Ngaba umntwana wakho akahlali ndaweni inye? Ngaba ubaleka njengomkhweli wesithuthuthu? Ngaba uyatsiba ngelixa uthetha? Kwabanye abazali, oku kuqhelekile kakhulu, kwaye kunokuba ngamava adinisayo kakhulu. Ngelixa abantu abaninzi becinga ukuba oku kukungakhathali komntwana okanye ukuba nenkani, ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba yinto enzulu ngakumbi. Namhlanje sithetha nge-ADHD, imeko enjalo.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-ADHD engasebenzi kakuhle neyi-Hyperactive?
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi eziphambili ze-Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-ADHD. I-Hyperactive-Impulsive ADHD, esithetha ngayo namhlanje, yenye yazo. Ibonakaliswa kukungazinzi, ukusebenza kakhulu, kunye nokuziphatha ngokungxama. Ngamafutshane, aba bantwana banotyekelo lokwenza izinto ngaphambi kokuba bacinge.
Ngaba umntwana wakho unengxaki yokuhlala engashukumi? Ngaba uthetha ngamaxesha angafanelekanga? Ezi zizinto esizibiza ngokuba kukusebenza kakhulu. Kwakhona, izinto ezinjengokutsiba xa uthetha okanye ukungalindi ithuba lakhe ngelixa edlala zinokubizwa ngokuba kukungashukumi.
Le meko inokwenzeka nakubantu abadala, kodwa ayixhaphakanga kangako ebantwaneni. Oku kuxhaphaka kakhulu kunokuncipha kancinci kancinci njengoko sikhula.
Zithini iimpawu zale meko? Uyibona njani?
Okokuqala, akunakwenzeka ukuqiniseka ukuba umntwana wakho une-ADHD ngovavanyo olunye kuphela. Ugqirha wakho uza kuqala azame ukuthintela ezinye izizathu ezinokubangela oku. Umzekelo, uxinzelelo oluvela kwiingxaki zosapho, ukungaboni kakuhle , okanye ukukhubazeka kokufunda kunokwenza kube nzima kumntwana ukuhlala egxile.
Xa ugqirha ekrokrela ukuba une-ADHD, uya kunika ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwezi mpawu zilandelayo. Ezi mpawu kufuneka zibe khona ubuncinane iinyanga ezi-6 .
| Iimpawu/Ukuziphatha | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Ukuzingisa/Ukuziqinisa | Ukungakwazi ukuhlala phantsi, ukushukuma rhoqo nokushukuma. |
| Ukuthetha Okungapheliyo | Incoko eqhubekayo engafanelekanga kweso sihlandlo. |
| Ukungathandi umsebenzi othuleyo | Ubunzima bokugxila kwimisebenzi efuna ukugxila kancinci, njengokufunda incwadi okanye ukuzoba umfanekiso. |
| Ukusebenza "okufana nemoto" | Ukubaleka ujikeleza ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye, ungakwazi ukuhlala phantsi. |
| Ukuvuka nokuhamba rhoqo | Ukuhlala uvuka kwindawo ohleli kuyo, ukhwela ezitulweni, etafileni, nakwifenitshala. |
| Ukungabi namonde | Ndilinde emgceni, andikwazi kulinda ithuba lakho. |
| Ukugqabhuka ngaphandle | Ukuphendula umbuzo ngaphambi kokuba ugqitywe, ukuveza izimvo ngamaxesha angafanelekanga. |
| Ukuphazamisa | Ukuphazamisa iincoko nemidlalo yabanye abantu. |
| Ukungazinaki iingozi | Ukusebenza ngaphandle kokuqonda iingozi zemeko ethile. |
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ayinguye wonke umntwana obalekayo aze adlale one-ADHD. Ukuze zibizwe ngokuba yi-ADHD, ezi mpawu kufuneka zibe nefuthe elicacileyo kubomi bomntwana obuqhelekileyo (njengomsebenzi wesikolo, ubudlelwane nabahlobo).
Ukuze afumanise ngokusemthethweni i-ADHD, ugqirha uya kuqwalasela ezinye izinto ezininzi:
- Sijonge ukuba ezi mpawu ziqale ngaphambi kokuba zibe neminyaka eli-12 ubudala na .
- Sijonga ukuba ezi mpawu azibonakalisi nje kuphela kwindawo enye (njengasekhaya), kodwa nakwiindawo ezininzi (njengasekhaya nasesikolweni) .
- Siyaqinisekisa ukuba akukho ngxaki yezonyango enokubangela ezi mpawu .
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-ADHD nezinye iintlobo?
Kukho olunye uhlobo oluphambili lwe-ADHD, olubizwa ngokuba yi-ADHD yokungakhathali . Uphawu oluphambili lolu hlobo kubunzima bokunikel’ ingqalelo. Khawuthelekelele, aba bantwana baphazanyiswa lula zezinye izinto, badla ngokubonakala ngathi bakwihlabathi lamaphupha, badla ngokulahlekelwa zizinto, benze iimpazamo ezincinci, kwaye banengxaki yokugqiba imisebenzi abayiqalayo. Kodwa ababonisi ukungazinzi okanye ukungxama okugqithisileyo njengohlobo lwe-Hyperactive-Impulsive esithethe ngalo ngaphambili.
