Ukhathalelo lweemveku ezisandul’ ukuzalwa esibhedlele: Oomama nooTata, Yazini Ezi Zinto!

Okokuqala, ndiyavuyisana nawe ngokufika komntwana wakho emhlabeni! Eli lixesha elihle nelinzima ebomini bakho nalo ndwendwe mtsha. Ngoko ke, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngento eyenzekayo esibhedlele emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe, unyango olufunyanwa ngumntwana, kunye novavanyo oluqhutywayo. Ukuzazi ezi zinto kwangaphambili kuya kuba luncedo olukhulu kuwe njengomzali omtsha.

Kwenzeka ntoni kwangoko emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe?

Khawucinge nje, kwangoko nje ukuba umntwana afike kweli hlabathi, iqela loogqirha kunye nabongikazi likulungele ukujonga impilo-ntle yomntwana. Nangona uninzi lweentsana luzalwa lusempilweni, ezinye iintsana zinokufuna uncedo oluncinci.

Ngoko ke, izinto eziphambili ekufuneka zenziwe emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe zezi:

• Uvavanyo lwe-Apgar: Olu vavanyo lujonga imeko yempilo yosana kunye nokuba lufuneka na unyango olukhawulezileyo.
• Ugonyo lweVitamin K: Olu lugonyo olubaluleke kakhulu kwiintsana.
• Amayeza asetyenziswa emehlweni : Oku kwenzelwa ukukhusela amehlo omntwana kwiintsholongwane.

Emva koko, ngaphambi kokuba umntwana wakho athunyelwe ekhaya, uza kunikwa ezinye iimvavanyo kunye nokugonywa okumbalwa. Konke oku kungenxa yokhuseleko lwakho kunye nosana lwakho.

Kutheni le nto umntwana enikwa ezi mvavanyo kunye nezitofu?

Ngoku makhe sibone ukuba kutheni sisenza konke oku.

Yintoni uvavanyo lwe-Apgar?

Le yindlela eyaziswa nguGqr. Virginia Apgar ngo-1952. Olu vavanyo lwenziwa ngomzuzu wokuqala nangemizuzu emihlanu emva kokuzalwa. Lugxila kwizinto ezintlanu. Kulula ukulikhumbula, njengoko igama elithi APGAR lisitsho:

• A – Inkangeleko ( umbala wolusu ): Umbala wolusu lomntwana uyajongwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba upinki okanye uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
• P – I-pulse (isantya sentliziyo): Isantya sentliziyo yomntwana siyalinganiswa.
• G – Grimace (Impendulo): Jonga indlela umntwana asabela ngayo kwi-stimulus encinci (umzekelo, ukucofa kancinci empumlweni).
• A – Umsebenzi (umsebenzi wezihlunu ): Jonga ukuba umntwana uyazishukumisa na iingalo nemilenze yakhe kwaye umzimba wakhe uyaphila na.
• R – Ukuphefumla: Jonga ukuba umntwana uphefumla kakuhle na okanye kukho nakuphi na ubunzima bokuphefumla.

Into nganye kwezi inikwa amanqaku angama-0, 1, okanye ama-2. Emva koko, amanqaku ongezwe kunye ukuze kubalwe amanqaku e-Apgar. Ngokubanzi, amanqaku angama-7 okanye ngaphezulu abonisa ukuba umntwana usempilweni entle . Nangona kunjalo, amanqaku ali-10 aphantsi kancinci. Oku kungenxa yokuba iintsana zinokuba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kancinci xa zizalwa zide zifudumale. Amanqaku aphantsi anokubonisa ingxaki yentliziyo okanye yemiphunga, ukuzalwa okunzima, okanye usana olungaphambi kwexesha. Kodwa khumbula,Eli nqaku le-Apgar alinakusetyenziswa ukwenza izigqibo malunga nempilo yomntwana kwixesha elizayo.

Ngamafutshane, oku kubhekiselele ekugcineni ubushushu bomzimba womntwana kunye nokugcina intliziyo yakhe kunye namazinga okuphefumla aqhelekileyo.

Ingaba ugonyo lweVitamin K lubalulekile?

Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo. Iintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa zihlala zinezinga eliphantsi levithamini K. Le vithamini K ibalulekile ekugayeni igazi . Ngoko ke, umntwana unikwa le gonyo yevithamini K kwangoko nje ukuba azalwe. Oku kunokukhusela umntwana kwimeko yokopha ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Hemorrhagic Disease of the Newborn", enokwenzeka kwiintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa, kodwa imbi ngakumbi.

