Ngaba nawe uyabaphepha abantu? Ngaba uyoyika uluntu? Ingaba oko kubizwa ngokuba yi-(Avoidant Personality Disorder)?

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha ukhe ucinge, "Owu, akukho mntu uza kundithanda," "Ukuba ndithetha into ethile, abantu baza kuhleka," okanye "ndiza kugxekwa"? Ngaba uhlala uziphepha iindawo ezixineneyo, imisitho, okanye iintlanganiso nabahlobo ngenxa yezi ngcinga? Nangona ufuna ngokwenene ukuba nabantu, ngaba uziva unesizungu ngenxa yolu loyiko? Ukuba kunjalo, oko ndiza kukuthetha kunokuba yinto ebalulekileyo kuwe.

Yintoni i-Avoidant Personality Disorder?

Ngamafutshane, i-Avoidant Personality Disorder (AVPD) yimeko yempilo yengqondo apho uhlala uziva ungento yanto, njengokuthi "Andifanelekanga," "Andinakwenza nto," kwaye unoloyiko olukhulu lokuba abanye baza kukugxeka okanye bakulahle. Khawuthelekelele ukuba ufuna ngokwenene ukuchitha ixesha nabahlobo bakho nize nincokole, kodwa uloyiko lwakho lokungamkeleki lukhulu kangangokuba ugqibela ngokubaphepha ngokupheleleyo.

Le meko, ebizwa ngokuba yi-AVPD, iwela kwiqela le-"Cluster C" personality disorder. Ixhala kunye noloyiko ziimpawu eziqhelekileyo kwezinye iimeko kweli qela. I-personal disorder yindlela yokuziphatha eqhubekayo ekhula ebuntwaneni okanye ebusheni kwaye engahambelani nolindelo loluntu lwethu. Oku kunokubangela ingcinezelo kunye noxinzelelo kumntu kunye nabo bamngqongileyo.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-avoidant personality disorder (AVPD) kunye ne-social anxiety?

Ewe, nangona ezi zimbini zinokubonakala zifana, ziimeko ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Ingxaki Yokuxhalaba Ngokwentlalo (i-SAD) , okanye i-social phobia, luloyiko olugqithisileyo noluqhubekayo lokuba abanye baya kukugweba baze bakujonge. Oku kubangela ukuba abantu abanexhala ngokwentlalo baphephe iimeko zentlalo.

Abantu abane-APD bayakuphepha iimeko zentlalo kunye nobudlelwane. Kodwa esona sizathu siphambili soku kukungazethembi . Nangona ixhala liyinto ephambili kwisifo sokuxhalaba kwezentlalo (SAD), ixhala akufuneki lihlale liyinto ephambili kwi-APD.

Abaphandi babecinga ukuba i-AVPD yayiluhlobo olubi kakhulu lwe-SAD. Kodwa ngoku bafumanise ukuba malunga nesibini kwisithathu sabantu abane-AVPD abahlangabezani neemfuno ze-SAD kwi-DSM-5. Nangona kunjalo, kunokwenzeka ukuba umntu abe nezi meko zombini ngaxeshanye. Kwimeko enjalo, iimpawu zihlala zinzima ngakumbi.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko? Ngubani onokuba nayo ngakumbi?

Uphando lubonisa ukuba phakathi kwe-1.5% kunye ne-2.5% yabemi baseMelika banokuba ne-Avoidant Personality Disorder (AVPD). Oku kuthetha ukuba inani elikhulu labantu eSri Lanka banokuba nale meko.

I-AVPD idla ngokuqala emva kweminyaka eli-18 ubudala, okanye xa uneminyaka engamashumi amabini . Kwakhona, abantu abanezi meko zempilo yengqondo zilandelayo banamathuba amaninzi okufumana i-AVPD:

• Ukudakumba okukhulu (`ukudakumba kweklinikhi` okanye` isifo sokudakumba esikhulu`)
• Isifo sokudakumba esiqhubekayo
• Ingxaki yokuxhalaba kwezentlalo
• Isifo sokungakhathali (OCD)
• Ingxaki yovalo
• I-Anorexia nervosa
• Ingxaki yokutya kakhulu

Zithini iimpawu ze-avoidant personality disorder (AVPD)?