Kodwa eneneni, abantu abaninzi banendibaniselwano yazo zombini ezi ntlobo. Ibizwa ngokuba yiCombined Type . Oko kuthetha ukuba banengxaki yokuhlala kwindawo enye kwaye kunzima ukugqiba izinto.
Kutheni le meko isenzeka?
Njengazo zonke iintlobo ze-ADHD, unobangela ochanekileyo awukacaci. Izazinzulu zithi kukho icandelo lemfuza . Oku kuthetha ukuba ii-genes ezidluliselwa kubazali ukuya ebantwaneni zinokudlala indima. Ukuba ilungu losapho elisondeleyo line-ADHD, umntwana unokuba nayo.
Ukongeza, kukho nezinye izinto ezininzi ezandisa umngcipheko:
- Umama utshaya okanye usela utywala ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
- Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha .
- Ukuzalwa unobunzima obuphantsi kakhulu.
- Ukutya izinto ezinobuthi ezifana nelothe ngexesha lobuntwana.
- Ukulimala kwengqondo.
Abazali abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba iswekile ibangela ukuba abantwana babe neentloni. Nangona kunjalo, akukho bungqina besayensi bokuba iswekile ibangela okanye iyayenza mandundu i-ADHD. Nangona kukho intetho malunga nonxibelelwano phakathi kwemibala yokwenziwa kunye nezithintelo (izongezo zokutya) kunye ne-ADHD, akukaqinisekiswa oko.
Iphathwa njani?
Kulungile, ngoku ekubeni imeko ifunyenwe, inyathelo elilandelayo lunyango. Isicwangciso sonyango siya kwahluka kumntwana ngamnye. Ngamanye amaxesha, kusenokufuneka uzame iindlela ezahlukeneyo ukufumana eyona ilungele umntwana wakho. OkuUhambo olusebenzisanayo phakathi kwakho, umntwana wakho, kunye nogqirha wakho.
Unyango ludla ngokuqala ngamayeza. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zamayeza.
1. Amayeza Okuvuselelayo
Nangona ezi zibizwa ngokuba "zii-stimulants," la mayeza awabakhuthazi abantwana abane-ADHD, kodwa ayabathomalalisa.
- I-Methylphenidate (umz. iRitalin, iConcerta)
- I-Dexmethylphenidate (umz., iFocalin)
- ILisdexamfetamine (umz. Vyvanse)
- Amayeza ohlobo lwe-Amphetamine (umz. i-Adderall)
Ezi ziza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, njengeepilisi, ulwelo, kunye namabala esikhumba. Asinguye wonke umntwana oza kuzuza kumayeza afanayo, ngoko ke ugqirha wakho uza kukhetha elona lifanelekileyo kumntwana wakho.
2. Amayeza Angavuseleliyo
Nangona ezi zingasebenzi ngokukhawuleza njengamayeza avuselelayo, zisenokuba nemiphumo emibi embalwa.
- I-Atomoxetine (iStrattera)
- IGuanfacine (Intuniv)
- I-Clonidine (iKapvay)
Ngamanye amaxesha amayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye nezinye izidambisi-ngxaki zinokunceda ukulawula iimpawu ze-ADHD.
Qaphela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zamayeza.
Xa usebenzisa amayeza, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto ngokukhululekileyo.
| Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo | Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezingaqhelekanga kodwa ezinzulu (xelela ugqirha ngoko nangoko) |
|---|---|
|
Iziphumo ezibi kakhulu ezifana nezi azixhaphakanga. Kodwa ukuba umntwana wakho ubonisa iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga, fowunela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko. Ugqirha uza kujonga rhoqo ubude bomntwana wakho, ubunzima bakhe, uxinzelelo lwegazi, kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo yakhe ngelixa esela amayeza.
Unyango lokuziphatha
Kunye namayeza, unyango lokuziphatha lubalulekile.Ingcali yezengqondo okanye ingcali yezonyango inceda umntwana ukuba abone aze alawule ukuziphatha kwakhe okungaphumliyo nokungakhathali.
- Ndiziqhelisa ukulandela imimiselo yemihla ngemihla.
- Inceda ekuphuculeni izakhono zentlalo.
- Inkqubo yemivuzo kunye nemiphumo iqaliswa kubazali nootitshala ukukhuthaza ukuziphatha okuhle kunye nokubonelela ngemiphumo yokuziphatha okubi.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-ADHD eqhutywa yi-Hyperactive-Impulsive ayisiyonto "imbi" okanye "embi" kumntwana, yimeko yempilo ekufuneka inyangwe.
- Ukuba unamathandabuzo malunga nokuziphatha komntwana wakho, musa ukuqikelela kwaye ucele ingcebiso kugqirha ofanelekileyo.
- Ukudibanisa amayeza kunye nonyango lokuziphatha kudla ngokuba yeyona nto isebenzayo kunyango.
- Soloko uthetha nogqirha wakho malunga namayeza asetyenziswa ngumntwana wakho, idosi yawo, kunye nemiphumo enokubakho.
- Njengabazali, uthando lwenu, umonde, kunye nenkxaso yenu zibaluleke kakhulu kwimpilo-ntle yomntwana wenu.
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