AmayezaJulayi 16, 2026🔄 Updated: Jul 16, 2026⏱ 5 min

Ngaba uthatha amayeza okunciphisa igazi? Izinto ekufuneka uzazi malunga (ne-Anticoagulants)

Creator: Dr. Priya Sammani
Published: 2026-07-15T22:42:46.000Z

Dr. Priya Sammani, MBBS, PG Dip. FMMedical Verification

Omnye umntu kusapho lwakho, okanye wena ngokwakho, usenokuba uthatha 'i-blood thinners'. Usenokuba uzive usoyika kancinci xa ugqirha wakho ekunike eli yeza. Kuqhelekile ukuba kuvele imibuzo efana nokuthi "Ngaba oku kuya kwandisa ukopha?", "Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ndikwenza gwenxa?" engqondweni. Ngoko ke, ungoyiki. Namhlanje, masithethe ngala mayeza okunciphisa igazi, okanye njengoko ebizwa ngonyango, `(Anticoagulants)`, ukuze kucace yonke into.

Ngamafutshane, zithini ezi anticoagulants?

Ii-anticoagulants luhlobo lwamayeza anciphisa amandla egazi lakho okujiya. Abanye abantu bazibiza ngokuba 'zizinto ezinciphisa igazi'. Kodwa into abayenzayo ngokwenene 'akunciphisi' igazi njengamanzi, kodwa kukunciphisa isantya sokwakheka kwamahlwili egazi . La mayeza enza izinto ezimbini eziphambili. Enye kukunceda umzimba wakho unyibilikise amahlwili egazi akhoyo. Enye kukuthintela ukwakheka kwamahlwili egazi amatsha, angafunekiyo.

La mayeza afumaneka njengeenaliti, ulwelo olufakwa kwimithambo yegazi (intravenous (IV), kunye neepilisi ezithathwa ngomlomo.

Kutheni sidinga olu hlobo lonyango?

Ngokwesiqhelo, xa imizimba yethu yenzakele, kulungile ukuba igazi lijiye. Oku kuyayekisa ukopha kwaye inxeba liphole. Kodwa khawucinge, kuthekani ukuba igazi lijiye ngaphakathi emithanjeni yethu ngaphandle kwesizathu?

Kufana nelori enkulu ebhajwa ngequbuliso endleleni engenazithuthi. Emva koko, ezinye izithuthi endleleni azikwazi ukudlula, kuba eli hlwili legazi lithintela ukuhamba kwegazi.

Ukuba ihlwili legazi elenzeka ngolu hlobo lihamba ngemithambo yegazi lize linamathele kumthambo wegazi omncinci kwisitho esibalulekileyo esifana nengqondo, imiphunga, okanye intliziyo, linokubangela iimeko eziyingozi kakhulu.

Istroke: Sibangelwa kukuqhekeka kwegazi okuya engqondweni kuze kuyivale.
I-Pulmonary Embolism (PE): Ihlwili legazi elivimba umthambo omkhulu wegazi emiphungeni . Le yimeko eyingozi enokubangela ukufa kwangoko.
Uhlaselo lwentliziyo: Lubangelwa kukuqhekeka kwegazi okuvalela imithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi entliziyweni.

Ngoko ke, oogqirha banika la mayeza "e-Anticoagulants" kubantu abasengozini yokufumana ezi meko ziyingozi.

Ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kwe-anticoagulants
Ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga (i-Atrial Fibrillation)	Ngenxa yokuba amagumbi aphezulu entliziyo awampompi kakuhle, igazi linokudityaniswa lize lijike. Ukuba la maqhuqhuva aya engqondweni, anokubangela ukukhubazeka.
Utyando lweValve yeNtliziyo	Emva kokufakwa kweevalvu zentliziyo ezenziweyo, kukho umngcipheko wokuba igazi liqhekeke kwivalvu.
Ukutshintshwa Kwesinqe/Idolo	Emva kolu tyando, amahlwili egazi anokubakho kwimithambo enzulu yemilenze. Le meko ibizwa ngokuba yiDeep Vein Thrombosis (DVT). Ihlwili legazi eliphuma kule DVT linokuhamba liye emiphungeni.
Iingxaki Zokuqunjelwa Kwegazi	Abanye abantu banezifo zemfuza ezibangela ukuba igazi labo lijiye lula. Bakwadinga eli yeza.

Eli yeza lisebenza njani emzimbeni?