Uphawu oluphambili kukuba uloyiko lokungamkeleki kwabanye lunamandla kangangokuba ubaleka abantu uze ukhethe ukuba wedwa. Olu hlobo lokuziphatha lusenokungabonakali kangako kwabanye abantu, kodwa lubonakale ngakumbi kwabanye.

Ezinye iimpawu kunye neendlela zokuziphatha ziquka:

• Unembono embi kakhulu ngawe. Ucinga ukuba awulunganga ngokwaneleyo, ungaphantsi kwabanye. Khawuthelekelele, nokuba ungenza into elungileyo, ucinga, "Owu, oko kusandul' ukwenzeka."
• Ndikhathazeka kakhulu kukugxekwa nokungathandwa ngabanye abantu. Nokuba umntu uthetha into encinci, ndiyayithatha entliziyweni kwaye ndizive ndilusizi.
• Ukuba awazi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba abanye abantu baza kukuthanda, awufuni ukunxibelelana nabo. Kusoloko kukho uloyiko lokuba "Ngaba baza kundithatha nzulu xa ndithetha?"
• Ufumana ixhala elikhulu kunye noloyiko kwiimeko zentlalo kunye nobudlelwane. Oku kunokukhokelela ekubeni uphephe imisebenzi kunye nemisebenzi ebandakanya ukunxulumana nabanye abantu. Umzekelo, ungakuphepha ukuya kwitheko eofisini, ucinge, "Owu, ukuba ndiyahamba, akukho mntu uza kuthetha nam."
• Ndingumntu oneentloni kakhulu xa ndikwiindawo zoluntu kwaye ndiyazisola kuba ndiyoyika ukwenza impazamo okanye ukuba neentloni. Ndisoloko ndicinga izinto ezinje, "Ngaba indlela endinxiba ngayo ilungile?", "Ngaba indlela endithetha ngayo ayilunganga?"
• Ucinga kakhulu ngeengxaki ezinokubakho, okanye uchaze gwenxa indlela abanye abantu abasabela ngayo (ngendlela engalunganga). Nokuba umntu ukujongile nje, uziva ngathi, "Owu, andazi ukuba bacinga ntoni ngam."
• Abafane bazame izinto ezintsha. Abathandi ukuthatha umngcipheko. Bayayeka izinto ezininzi kuba besoyika ukuba "Ndisenokungakwazi ukwenza oku nokuba ndingazama."

Kutheni le meko isenzeka? Izizathu (ze-AVPD)

Iingxaki zobuntu, kuquka ne-APD, ziimeko zengqondo ezingekaqondwa ngokupheleleyo. Abaphandi basazama ukufumana unobangela ochanekileyo. Kodwa bakholelwa ukuba i-APD ibangelwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo:

• I-Genetics: Olunye uphando lufumanise ukuba malunga ne-64% yophuhliso lwe-AVPD lubangelwa zizinto ze-genetic, oko kuthetha ukuba ii-genes zethu zidlala indima. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho unesi sifo, nawe unethuba eliphezulu lokuba naso.
• Isimo sengqondo sobuntwana: Abaphandi bafumanise unxibelelwano phakathi kwesimo sengqondo esithile sobuntwana kunye ne-APD. Umzekelo, inkani, ukungabi namdla kwizinto ezintsha, ukungafuni izinto ezintsha, ukuphepha ingozi ngokugqithisileyo, kunye noloyiko noxinzelelo olugqithisileyo.
• Indlela yokunamathela: Abantu abanendlela yokunamathela eyoyikekayo banamathuba amaninzi okufumana i-AVPD. Kulapho ufuna ukuba kufutshane nabanye abantu, kodwa awubathembi kwaye uyoyika ukwaliwa. Umzekelo, umntwana unokuba nale ndlela yokunamathela ukuba abazali bakhe abayinaki intlungu yabo xa besebancinci.
• Imeko yobuntwana: Izinto ezinje ngokungamkeleki nokuphathwa ngendlela eyahlukileyo kwabanye ngexesha lobuntwana zinokuba negalelo ekuphuhlisweni kwe-AVPD.

