe (`(Usulelo lwendlebe)`)
- Usulelo lweSinus (`(Usulelo lweSinus)`)
- Usulelo olubi kakhulu lwemiphunga (i-pneumonia). I-pneumonia inokubangela i-acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) kunye nezinye iimeko ezisongela ubomi.
- Ukuphuma kwezisu ngexesha lokukhulelwa
- Ukuvela kweziphene zetyhubhu ye-neural (NTDs) kwimveku ekhula esibelekweni sikamama okhulelweyo.
Bangaphi abantu abafa ngenxa yomkhuhlane?
Kwilizwe elifana neMelika, ngexesha eliqhelekileyo lomkhuhlane, kuqikelelwa ukuba phakathi kwabantu abangama-20,000 nama-50,000 bayafa ngenxa yomkhuhlane minyaka le. Abanye abantu abangama-300,000 ukuya kuma-500,000 bafakwa esibhedlele ngenxa yezifo ezinzulu. Ngoko ke oku akuyonto ifanele ithathwe lula, akunjalo?
Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?
Ukuba ucinga ukuba uneflu,
kubalulekile ukuba uhlolwe kwangethuba. Ukuba ugqirha wakho unika amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane, anokuba luncedo ngakumbi. Bona ugqirha ngoko nangoko ukuba:
- Ukuba uneempawu zomkhuhlane kwaye unesifo esithile esikubangela ukuba ube sengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa sesi sifo.
- Ukuba iimpawu zakho aziphucuki emva kweentsuku ezisi-7 ukuya kwezili-10, okanye ukuba unomkhuhlane kangangeentsuku ezingaphezu kwezintathu.
- Ukuba ukhulelwe kwaye unemfiva okanye ezinye iimpawu 'zomkhuhlane'.
Ndingaya nini kwigumbi likaxakeka ( ETU )?
Ukuba unezinye zeempawu ezinzulu ezilandelayo, yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka okanye ufumane uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza:
- Umkhuhlane ophezulu (ngaphezulu kwe-103 Fahrenheit/40 Celsius).
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla.
- Akukho okanye kuphuma umchamo omncinci kakhulu.
- Intlungu engapheliyo esifubeni okanye esiswini.
- Ukudinwa rhoqo.
- Ukudideka (`(Ukudideka)`).
- Intlungu okanye ubuthathaka obukhulu bemisipha.
- Ukuxhuzula (`(Ukuxhuzula)`). (Oops, " Ukuphazamiseka " sisiTamil. Ilungiswe ukuya kwiSinhala: " / (`(Ukuxhuzula)`)").
- Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka wolusu, imilebe, okanye iinzipho (i-cyanosis) - Oku kungaba luphawu lokuba amanqanaba e-oksijini aphantsi egazini okanye kwizicubu zakho.
- Ukuba umkhuhlane okanye ukukhohlela kuya kuphola uze ubuye.
- Ukuba ezinye iimeko zakho zempilo ziya zisiba mandundu.
Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?
- Ndingawathatha njani amayeza am?
- Ngawaphi amayeza athengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume ('athengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume') endingawasebenzisa?
- Ndingazinyanga njani iimpawu zam ekhaya?
- Zeziphi iimpawu ezinzima ekufuneka ndizijonge?
- Ndingaya nini kwigumbi likaxakeka?
- Ndingabuya nini ndize kukubona kwakhona?
- Kuza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba ndiphile?
Ingaba 'umkhuhlane wesisu' ubizwa ngokuba yi-'(influenza)'?
Hayi. Isifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-`(Gastroenteritis)` sisifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-`stomach flu'. Asibangelwa yintsholongwane ye-`(Influenza)`. Asinanto yakwenza ne-`seasonal flu'.
Okokugqibela, umyalezo oya ekhaya:
Nangona umkhuhlane sisifo esiqhelekileyo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba unokubangela iingxaki ezisongela ubomi.
Ukufumana inaliti yomkhuhlane yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzikhusela ekuguleni nasekukhuseleni abantu obathandayo kunye nabamelwane bakho. Ukuba uneengxaki zempilo ezifihlakeleyo okanye ukhulelwe, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga neendlela zokunciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokufumana umkhuhlane. Ukufumana umkhuhlane akuyonto imnandi, kodwa abantu abaninzi banokuphila kuwo ngokuhlala ekhaya, mhlawumbi ubukele imovie entle okanye usele isuphu yenkukhu. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela izinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko.
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