Umzimba wethu uhlala ugcina ulungelelwano phakathi kokuqina kwegazi kunye nokuthintela ukuqina kwegazi. Ii-anticoagulants zichaphazela olu lungelelwano kancinci kwaye zenze buthathaka icala lokuqina kwegazi. Oku kuthintela ukwakheka kwamahlwili egazi angafunekiyo. La mayeza asebenza ngendlela eyahlukileyo.

Iinaliti kunye namayeza e-IV

Ezi zihlala zisetyenziswa ezibhedlele, xa kufuneka iziphumo ezikhawulezileyo.

IHeparin: Oku kusebenza ngokusebenzisa iproteni ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(Antithrombin)` ethintela ukujiya kwegazi emzimbeni. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zale nto. Enye ikhawuleza kakhulu, kodwa kufuneka ujonge igazi lakho rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba idosi ichanekile. Olunye uhlobo lwe-`(Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin - LMWH)` lusebenza kancinci kancinci, kodwa kulula ukuyicingela indlela esebenza ngayo. Ke ngoko, akufuneki ujonge igazi lakho rhoqo.
Ii-Thrombin Inhibitors ezithe ngqo: Ezi zivala ngokuthe ngqo iproteni ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(Thrombin)` enceda ukujiya kwegazi.

Iintlobo zeepilisi zomlomo

Ezi zezo oogqirha bazinika ixesha elide.

I-Warfarin: Eli liyeza elidala elisetyenziswa ngabantu abaninzi kwilizwe lethu. Lisebenza ngokuthintela ukusetyenziswa kwe-vitamin K, ebalulekileyo ekuqiniseni igazi. Umlinganiselo ubaluleke kakhulu xa usebenzisa i-Warfarin. Ukuba ugqithisile, umngcipheko wokopha unokwanda. Yiyo loo nto ugqirha wakho eza kwenza uvavanyo lwegazi rhoqo (uvavanyo lwe-INR) aze alungise umthamo.
Ii-Anticoagulants zomlomo ezithe ngqo (ii-DOAC): La ngamayeza amatsha. Imizekelo ibandakanya `(iDabigatran)`, `(i-Apixaban)`, `(i-Rivaroxaban)`. Ezi azifuni vavanyo lwegazi rhoqo njengeWarfarin.

Eyona nto yoyikekayo! Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunye neengxaki?

Eyona ngozi iphambili neqhelekileyo yalo naliphi na iyeza lokuthintela ukugabha kwegazi kukopha. Oku kuthetha ukuba nokuba kunqunyulwe kancinci kunokuthatha ixesha elide ukuyeka ukopha, kwaye unokukrweleka lula. Ukongeza, iyeza ngalinye linemiphumo yalo emibi.

Uhlobo lweyeza	Iziphumo/iingxaki ezithile ezinokubakho
I-Warfarin	Ukopha kakhulu ukuba idosi ayichanekanga. Ingabangela ingozi kumntwana ongekazalwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Kunqabile kakhulu ukuba kubekho iimeko ezifana nokufa kweeseli zesikhumba (i-Skin Necrosis) okanye i-purple toe syndrome.
I-Heparin	I-Heparin-Induced Heparin Thrombocytopenia (HIT): Le yimeko eyingozi kakhulu. Kule meko, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ayisabela ngendlela engafanelekanga kwi-heparin kwaye iqala ukwenza amahlwili egazi emzimbeni wonke. Le yimeko engaqhelekanga kakhulu. I-Osteoporosis (ukuncitshiswa kwamathambo) ngokusetyenziswa ixesha elide.
Ii-Anticoagulants zomlomo ezithe ngqo (ii-DOAC)	Ukuphazamiseka kwesisu. Ukopha esiswini okanye emathunjini.

Ufanele ufune nini ingcebiso yezonyango ngokukhawuleza?

Njengomntu osela la mayeza, kufuneka ulumke kakhulu ngale nto, kuba nengozi encinci inokuba yingozi.

Thetha nogqirha wakho ukuba unezi mpawu:

Ukuba ukopha kwiintsini, empumlweni, okanye kwinxeba elincinci akupheli .
Ukuba ukrweleka lula kunesiqhelo okanye uqaphela ukukrweleka ngaphandle kwesizathu.
Ukuba uziva unesizungu, ubuthathaka, okanye udiniwe ngendlela engaqhelekanga.

Ukuba unale mpawu, yiya kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele ngoko nangoko:

Oku kubaluleke kakhulu! Ukuba umntu osebenzisa eli yeza uyawa, ingakumbi ukuba ubetheke entloko, nokuba akukho gazi liphumayo ngaphandle, unokopha ngaphakathi kwengqondo. Oku kusongela ubomi!