Ifunyaniswa njani le meko (i-AVPD)?

Ubuntu bethu buyaqhubeka bukho ebuntwaneni nasebusheni. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, oogqirha abadli ngokuxilonga umntu ongaphantsi kweminyaka eli-18 onesifo sokuthintela ubuntu (AVPD). Oogqirha bafuna ubungqina bokuba ezi ndlela zokuziphatha zihlala zihleli, azitshintshi, kwaye azipheli ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Iingxaki zobuntu, kuquka ne-APD, kunzima ukuzichonga kuba abantu abaninzi abanezi meko abaqondi ukuba kukho into engalunganga ngendlela abaziphatha ngayo okanye indlela abacinga ngayo.

Ukuba bafuna uncedo, badla ngokufuna unyango lokuxhalaba okanye ukudakumba okubangelwa ziingxaki ezinje ngokuba bodwa kunye nokungabikho kwabahlobo okubangelwa kukuphazamiseka kobuntu babo.

Xa umcebisi wezempilo yengqondo , oko kukuthi, ugqirha wengqondo okanye ingcali yezengqondo, ekrokrela ukuba umntu une-APD, uhlala ebuza imibuzo ebanzi nebanzi. Bayaqaphela ukuba bangenzi imeko apho umntu aziva egxekwa okanye eneentloni. Imibuzo abayibuzayo izama ukufumanisa ulwazi malunga noku:

• Ulwazi oludlulileyo
• Abafowunelwa
• Iinkcukacha zemisebenzi yangaphambili
• Ukujonga inyani (oko kukuthi, ukukwazi ukwahlula phakathi koko kwenzekayo noko kucingelwayo)

Umntu orhanelwa ukuba une-APD usenokungaziqondi iindlela zakhe zokuziphatha kunye neendlela zakhe zokucinga. Ngenxa yoko, iingcali zempilo yengqondo zihlala zithetha nosapho kunye nabahlobo baloo mntu ukuze ziqokelele ulwazi oluthe kratya.

Oogqirha baxilonga i-AVPD ngokusekelwe kwiikhrayitheriya ezikwi-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) ye-American Psychiatric Association.

Ukuze kufunyaniswe ukuba une-APD, ubuncinane ezine kwezi ndlela zokuziphatha zilandelayo kufuneka zibekho ngendlela eqhubekayo :

• Ukuphepha imisebenzi yomsebenzi ebandakanya ukusebenza nabanye ngenxa yokoyika ukugxekwa okanye ukwaliwa.
• Ukungabi namdla wokunxibelelana nabanye abantu ngaphandle kokuba uqinisekile ukuba baza kukuthanda.
• Ukuhlala uthule kwaye ungathethi nabanye, nokuba kubudlelwane obusondeleyo, ngenxa yokoyika ukugculelwa nokuhlazeka.
• Ukukhathazeka kakhulu ngokugxekwa okanye ukungafunwa ngabanye abantu kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo zentlalo.
• Ukuziva uneentloni kwaye ulumkile ngawe kwiimeko ezintsha zentlalo kuba uziva ungafaneleki.
• Ukuzibona njengomntu ongathandiyo ukunxibelelana nabanye abantu, ongathandekiyo, nongajongelwanga phantsi kwabanye.
• Ukungafuni ukuthatha umngcipheko okanye ukuzama imisebenzi emitsha ngenxa yomngcipheko wentloni.

Luluphi unyango lwale nto?

Iingxaki zobuntu kunzima ukuzinyanga kuba abantu abanezi meko baneendlela zokucinga nezokuziphatha ezihlala zikhona.

Nangona kunjalo, abantu abane-AVPD banokusabela kakuhle kunyango. Oku kungenxa yokuba baziva becinezelekile kakhulu yile meko, kwaye abantu abaninzi abane-AVPD banomnqweno onamandla wokwakha ubudlelwane. Lo mnqweno unokuba yinto ebakhuthazayo ukuba basebenze kwisicwangciso sabo sonyango. Unyango lunokubandakanya ikakhulu unyango lwengqondo kunye namayeza.

