Ngaba wakha waphawula ukuba umama wakho, utata wakho, okanye umntu omthandayo osele ekhulile uyalibala izinto? Ngamanye amaxesha ukulibala amagama, iidilesi, okanye nokukhumbula apho iiglasi zakho zikhoyo kuyinto eqhelekileyo njengoko ukhula. Kodwa ukuba oku kulibala kuyanda kancinci kancinci kwaye awukwazi ukwenza nemisebenzi yemihla ngemihla wedwa, kusenokuba luphawu lweSifo sika-Alzheimer. Emva koko umbuzo omkhulu oza engqondweni yethu ngulo, 'Kutheni ihlabathi eliphuhlileyo kangaka lingakhange lifumane unyango lwesi sifo?' Masithethe ngokunzulu ngayo namhlanje.
Esi sifo safunyanwa njani okokuqala?
Eli bali liqala kwiminyaka engaphezu kwe-100 eyadlulayo, ngo-1901. Ugqirha waseJamani ogama lingu-Alois Alzheimer wahlola ubuchopho bomfazi owayesweleke ngenxa yesifo sengqondo. Wabona into engaqhelekanga kakhulu. Phakathi kwee-neurons engqondweni, uhlobo lweproteni lwalunamathele kwaye ludibene, njengee-plaques. Ezi kamva zabizwa ngokuba "zii-plaques." Wabona nokuba olunye uhlobo lweproteni lwaludibene kwaye ludibene njengemisonto ngaphakathi kwee-neurons. Ezi zabizwa ngokuba "zii-tangles."
Ekuhambeni kwexesha, izazinzulu zafumanisa ukuba la mabala afana nezilonda ayenziwe ngeproteni ebizwa ngokuba yi -beta-amyloid . Zafumanisa nokuba la maqhekeza afana nentambo ayenziwe ngeproteni ebizwa ngokuba yi-tau . Ekugqibeleni, esi sifo sabizwa ngokuba yi-"Alzheimer's disease" ukuhlonipha ugqirha owasifumanisayo.
Ibali elikhulu le "Amyloid Hypothesis"
Ngoko ke, ngeminyaka yoo-1990, kwavela ingcamango enkulu phakathi kwabaphandi. Oko kukuthi, imbangela ephambili yesi sifo yayizii-beta-amyloid plaques ezaziqokelelana engqondweni. Le ngcamango yayibizwa ngokuba yi-"Amyloid Hypothesis." Ngamafutshane, babecinga ukuba ezi plaques ze-amyloid zezona zibangela ukuba iiseli zengqondo zife kwaye inkumbulo ingasebenzi.
Ngoko ke, kwiminyaka engama-30 edlulileyo , uninzi lophando ngesifo sika-Alzheimer kunye nemizamo emininzi yokufumana unyango ibisekelwe kule ngcamango ye-amyloid.
Kodwa ngaba oku kuye kwaphumelela? Akunjalo ngokwenene. Kuye kwazanywa amakhulu amayeza ukususa la ma-amyloid plaques, kodwa akukho nanye eye yenza umahluko omkhulu kubomi bezigulane. Amayeza anciphisa ubungakanani be-amyloid engqondweni awazange ayeke ukulibala kwesigulana okanye aphucule ubomi babo bemihla ngemihla. Kwaneyeza elisandul’ ukuvunywa elithi `lecanemab` lilawule kancinci ukuba mandundu kwesi sifo, kodwa alilonyango.
Ngaba sibambeke kwindlela efanayo?
Ngenxa yezi ziphumo zingaphumelelanga, abaphandi abaninzi ngoku babuza, "Ngaba siya kwicala elingalunganga?" Enyanisweni, isayensi ayisiyonto inokwenza umahluko omkhulu ngaxeshanye. Ifana nenqanawa enkulu, ayinakujikwa yonke ngaxeshanye. Abaphandi bafunda isihloko esifanayo iminyaka, baze benze uphando oluthe kratya ngesihloko esinye. Emva koko, iqela elikhulu labantu nolwazi lwakhiwe ngengcamango efanayo. Xa usiya emsebenzini ngengcamango entsha, iindlela ezifanelekileyo kunye namava anqongophele. Ngoko ke, kwimeko ye-Alzheimer's, le nqanawa inkulu yayisiya kwicala le-"amyloid." Ke ngoko, ingqalelo encinci kakhulu yanikwa kwezinye izizathu, ezinje ngokudumba, usulelo olwahlukeneyo, okanye izifo zokuzikhusela komzimba.
Kodwa, le bali le-amyloid ayilunganga ngokupheleleyo. Mhlawumbi ingxaki ikumayeza. Okanye, ixesha lokusetyenziswa kwamayeza lisenokuba lingalunganga. Mhlawumbi la mayeza kufuneka aqalwe kwiminyaka ngaphambi kokuba kuvele iimpawu.
Kwakukho enye ingxaki. Kude kube yiminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo, bekungekho ndlela yokuqinisekisa nge-100% isifo se-Alzheimer ngelixa umntu esaphila, ngaphandle kokuhlola ubuchopho bakhe emva kokuba eswelekile. Ngoko ke, abanye abantu ababethathe inxaxheba kwizifundo zakudala babengenaso isifo se-Alzheimer. Ngoko ke idatha evela kwezo zifundo yayingalunganga, akunjalo?