Naluphi na uhlobo lokuwa, ingakumbi ukuba ubetheke entloko, kufuneka luxelwe kwi-ETU ngoko nangoko, nokuba akukho monakalo ubonakalayo.
Ukuba wenze ingozi yemoto okanye wabethwa yinto enzima waza wakrweleka kakhulu .
Intloko ebuhlungu ngequbuliso okanye isisu esibuhlungu.
Ukuhlanza igazi (ingakumbi ukuba libonakala ngathi ligayiwe ngekofu) okanye ukukhohlela igazi.
Igazi kumchamo (umchamo ujika ube orenji, ube bomvu, okanye ube mdaka) okanye igazi kwindle (indle ijika ibe bomvu okanye ibe mnyama mnyama, njengetha).

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Amayeza okubulala igazi abaluleke kakhulu anokunceda ekusindiseni ubomi. Ugqirha wakho ukunike amayeza lawo ngesizathu esivakalayo.

Eyona ngozi inkulu yala mayeza kukuphuma kwegazi. Hlala uqaphela iimpawu ezilumkisayo zokuphuma kwegazi.

Ungaze uyeke ukuthatha amayeza akho okanye utshintshe umthamo ngaphandle kokubonisana nogqirha wakho.

Xa ubona ugqirha, ugqirha wamazinyo ngenxa yesinye isifo, okanye utyando, qiniseka ukuba ubaxelela ukuba usela eli yeza.

Ukuba uyawa okanye ubetheke entloko, yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele ngoko nangoko, nokuba awuziva ungonwabanga.

Ukuba usebenzisa iWarfarin, kubalulekile ukuba wenze uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-INR ngomhla omiselweyo njengoko ugqirha wakho emisele.

Izinto ezithintela ukugabha kwegazi, izinto ezinciphisa igazi, izinto ezibangela ukugabha kwegazi, iWarfarin, iHeparin, isifo sohlangothi, uhlaselo lwentliziyo

⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

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AmayezaJulayi 16, 2026
Ngaba uthatha amayeza okunciphisa igazi? Izinto ekufuneka uzazi malunga (ne-Anticoagulants)
Dr. Priya SammaniMedical Verification
⏱ 5 min read
📋Table of Contents
1. Ngamafutshane, zithini ezi anticoagulants?
2. Kutheni sidinga olu hlobo lonyango?
3. Eli yeza lisebenza njani emzimbeni?
4. Iinaliti kunye namayeza e-IV
5. Iintlobo zeepilisi zomlomo
6. Eyona nto yoyikekayo! Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunye neengxaki?
7. Ufanele ufune nini ingcebiso yezonyango ngokukhawuleza?
8. Thetha nogqirha wakho ukuba unezi mpawu:
9. Ukuba unale mpawu, yiya kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele ngoko nangoko:
10. Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
Omnye umntu kusapho lwakho, okanye wena ngokwakho, usenokuba uthatha 'i-blood thinners'. Usenokuba uzive usoyika kancinci xa ugqirha wakho ekunike eli yeza. Kuqhelekile ukuba kuvele imibuzo efana nokuthi "Ngaba oku kuya kwandisa ukopha?", "Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ndikwenza gwenxa?" engqondweni. Ngoko ke, ungoyiki. Namhlanje, masithethe ngala mayeza okunciphisa igazi, okanye njengoko ebizwa ngonyango, `(Anticoagulants)`, ukuze kucace yonke into.
Ngamafutshane, zithini ezi anticoagulants?
Ii-anticoagulants luhlobo lwamayeza anciphisa amandla egazi lakho okujiya. Abanye abantu bazibiza ngokuba 'zizinto ezinciphisa igazi'. Kodwa into abayenzayo ngokwenene 'akunciphisi' igazi njengamanzi, kodwa kukunciphisa isantya sokwakheka kwamahlwili egazi . La mayeza enza izinto ezimbini eziphambili. Enye kukunceda umzimba wakho unyibilikise amahlwili egazi akhoyo. Enye kukuthintela ukwakheka kwamahlwili egazi amatsha, angafunekiyo.

