Yintoni iDementia? Makhe sithethe ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zale meko.

Ngaba wakha waphawula ukuba umntu omdala ekhayeni lakho, mhlawumbi umama wakho, utata wakho, umakhulu okanye umakazi wakho, wahlukile kunangaphambili? Usenokuba uqaphele ukuba ngamanye amaxesha bayalibala izinto, balahleke kwiindawo abaziqhelileyo, okanye baziphathe ngendlela engaqhelekanga kunangaphambili. Sihlala sizilahla ezi zinto ngokuthi "kunjengoko kunjalo xa ukhula." Kodwa, akunjalo rhoqo. Ngamanye amaxesha ezi mpawu zinokuba ziimpawu zokuqala zesifo sengqondo esibizwa ngokuba yi-dementia. Ngoko ke namhlanje siza kuthetha ngale nto.

Yintoni kanye kanye iDementia?

Ngamafutshane, i-dementia ayisosifo esinye. Ifana nesambrela. Phantsi kwale sambrela, kukho iimeko ezininzi ezichaphazela ukusebenza kwengqondo, ingakumbi inkumbulo, izakhono zokucinga, kunye nokuziphatha. Ezi meko zinokuba mandundu kancinci kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha. Kodwa iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba ngokufunyanwa kwangoko kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo, izinga esi sifo siba mandundu ngalo linokulawulwa.

I-Dementia inokwahlulwahlulwa ibe ziindidi ezintathu eziphambili:

1. I-Primary dementia: Apha, i-dementia yeyona meko iphambili. Ayiveli njengesiphumo sesinye isifo.

2. I-dementia yesibini: Kulapho iimpawu ze-dementia ziqala khona ngenxa yesinye isifo, esifana ne-stroke.

3. I-Reversible Dementia: Ngamanye amaxesha, unobangela olula, njengokungabikho kweevithamini, unokubangela iimpawu ezifana ne-dementia. Ezi mpawu ziya kuphela xa unobangela unyangiwe.

Iindidi eziqhelekileyo zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo

Makhe sijonge ezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo. Unyango onalo wena okanye umntu omthandayo luya kuxhomekeka kuhlobo onalo.

Isifo sika-Alzheimer

Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo olufika engqondweni xa uninzi lwabantu lucinga nge-dementia. Malunga nama-70% abantu abane-dementia kwihlabathi liphela banesifo esinjalo. Nangona unobangela ochanekileyo wesifo sika-Alzheimer ungekaziwa okwangoku, kukholelwa ukuba ukwaluphala, i-genetics, izinto ezingqongileyo, kunye nendlela yokuphila (ukutya, ukulala, njl.njl.) zidlala indima. Xa ujonga iiskeni zobuchopho, ungabona utshintsho olukhethekileyo oogqirha abalubiza ngokuba "zii-plaques kunye ne-tangles."

I-dementia yemithambo yegazi

Olu lolona hlobo lwesibini oluxhaphakileyo. Isizathu esiphambili sale nto kukuvalwa kwegazi ukuya ebuchotsheni. Lo mngcipheko uyanda xa kukho iimeko ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, i-cholesterol, isifo seswekile, isifo sentliziyo, okanye i-stroke. Endaweni yokuqala ngeengxaki zenkumbulo ezifana nesifo sika-Alzheimer, olu hlobo ludla ngokuqala ngobunzima bokucwangcisa, ukuhlela nokwenza izigqibo .

Iimpawu ngokubanzi:

• Iimpawu ezifana nestroke (umz., ubunzima bokuthetha).
• Ukucaphuka okanye ukudideka lula, ingakumbi ebusuku.
• Ukutshintsha indlela yokuhamba (umz. ukurhuqa imilenze emhlabeni endaweni yokuhamba iinyawo zakho zimi emhlabeni).
• Ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi yomzimba.
• Ukuziva ufuna ukuchama ngokukhawuleza.

Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo esinemizimba kaLewy (DLB)

Imizimba yeLewy luhlobo lweproteni eqokelelana phakathi kweeseli zobuchopho. Ziphazamisana nonxibelelwano phakathi kweeseli. Uphawu oluphawulekayo lwale meko kukukwazi ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo (ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo) .

Ezinye iimpawu:

• Ubunzima bokucinga nokugxila.
• Ukuva okanye ukuvumba izinto ezingekhoyo.
• Ukuthetha, ukuhamba, nokukhaba emaphupheni.
• Iimpawu ezifana nesifo sikaParkinson, ezifana nokungcangcazela komzimba okanye ukuhamba kancinci.

Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo sesifo sikaParkinson (PDD)

Isifo sikaParkinson sisifo esichaphazela inkqubo yemithambo-luvo. Malunga nama-50% abantu abanesifo bafumana utshintsho oluthile kwinkumbulo nakwindlela abacinga ngayo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Oku kufana kakhulu ne-DLB.

Iimpawu ziquka iingxaki zenkumbulo zexesha elifutshane okanye elide, utshintsho lweemvakalelo, kunye neenkolelo ezingaqhelekanga (umz., ukucinga ukuba kukho umntu ozama ukukulimaza).

Ezinye iintlobo zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo

Ukongeza kwiintlobo ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, kukho nezinye iintlobo ezininzi zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo.

I-Mixed dementia

Abanye abantu banokuba neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo. Umzekelo, banokuba nesifo se-Alzheimer kunye ne-vascular dementia. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, iimpawu zinokuba nzima, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ukuxilongwa kunye nonyango kube nzima.

Isifo sengqondo esibizwa ngokuba yi-Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD)

Kule meko, iiseli ezikwicala lobuchopho ngaphambili nangasecaleni ziyayonakala. Ezi nxalenye zilawula indlela esiziphatha ngayo, ubuntu bethu, intetho yethu, kunye neentshukumo zethu. Ngenxa yoko, aba baguli banokubona utshintsho olukhulu kubuntu babo nakwindlela abaziphatha ngayo . Umzekelo, banokuziphatha kuluntu ngaphandle kweentloni, kwaye banokuthetha nantoni na efika engqondweni.

Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo esiqala ulutsha

I-Dementia idla ngokuchaphazela abantu abadala, kodwa ayinakuchaphazeleka kakhulu ngabantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-'young-onset dementia'. Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo kusenokuba yenye yeempawu zokuqala kwaba bantu. Ukuba unale meko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Ezinye iintlobo ezinqabileyo

Kukho ezinye iintlobo ezininzi ezingaqhelekanga zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo.

• Isifo sikaHuntington: Esi sisifo esibangelwa lufuzo.
• Isifo sikaCreutzfeldt-Jakob: Imeko engaqhelekanga, esasazeka ngokukhawuleza ebangelwa ziiproteni ezingaqhelekanga ezibizwa ngokuba yi-"prions."
• I-hydrocephalus yoxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo (NPH): Imeko ebangelwa kukungajikelezi kakuhle kolwelo lwe-cerebrospinal (CSF). Iimpawu zihlala zincitshiswa ngokususwa kolwelo olugqithisileyo ngotyando nge-shunt.
• I-Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS): Imeko ebangelwa kukunqongophala kwe-thiamine (i-vitamin B1), ingakumbi kubantu abasela kakhulu.
• I-HIV-associated dementia: Ingabangelwa yintsholongwane ye-HIV eyosulela ingqondo.
• I-Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE):Imeko enokwenzeka ngenxa yokwenzakala entloko rhoqo (umz., abadlali bezemidlalo, amajoni).

Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba wena okanye umntu osapho lwakho unezinye zezi mpawu, nceda ungaze uzityeshele. Bona ugqirha ofanelekileyo ngokukhawuleza ukuze ufumane ingcebiso. Ungathunyelwa kwingcali yezifo zengqondo. Ukuxilongwa kwangoko kunye nonyango kunokuphucula kakhulu umgangatho wobomi bakho.