Kodwa ngoku imeko yahlukile. Ngobuchwepheshe obutsha, ingakumbi ii-PET scans kunye novavanyo lwe-cerebrospinal fluid, kunokwenzeka ukubona ubukho beeproteni ze-amyloid kunye ne-tau engqondweni yomntu ophilayo.
'I-Traffic Jam' Ngaphakathi Kwengqondo kunye noPhando Olutsha
Ngoku, endaweni yokucinga nje ngokususa ezo plaque, abaphandi baqala ukujonga unobangela wengxaki, bebuza, "Kutheni ezi plaque zenzeka?" Kungathi awunakuyisombulula ingxaki ngaphandle kokwazi ukuba iphi kanye kanye. Ngoku, kukho iingcamango ezintsha ezininzi malunga noku. Masibone ukuba zeziphi.
| Isikhokelo esitsha soPhando | Ngamagama alula... |
|---|---|
| Ingxaki yeNqanaba leSeli | 'Ukuxinana kwetrafikhi' kwenzeka kwinkqubo ehambisa iiproteni ngaphakathi kwiiseli zobuchopho. Oku kubangela ukuba iiproteni ze-amyloid kunye ne-tau ziqokeleleke. Abaphandi bafuna iindlela zokususa le 'kuxinana'. |
| Isifo sokuzikhusela komzimba | Ngokwale ngcamango, i-amyloid yinxalenye yenkqubo yokuzikhusela kwengqondo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yempazamo ethile, le nkqubo iyaphela kwaye ihlasela iiseli zobuchopho ezisempilweni endaweni yokulwa nosulelo. |
| Iintsholongwane kunye nokudumba | Kukho ubungqina bokuba ukudumba engqondweni okubangelwa zizifo ezithile zentsholongwane, ezifana ne-herpes, kusenokuba ngunobangela wesifo se-Alzheimer. |
| Isifo seMetabolic | Abanye abantu bayibiza le nto ngokuthi "isifo seswekile sobuchopho" okanye "isifo seswekile sohlobo lwesithathu." Kule meko, iiseli zobuchopho aziphenduli kakuhle kwi-insulin (ukunganyamezelani ne-insulin), nto leyo ebangela ukudumba kunye neminye imiphumo emibi. |
Ngoko ke akukho nto sinokuyenza? Masithethe ngokuthintela.
Xa usiva konke oku, usenokucinga, ‘Owu, akukho nto unokuyenza ngayo.’ Kodwa ungacingi njalo. Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba isifo sika-Alzheimer sithatha ixesha elide ukuba siphuhle, malunga neminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-30. Oko kuthetha ukuba sinexesha elininzi lokumisa okanye lokucothisa ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo.
Nangona kukho impembelelo yemfuza, zininzi izinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko onokutshintshatshintsha ezinokuchaphazela uphuhliso lwesifo se-Alzheimer. Nazi:
- Ukutyeba kakhulu
- Isifo seswekile
- Isifo sentliziyo
- I-cholesterol ephezulu
- Igazi elonyukayo
- Ukulahlekelwa kukuva
- Ukudakumba kunye nokuba wedwa
Oko kuthetha ukulawula uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi, i-cholesterol, kunye namanqanaba eswekile , ukugcina ubunzima obusempilweni, ukuzilolonga, kunye nokutya ukutya okunesondlo zezona zinto zibalaseleyo onokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho we-Alzheimer's. Ngamanye amaxesha, nokuba yinto elula njengokusebenzisa isixhobo sokuncedisa ukuva kwingxaki yokuva inokwenza umahluko omkhulu.
Eyona nzuzo inkulu yezi zinto kukuba azinabungozi kangako, azibizi kakhulu, kwaye zingcono kwimpilo yethu iyonke. Kubaluleke kangakanani ukutshintsha indlela esiphila ngayo kunokuchitha amakhulu amawaka eedola ngonyaka kwiyeza elitsha?
Kwixesha elizayo, unyango lwe-Alzheimer's, njengonyango lomhlaza, lunokubandakanya ukuhlanganiswa kweendlela ezahlukeneyo kunye namayeza, "i-cocktail," endaweni yeyeza elinye. Nangona kunjalo, izazinzulu ziyazibuza iinkolelo zazo zakudala kwaye zifumana iindlela ezintsha zokulwa nesi sifo, kwaye ithemba elikhulu ekulweni naso kukufumana iindlela ezintsha zokusinyanga.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Isifo se-Alzheimer sisifo esintsonkothileyo kakhulu. Asipheleli nje ekuqokeleleni kwee-amyloid plaques engqondweni.
- Ngoko ke, akuyi kwenzeka ukuba esi sifo sinyangwe "ngepilisi yomlingo" enye kungekudala.
- Abaphandi ngoku bagxile kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ezifana neengxaki zokuzikhusela komzimba, usulelo, kunye nezifo ze-metabolic.
- Eyona nto ibalulekileyo: Unganciphisa umngcipheko wakho. Kubalulekile ukulawula uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi, isifo seswekile, i-cholesterol, ukuzilolonga, nokutya ukutya okunempilo.
- Ukuba unenkxalabo okanye uloyiko malunga nenkumbulo yakho okanye inkumbulo yomntu omthandayo, musa ukulibazisa ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngayo. Okukhona uthetha ngayo ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona kungcono.
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