La mayeza afumaneka njengeenaliti, ulwelo olufakwa kwimithambo yegazi (intravenous (IV), kunye neepilisi ezithathwa ngomlomo.
Kutheni sidinga olu hlobo lonyango?
Ngokwesiqhelo, xa imizimba yethu yenzakele, kulungile ukuba igazi lijiye. Oku kuyayekisa ukopha kwaye inxeba liphole. Kodwa khawucinge, kuthekani ukuba igazi lijiye ngaphakathi emithanjeni yethu ngaphandle kwesizathu?
Kufana nelori enkulu ebhajwa ngequbuliso endleleni engenazithuthi. Emva koko, ezinye izithuthi endleleni azikwazi ukudlula, kuba eli hlwili legazi lithintela ukuhamba kwegazi.
Ukuba ihlwili legazi elenzeka ngolu hlobo lihamba ngemithambo yegazi lize linamathele kumthambo wegazi omncinci kwisitho esibalulekileyo esifana nengqondo, imiphunga, okanye intliziyo, linokubangela iimeko eziyingozi kakhulu.
Istroke: Sibangelwa kukuqhekeka kwegazi okuya engqondweni kuze kuyivale.
I-Pulmonary Embolism (PE): Ihlwili legazi elivimba umthambo omkhulu wegazi emiphungeni . Le yimeko eyingozi enokubangela ukufa kwangoko.
Uhlaselo lwentliziyo: Lubangelwa kukuqhekeka kwegazi okuvalela imithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi entliziyweni.
Ngoko ke, oogqirha banika la mayeza "e-Anticoagulants" kubantu abasengozini yokufumana ezi meko ziyingozi.
Ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kwe-anticoagulants
Ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga (i-Atrial Fibrillation) Ngenxa yokuba amagumbi aphezulu entliziyo awampompi kakuhle, igazi linokudityaniswa lize lijike. Ukuba la maqhuqhuva aya engqondweni, anokubangela ukukhubazeka.
Utyando lweValve yeNtliziyo Emva kokufakwa kweevalvu zentliziyo ezenziweyo, kukho umngcipheko wokuba igazi liqhekeke kwivalvu.
Ukutshintshwa Kwesinqe/Idolo Emva kolu tyando, amahlwili egazi anokubakho kwimithambo enzulu yemilenze. Le meko ibizwa ngokuba yiDeep Vein Thrombosis (DVT). Ihlwili legazi eliphuma kule DVT linokuhamba liye emiphungeni.
Iingxaki Zokuqunjelwa Kwegazi Abanye abantu banezifo zemfuza ezibangela ukuba igazi labo lijiye lula. Bakwadinga eli yeza.
Eli yeza lisebenza njani emzimbeni?
Umzimba wethu uhlala ugcina ulungelelwano phakathi kokuqina kwegazi kunye nokuthintela ukuqina kwegazi. Ii-anticoagulants zichaphazela olu lungelelwano kancinci kwaye zenze buthathaka icala lokuqina kwegazi. Oku kuthintela ukwakheka kwamahlwili egazi angafunekiyo. La mayeza asebenza ngendlela eyahlukileyo.
Iinaliti kunye namayeza e-IV
Ezi zihlala zisetyenziswa ezibhedlele, xa kufuneka iziphumo ezikhawulezileyo.
IHeparin: Oku kusebenza ngokusebenzisa iproteni ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(Antithrombin)` ethintela ukujiya kwegazi emzimbeni. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zale nto. Enye ikhawuleza kakhulu, kodwa kufuneka ujonge igazi lakho rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba idosi ichanekile. Olunye uhlobo lwe-`(Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin - LMWH)` lusebenza kancinci kancinci, kodwa kulula ukuyicingela indlela esebenza ngayo. Ke ngoko, akufuneki ujonge igazi lakho rhoqo.
Ii-Thrombin Inhibitors ezithe ngqo: Ezi zivala ngokuthe ngqo iproteni ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(Thrombin)` enceda ukujiya kwegazi.
Iintlobo zeepilisi zomlomo
Ezi zezo oogqirha bazinika ixesha elide.
I-Warfarin: Eli liyeza elidala elisetyenziswa ngabantu abaninzi kwilizwe lethu. Lisebenza ngokuthintela ukusetyenziswa kwe-vitamin K, ebalulekileyo ekuqiniseni igazi. Umlinganiselo ubaluleke kakhulu xa usebenzisa i-Warfarin. Ukuba ugqithisile, umngcipheko wokopha unokwanda. Yiyo loo nto ugqirha wakho eza kwenza uvavanyo lwegazi rhoqo (uvavanyo lwe-INR) aze alungise umthamo.