Asetyenziselwa ntoni amathontsi amehlo?

Xa umntwana ezalwa, ezinye izifo ezibangelwa yintsholongwane zinokungena emehlweni ngomjelo wokuzalwa. Ukukhusela amehlo omntwana kwizifo ezinjalo, kufakwa amafutha okanye amaconsi asetyenziswa kunyango lwamehlo olulwa neentsholongwane .

Ziziphi ezinye iimvavanyo ezenziwayo ngaphambi kokuba umntwana athunyelwe ekhaya?

Ngaphambi kokuba umntwana abuyele ekhaya evela esibhedlele, kwenziwa uvavanyo oluninzi ukuqinisekisa impilo yakhe .

Uvavanyo loVavanyo lweeNtsana ezisandul' ukuzalwa

Olu luvavanyo olubaluleke kakhulu. Kukho ezinye iimeko zempilo ezingabonakaliyo ekuzalweni, kodwa zinokuba nzima kamva. Ngoko ke, ezi mvavanyo zinokubona ezo meko kwangethuba. Emva koko, unyango lunokuqaliswa kwangethuba kwaye isifo sinokulawulwa okanye sinyangeke.

Oku kuquka ukuthatha isampuli yegazi elincinci kwisithende somntwana (i-heel prick) aze alivavanye ukuze afumane izifo ezahlukeneyo. Nazi imizekelo embalwa:

• I-Phenylketonuria (PKU)
• I-Congenital Hypothyroidism ( i-thyroid gland engasebenzi kakuhle ekuzalweni)
• Isifo seSickle Cell
• Icystic fibrosis

Ngaba umntwana uyavavanywa ukuva? (Uvavanyo lokuva)

Ewe, ngoku yindlela eqhelekileyo kumazwe amaninzi ukuvavanya ukuva kwazo zonke iintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukufunyanwa kwangethuba kunye nonyango lokulahlekelwa kukuva kunokunceda ukuthintela iingxaki zentetho kunye nophuhliso lolwimi kwixesha elizayo. Ngexesha lovavanyo, i-earphone encinci okanye imakrofoni ifakwa endlebeni yomntwana kwaye ingqondo yomntwana ijongwa izandi. Umntwana kufuneka alale ukuze akwazi ukwenza olu vavanyo ngokuchanekileyo. Ukuba umntwana uyasilela kolu vavanyo, akuthethi ukuba umntwana akakwazi ukuva. Uvavanyo lunokufuneka luphindwe.

Ugonyo lweHepatitis B

Olu gonyo lukhusela umntwana kwintsholongwane yeHepatitis B. Olu gonyo lunokubangela umonakalo kwisibindi. Ugonyo lweHepatitis B lunikwa ngeedosi ezintathu. Udosi wokuqala udla ngokunikwa xa ezalwa. Ezinye iidosi ezimbini zinikwa xa eneminyaka eli-18 ubudala.

Uvavanyo lwentliziyo olukhethekileyo (Uvavanyo lwe-CCHD)

Isifo sentliziyo esiBalulekileyo (i-CCHD) liqela leengxaki zentliziyo ezinzulu ezikhoyo ekuzalweni. Ezi zinokuba yingozi ebomini kwaye zinokufuna ukungenelela kwezonyango ngexesha lobuntwana.

Ngoko ke, ukuze kufunyanwe ezi meko ze-CCHD kwangethuba, oku kwenziwa kunye nezinye iimvavanyo ngaphambi kokuba umntwana athunyelwe ekhaya evela esibhedlele. Oku kusebenzisa isixhobo esibizwa ngokuba yiPulse Oximeter (Pulse Ox) esenzelwe ngokukodwa iintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa. Kule nto, esinye isensa sijikeleziswa engalweni yomntwana kwaye esinye sijikele emlenzeni. Ngolu vavanyo, ezinye iintsana zinokufunyaniswa ukuba zine-CCHD ngaphambi kokuba kuvele iimpawu.

Ezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo kumntwana nakumama esibhedlele

Ukongeza kwiimvavanyo, kukho nezinye izinto ezenzekayo esibhedlele ukuqinisa ubudlelwane phakathi komntwana nonina kunye nokunceda uphuhliso lomntwana.

