Ngaba wakha wayibona ingxelo yovavanyo lwegazi enoonobumba abathathu kunye nenombolo kuyo? Ugqirha usenokuba ukuxelele ukuba ixabiso liphezulu kunoluhlu oluqhelekileyo. Kuqhelekile ukuba novalo kwaye woyike ngexesha elinje. "Owu, yintoni le ALT? Ngaba sisifo esibi ukuba iphezulu?" Unokucinga. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Namhlanje, masithethe ngokulula nangokucacileyo malunga nokuba yintoni le ALT kunye nokuba olu vavanyo luthetha ntoni ngemizimba yethu.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni le ALT Test?
Uvavanyo lwe-ALT luvavanyo lwegazi olulula kakhulu olujonga nawuphi na umonakalo kwisibindi sakho. Nangona siyibiza ngokuba yi-ALT ngegama layo elifutshane, igama layo elipheleleyo yi -Alanine Aminotransferase . Ngaphambili, yayikwabizwa ngokuba yi -SGPT (serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase) . Usenokuba ukubonile oko kwiingxelo zakho zakudala.
Ngoko ke le ALT yienzyme emizimbeni yethu. Ngokuchanekileyo, le enzyme ifumaneka kakhulu ngaphakathi kwiiseli zesibindi sethu. Inani elincinci kakhulu lifumaneka nakwiindawo ezifana nezintso kunye nemisipha. Ngokwesiqhelo, i-ALT ikhona egazini lethu kumanqanaba aphantsi kakhulu.
Cinga ngesibindi njengengobozi enamaqanda amaninzi. Logama nje amaqanda ekhuselekile, akukho ngxaki. Kodwa ukuba ingobozi yonakele okanye ishukunyiswa, amanye amaqanda aya kuqhekeka aze aphume, akunjalo? Yiyo loo nto kunjalo. Xa iiseli zesibindi zonakele ngenxa yesifo, amayeza, ingozi, okanye esinye isizathu, i-enzyme ye-ALT engaphakathi kwezo seli ikhutshwa egazini. Kulapho uvavanyo lwegazi lubonisa ukunyuka kwamanqanaba e-ALT.
Kutheni isibindi sibaluleke kangaka emizimbeni yethu?
Isibindi asilolungu elinye nje kuphela elikhulu emzimbeni wethu, kodwa sikwafana "nomzi-mveliso oyintloko" womzimba wethu. Umsebenzi esiwenzayo awunto incinci.
- Ukuveliswa kweBile: IBile, enceda ekugayeni ukutya okunamafutha esikutyayo, iveliswa sisibindi.
- Ukucocwa kwegazi: Isibindi sihluza inkunkuma engafunekiyo kunye neetyhefu (ezifana notywala) egazini lethu, njengesixhobo sokuhluza amanzi.
- Ukunceda ukujiya kwegazi: Isibindi sivelisa iiproteni ezifunekayo ukuze kumiswe ukopha xa kukho ukwenzakala.
- Ukugcina izondlo: Izinto ezifana neevithamini kunye neeminerali ziyagcinwa kwaye zigcinwe de umzimba uzifune.
- Ulawulo lwezinga leswekile: Iswekile engaphezulu egazini iyagcinwa ize iguqulwe ibe ngamandla xa kufuneka.
Ngoko ke, kuba yenza izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunyamekela impilo yesibindi.
Ngaphantsi kwaziphi iimeko ugqirha angakuxelela ukuba wenze olu vavanyo?
Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zokuba ugqirha wakho angayalela uvavanyo lwe-ALT. Kusenokuba kungenxa yokuba uneempawu ezinxulumene nesifo sesibindi, okanye kungenxa yokuba usengozini yokonakala kwesibindi.
| Iimpawu zesifo sesibindi | |
|---|---|
| Intlungu yesisu okanye ukudumba | Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza |
| Ukutyheli kolusu namehlo (i-jaundice) | Ukudinwa kakhulu kunye nobuthathaka emzimbeni |
| Umchamo omnyama (njengombala weti) | Izihlalo ezimthubi (ezinombala wodongwe) |
| Ulusu olurhawuzelelayo | - |
| Izinto ezibangela umngcipheko wokonakala kwesibindi | |
|---|---|
| Ukuvezwa kwintsholongwane ye-hepatitis | Ukusela kakhulu |
| Ukuba nembali yentsapho yesifo sesibindi | Ukusetyenziswa ixesha elide kwamayeza athile (umz., amayeza okuphelisa iintlungu afana ne-Acetaminophen kunye ne-Ibuprofen) anokonakalisa isibindi |
| Ukutyeba kakhulu | Ukuba nesifo seswekile |
Ngamanye amaxesha, ngaphandle kwesizathu esithile, uvavanyo lwe-ALT lunokwenziwa njengenxalenye yokuhlolwa kwakho kwezonyango rhoqo ngonyaka. Lukwasetyenziselwa ukubona ukuba unyango lusebenza kakuhle kangakanani na ukuba sele unesifo sesibindi.
Ngaba kukho naluphi na ulungiselelo ngaphambi kovavanyo?
Ngokwesiqhelo, akukho mfuneko yokulungiselela okukhethekileyo ukuba uvavanyo lwe-ALT lwenziwa lodwa. Nangona kunjalo, olu vavanyo ludla ngokwenziwa kunye nezinye iimvavanyo zesibindi (iphaneli yesibindi). Ezinye zezi vavanyo zinokufuna ukuba uzile ukutya iiyure ezimbalwa. Ke ngoko, buza ugqirha wakho ukuba kufuneka ukuphephe ukutya okanye ukusela ngaphambi kovavanyo.