Ii-Anticoagulants zomlomo ezithe ngqo (ii-DOAC): La ngamayeza amatsha. Imizekelo ibandakanya `(iDabigatran)`, `(i-Apixaban)`, `(i-Rivaroxaban)`. Ezi azifuni vavanyo lwegazi rhoqo njengeWarfarin.
Eyona nto yoyikekayo! Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunye neengxaki?
Eyona ngozi iphambili neqhelekileyo yalo naliphi na iyeza lokuthintela ukugabha kwegazi kukopha. Oku kuthetha ukuba nokuba kunqunyulwe kancinci kunokuthatha ixesha elide ukuyeka ukopha, kwaye unokukrweleka lula. Ukongeza, iyeza ngalinye linemiphumo yalo emibi.
Uhlobo lweyeza Iziphumo/iingxaki ezithile ezinokubakho
I-Warfarin
Ukopha kakhulu ukuba idosi ayichanekanga.
Ingabangela ingozi kumntwana ongekazalwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
Kunqabile kakhulu ukuba kubekho iimeko ezifana nokufa kweeseli zesikhumba (i-Skin Necrosis) okanye i-purple toe syndrome.
I-Heparin
I-Heparin-Induced Heparin Thrombocytopenia (HIT): Le yimeko eyingozi kakhulu. Kule meko, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ayisabela ngendlela engafanelekanga kwi-heparin kwaye iqala ukwenza amahlwili egazi emzimbeni wonke. Le yimeko engaqhelekanga kakhulu.
I-Osteoporosis (ukuncitshiswa kwamathambo) ngokusetyenziswa ixesha elide.
Ii-Anticoagulants zomlomo ezithe ngqo (ii-DOAC)
Ukuphazamiseka kwesisu.
Ukopha esiswini okanye emathunjini.
Ufanele ufune nini ingcebiso yezonyango ngokukhawuleza?
Njengomntu osela la mayeza, kufuneka ulumke kakhulu ngale nto, kuba nengozi encinci inokuba yingozi.
Thetha nogqirha wakho ukuba unezi mpawu:
Ukuba ukopha kwiintsini, empumlweni, okanye kwinxeba elincinci akupheli .
Ukuba ukrweleka lula kunesiqhelo okanye uqaphela ukukrweleka ngaphandle kwesizathu.
Ukuba uziva unesizungu, ubuthathaka, okanye udiniwe ngendlela engaqhelekanga.
Ukuba unale mpawu, yiya kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele ngoko nangoko:
Oku kubaluleke kakhulu! Ukuba umntu osebenzisa eli yeza uyawa, ingakumbi ukuba ubetheke entloko, nokuba akukho gazi liphumayo ngaphandle, unokopha ngaphakathi kwengqondo. Oku kusongela ubomi!
Naluphi na uhlobo lokuwa, ingakumbi ukuba ubetheke entloko, kufuneka luxelwe kwi-ETU ngoko nangoko, nokuba akukho monakalo ubonakalayo.
Ukuba wenze ingozi yemoto okanye wabethwa yinto enzima waza wakrweleka kakhulu .
Intloko ebuhlungu ngequbuliso okanye isisu esibuhlungu.
Ukuhlanza igazi (ingakumbi ukuba libonakala ngathi ligayiwe ngekofu) okanye ukukhohlela igazi.
Igazi kumchamo (umchamo ujika ube orenji, ube bomvu, okanye ube mdaka) okanye igazi kwindle (indle ijika ibe bomvu okanye ibe mnyama mnyama, njengetha).
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
Amayeza okubulala igazi abaluleke kakhulu anokunceda ekusindiseni ubomi. Ugqirha wakho ukunike amayeza lawo ngesizathu esivakalayo.
Eyona ngozi inkulu yala mayeza kukuphuma kwegazi. Hlala uqaphela iimpawu ezilumkisayo zokuphuma kwegazi.
Ungaze uyeke ukuthatha amayeza akho okanye utshintshe umthamo ngaphandle kokubonisana nogqirha wakho.
Xa ubona ugqirha, ugqirha wamazinyo ngenxa yesinye isifo, okanye utyando, qiniseka ukuba ubaxelela ukuba usela eli yeza.
Ukuba uyawa okanye ubetheke entloko, yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele ngoko nangoko, nokuba awuziva ungonwabanga.
Ukuba usebenzisa iWarfarin, kubalulekile ukuba wenze uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-INR ngomhla omiselweyo njengoko ugqirha wakho emisele.
Izinto ezithintela ukugabha kwegazi, izinto ezinciphisa igazi, izinto ezibangela ukugabha kwegazi, iWarfarin, iHeparin, isifo sohlangothi, uhlaselo lwentliziyo
⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.
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