Ukudibana Kolusu Nolusu - "Ukhathalelo LweKangaroo"

Ukuba umntwana wakho uzelwe ngaphandle kweengxaki, abasebenzi bezonyango baza kumbeka esifubeni sakho ngokukhawuleza. Oku kubizwa ngokuba "kukunxibelelana kwesikhumba nolusu" okanye "ukhathalelo lwekangaroo." Oku kuneengenelo ezininzi:

• Kuya kunceda umntwana ukuba aqhele eli hlabathi litsha.
• Iyandisa ubisi lukamama.
• Inceda ekwenzeni ukuncancisa kube yimpumelelo ngakumbi.

Ukondla umntwana

Ngaphambi kokuba wena nomntwana wakho nithunyelwe ekhaya, oogqirha baya kuqinisekisa ukuba umntwana wakho uncancisa kakuhle. Ukuncancisa ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba nzima kunokuba ucinga, kodwa kukho iindlela ezininzi zokunceda. Ukuba unethemba lokuncancisa, fumana ukuba isibhedlele sakho sinomcebisi wokuncancisa na . Ungoyiki ukucela uncedo. Ugqirha wakho wezingane naye uluncedo kakhulu koku. Ngaphambi kokuba umntwana wakho athunyelwe ekhaya, baya kujonga nokuba umntwana wakho umanzi ubuncinane iinapkeni ezintathu okanye ezine kwiiyure ezingama-24 ezidlulileyo.

"Indle" yokuqala yomntwana (iMeconium)

Oogqirha bajonga ukuba umntwana uyayidlula na i-meconium kwiiyure ezingama-24 ukuya kuma-48 emva kokuzalwa. I-Meconium sisitulo esimnyama nesinamathelayo esidluliselwa lusana kwiintsuku zokuqala ukuya kwezintathu. Oku kuqhelekile, ngoko ungakhathazeki.

I-Jaundice kumntwana

Ulusu lomntwana lujongwa ukuba alunambala utyheli na. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-jaundice . Iintsana ezininzi ezisandul’ ukuzalwa ziba ne-jaundice ethile. Oku kubangelwa kukuqokelelana kwento ebizwa ngokuba yi-bilirubin egazini lomntwana. Ngamanye amaxesha, uvavanyo lunokwenziwa ukujonga inqanaba le-bilirubin ngaphambi kokuba aphume esibhedlele.

Ulwaluko - ukuba kuyimfuneko

Emva kosuku okanye ezimbini umntwana wakho ezelwe, ungamsoka umntwana wakho ukuba uyafuna. Le yindlela yotyando esusa ijwabu lelungu lobudoda lomntwana. Yenzelwa izizathu zonyango, zonqulo nezenkcubeko. Idla ngokwenziwa ngaphambi kokuba aphume esibhedlele.

Uza kuya nini ekhaya uvela esibhedlele?

Iintsana ezisempilweni nezilula zihlala zibuyela ekhaya zisuka esibhedlele kwiintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu . Nangona kunjalo, ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho nineengxaki okanye iingxaki zempilo, kunokufuneka nihlale esibhedlele iintsuku ezimbalwa.

Indlela yokunyamekela umntwana omncinci ekhaya?

Ukubuya esibhedlele nosana olusandul’ ukuzalwa kunokuba yinto eyonwabisayo neyoyikisayo. Abantu abaninzi baziva bengakulungelanga ukujongana nemingeni yokunyamekela usana olusandul’ ukuzalwa. Yinto eqhelekileyo leyo. Iintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa zinezidingo ezininzi, kwaye ukuzinyamekela kunokuba nzima kakhulu. Iimfuno zosana zilula, kodwa zibalulekile. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukubonelela umntwana wakho ngothando nenkathalo kwiinyanga zokuqala zobomi bakhe.

Kukho izinto onokuzenza ukuze uzilungiselele ngaphambi kokuba ugoduke. Cinga ngokuthatha iklasi yokhathalelo losana olusandul’ ukuzalwa ngelixa usakhulelwe. Nangona iklasi ingakulungeli yonke into, ungafunda ngezinto ezinje:

• Indlela yokutshintsha inapkeni yomntwana.
• Indlela yokuhlamba umntwana.
• Indlela yokunxiba umntwana.
• Indlela yokuncancisa nokuncancisa umntwana ngebhotile.
• Indlela yokugcina isikhondo sentamo yomntwana wakho sicocekile.
• Indlela yokunyamekela inxeba lokwaluka lide liphole.
• Indlela yokuthuthuzela umntwana.
• Indlela yokujonga umkhuhlane womntwana.
• Indlela yokubona iimpawu zesifo okanye usulelo.

Leliphi ixesha elifanelekileyo lokuthatha umntwana aye naye phandle?