Kwakhona, qiniseka ukuba uxelela ugqirha wakho ngayo nayiphi na imithi, iivithamini, okanye ezinye izongezo ozisebenzisayo. Amanye amayeza anokuchaphazela iziphumo zolu vavanyo. Kwakhona, ukuzilolonga kakhulu ngosuku olungaphambi kovavanyo kunokunyusa okwethutyana amanqanaba e-ALT. Ngoko ke ngumbono olungileyo ukwazisa ugqirha wakho ngaloo nto.
Xa kufika ingxelo, ithetha ukuthini?
Uza kufumana iziphumo zovavanyo kwiiyure ezimbalwa okanye kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. Ingxelo iza kudwelisa inqanaba lakho le-ALT kunye noluhlu lwalo oluqhelekileyo .
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba olu luhlu oluqhelekileyo lunokwahluka kancinci ukusuka kwilabhoratri ukuya kwenye. Ngoko ke kufuneka uthelekise ixabiso lakho noluhlu olukwingxelo yakho. Ngokwesiqhelo, eli xabiso liphakathi kweeyunithi ezisi-7 kunye nezingama-56 ngelitha (U/L).
Amanqanaba aphezulu e-ALT
Inqanaba eliphezulu le-ALT libonisa uhlobo oluthile lokudumba okanye umonakalo kwiiseli zesibindi. Nangona kunjalo, oko kuphela akuthethi ukuba unesifo sesibindi esibi kakhulu.
Khumbula, ayinguye wonke umntu onezinga eliphezulu le-ALT onesifo sesibindi esinzima. Enyanisweni, ngaphantsi kwe-5% yabantu abanezinga eliphezulu le-ALT baxilongwa ukuba banesifo sesibindi esinzima.
Kukho izizathu ezininzi zokuba amanqanaba e-ALT aphezulu:
- Isifo sesibindi esinamafutha: Le yimeko exhaphakileyo ngoku kuluntu.
- Iintsholongwane ezifana neHepatitis A, B, kunye no-C: Ezi zichaphazela ngqo isibindi.
- Ukusela utywala ngokugqithisileyo: Utywala buyityhefu esibindini.
- Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zamanye amayeza: Amanye amayeza okudambisa iintlungu, amayeza okwehlisa i-cholesterol, kunye nee-antibiotics zinokubangela ukuba amanqanaba e-ALT anyuke.
- I-Cirrhosis yesibindi: Ukuvaleka kwesibindi.
- Ukuncipha kokunikezelwa kwegazi esibindini.
- I-Hemochromatosis: Isinyithi esigqithisileyo emzimbeni.
- Ezinye izifo ezibangelwa yintsholongwane, ezifana ne-mononucleosis (mononucleosis).
Amanqanaba aphantsi e-ALT
Oku akubonakali rhoqo. Amanqanaba aphantsi e-ALT adla ngokuba sisizathu sokuxhalaba. Nangona kunjalo, kunqabile kakhulu, anokunxulunyaniswa neemeko ezifana nokungabikho kwe-vitamin B6 okanye isifo sezintso esingapheliyo. Ukuba amanqanaba akho aphantsi, ugqirha wakho usenokuyalela ezinye iimvavanyo.
Zeziphi ezinye iimvavanyo ezenziwayo ukuze kufunyanwe umfanekiso opheleleyo wempilo yesibindi?
Uvavanyo lwe-ALT lulucezu nje olunye lwephazili. Ukuze ubone umfanekiso wonke, ugqirha wakho uya kufuna ezinye iziqendu ezimbalwa. Yiyo loo nto uvavanyo lwe-ALT ludla ngokwenziwa njengenxalenye yothotho lweemvavanyo ezibizwa ngokuba yi- "Liver Function Tests" (LFTs) .
Enye i-enzyme ebalulekileyo kolu luhlu lweemvavanyo yi -AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase) . Njenge-ALT, le enzyme ikwakho egazini xa iiseli zesibindi zonakele. Nangona kunjalo, i-AST ikwakho nakumanqanaba aphezulu kune-ALT kwiindawo ezifana nentliziyo kunye nemisipha.
Ugqirha wakho uza kuthelekisa amanqanaba akho e-AST kunye ne-ALT (umlinganiselo we-AST/ALT) . Olu mlinganiselo lunika ugqirha wakho ulwazi olubalulekileyo ngohlobo lomonakalo wesibindi kunye nesizathu sawo.
Ukongeza, uthotho lovavanyo lwe-LFT lungabandakanya oku kulandelayo:
- I-Bilirubin
- I-Albumin
- I-alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
- Iprotheyini iyonke
- I-Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)
Ngokudibanisa ulwazi oluvela kuzo zonke ezi mvavanyo, ugqirha wakho unokufikelela kwisigqibo esichanekileyo malunga nempilo yesibindi sakho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Uvavanyo lwe-ALT luvavanyo olulula lwegazi olujonga impilo yesibindi sakho.
- Ukunyuka kwamanqanaba e-ALT kubonisa ukuba kukho umonakalo okanye ukudumba okuthile kwiiseli zesibindi.
- Nangona kunjalo, inqanaba eliphezulu le-ALT lodwa akuthethi ukuba unesifo sesibindi esinzima. Linokuchaphazeleka zizizathu zexeshana (ezifana namayeza okanye umthambo).
- Ugqirha wakho akayi kwenza isigqibo ngokusekelwe kwinqanaba le-ALT yakho kuphela. Uza kuqwalasela ezinye iimvavanyo zokusebenza kwesibindi, ezifana ne-AST, kunye nazo zonke iimpawu zakho ukuze afikelele kwisigqibo esichanekileyo.
- Ukuba unenkxalabo malunga namanqanaba akho e-ALT, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho ngayo ngokukhululekileyo. Musa ukuzama ukuzixilonga ngokukhangela ulwazi kwi-intanethi.
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