Akukho mthetho ungqongqo nokhawulezayo malunga nokuba umntwana wakho umkhuphe nini ngaphandle. Ukuba umntwana wakho uphilile, ungamkhuphela ngaphandle nanini na xa ufuna. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka ulumke kakhulu. Gcina umntwana wakho kude nabantu abanokuba bayagula. Ekubeni inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela yomntwana wakho isakhula, kunokuba nzima ukuba alwe nezifo. Kwakhona, cela nabani na odibana nomntwana wakho ukuba ahlambe izandla zakhe.

Kungcono ulinde iinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba umntwana wakho amse kwiindawo ezinabantu abaninzi nezinabantu abaninzi. Emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa, umntwana wakho uya kube efumene ugonyo lwakhe lokuqala kwaye amajoni akhe omzimba aya kuba namandla okulwa neentsholongwane.

Ukuhlamba Komntwana Okokuqala

I-World Health Organisation (WHO) icebisa ukuba ulinde ubuncinane iiyure ezingama-24 ngaphambi kokuba umntwana wakho ahlambe okokuqala. Ngaphambili, iintsana zazihlanjwa kwangoko emva kokuzalwa. Nangona kunjalo, uphando lufumanise ukuba ukulibazisa ukuhlamba umntwana wakho okokuqala kunezi nzuzo zilandelayo:

• Inceda ekulawuleni ubushushu bomzimba womntwana.
• Ithintela ulusu ukuba lungatshi.
• Usenokuba nethuba elikhulu lokuncancisa ngempumelelo.

Abanye oogqirha bacebisa ukuba ulinde iveki ngaphambi kokuba uhlambe umntwana wakho. Oku kungenxa yokuba isikhondo sentambo yomntwana sidla ngokuwa kwiveki okanye ezimbini. Nangona kunjalo, ukuze ugcine intambo yomntwana yomile, ungamcoca umntwana wakho ngebhafu yesiponji.

Singathetha kancinci ngolusu lukamama olomileyo? (Ulusu olomileyo emva kokubeleka)

Oku akupheleli nje kumntwana, kodwa yingxaki eqhelekileyo koomama abatsha. Ngexesha lokukhulelwa, utshintsho kwiihomoni ezifana ne-estrogen kunye ne-progesterone lunokubangela ukuba ulusu lutshintshe kwaye lome. Ukwehla kwezi homoni emva kokubeletha kunokubangela nolusu olomileyo. Zama ezi zinto ukuze ufumane isiqabu:

• Sebenzisa isicoci esithambileyo solusu lwakho.
• Faka i-moisturizer engenamafutha engayi kuvala iimbobo zakho.
• Kuphephe ukuhlamba emanzini ashushu ixesha elide, nto leyo esusa amafutha endalo eluswini.
• Sela amanzi amaninzi.
• Sebenzisa isixhobo sokunyusa umswakama.

Kwenzeka ntoni kwi-placenta?

Emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe, ukhupha i-placenta. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yinqanaba lesithathu lokubeleka. Uninzi lwezibhedlele luphatha i-placenta njengenkunkuma yezonyango. Bayilahla kwibhegi enobungozi bezinto eziphilayo. Ezinye izibhedlele zigcina i-placenta okwethutyana xa kufuneka ivavanywe ngesizathu esithile.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Ukhathalelo lweentsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa esibhedlele yindlela entle yokunceda umntwana wakho aqhelane nobomi ngaphandle kwesibeleko. Uninzi lweentsana luzalwa ngaphandle kweengxaki ezinkulu zempilo, ngoko ke aludingi ncedo longezelelweyo. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iintsana zifuna ukungenelela kwezonyango emva nje kokuzalwa. Oogqirha benza novavanyo kunye novavanyo lweentsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba umntwana wakho ukulungele ukuya ekhaya. Emva koko, ungamthatha umntwana wakho omncinci uye naye ekhaya kwaye umnike uthando kunye nenkathalo ayidingayo ukuqala ubomi bakhe. Ekubeni konke oku kungamava amatsha, ungoyiki ukubuza oogqirha kunye nabongikazi ukuba unemibuzo. Bakho ukukunceda.

Ukhathalelo lweentsana ezisandul ’ ukuzalwa, usana olusandul’ ukuzalwa, ukhathalelo lwesibhedlele, uvavanyo lwe-Apgar, iVithamin K, uhlolo lweentsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa, ukuncancisa, i-jaundice, ukhathalelo lweentsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa, ukhathalelo lwesibhedlele, uvavanyo lwe-Apgar, iVithamin K, uhlolo lweentsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa, i-CCHD, i-meconium