Xa kunyangwa umntu onesi sifo, unyango luphumelela ngakumbi ukuba ufumana inkxaso kunye nongenelelo oluvela kusapho lwakhe.

Unyango lwengqondo (i-AVPD)

Unyango lwengqondo, okanye unyango lokuthetha, lolona khetho luphambili lonyango lweengxaki zobuntu. Injongo yonyango kukukunceda uchonge izizathu zangaphakathi kunye noloyiko oluhambelana neengcinga zakho kunye nokuziphatha kwakho. Ukongeza, ungafunda ukunxibelelana nabanye ngeendlela ezakhayo.

Iindidi ezimbini ze-psychotherapy ezinokunceda abantu abane-APD zezi:

• Unyango lwe-Psychodynamic: Olu hlobo lonyango lugxila kwiingcambu zengqondo zoxinzelelo lweemvakalelo. Ngokuzihlolisisa, ujonga ubudlelwane obunengxaki kunye neendlela zokuziphatha ebomini bakho. Oku kukunceda uziqonde ngcono. Kunokukunceda utshintshe indlela onxulumana ngayo nabanye kunye nendawo okuyo.
• Unyango Lokuziphatha Oluqondayo (i-CBT): Olu luhlobo lonyango olucwangcisiweyo nolujolise kwiinjongo. Ingcali yezonyango okanye ingcali yezengqondo ikunceda ujonge iingcinga zakho kunye neemvakalelo zakho. Uza kuqonda indlela iingcinga zakho ezichaphazela ngayo izenzo zakho. Nge-CBT, unokoyisa iingcinga kunye nokuziphatha okubi. Uza kufunda ukuphuhlisa iipateni zokucinga kunye nemikhwa enempilo. Oku kunokugxila ngakumbi ekuphuhliseni izakhono zentlalo.

Amayeza e-(AVPD)

Okwangoku akukho nyango lweengxaki zobuntu. Nangona kunjalo, kukho amayeza afumanekayo kwiimeko ezinje ngokudakumba kunye nokuxhalaba okunokwenzeka kubantu abane-APD. Ukunyanga ezi meko kunokwenza kube lula ukunyanga i-APD.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezilungileyo, kufuneka uthathe amayeza kunye nonyango lwengqondo.

Ithini ingqikelelo yabantu abane-AVPD?

Imbonakalo yeso sifo (i-AVPD) ixhomekeke ekubeni sinyangiwe okanye asinyangwa.

Ukuba ayinyangwa, i-AVPD inokubangela oku kulandelayo:

• Ukubakho kwezinye iimeko zempilo yengqondo ezifana nokudakumba, iingxaki zokusebenzisa iziyobisi, kunye neengxaki zokutya.
• Umngcipheko okhulayo wokudandatheka emva kokubeleka.
• Ukudana bubomi.
• Ubunzima emsebenzini.
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwentlalo.

Abantu abane-APD banezinga eliphezulu leembono zokuzibulala kunye nokuzama ukuzibulala. Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo ucinga ngokuzibulala, nceda ufune uncedo ngokukhawuleza kwingcali yezempilo yengqondo, umntu omdala othembekileyo, okanye utsalele umnxeba kumnxeba woncedo.

Ukunyanga isifo sokuthintela ubuntu (AVPD) yinkqubo ende. Ukuzimisela kwakho ukufuna nokuqhubeka nonyango kunokuba nefuthe elikhulu kwindlela ocinga ngayo. Ngonyango, abanye abantu abane-AVPD banokufunda ukunxibelelana nabanye ngeendlela ezisempilweni.

Ngaba i-AVPD ingathintelwa?

Ingxaki yokuphepha ubuntu (AVPD) ayinakuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, unyango lunokunceda ekunciphiseni iingxaki ezibangelwa yiyo. Ukufuna uncedo ngokukhawuleza nje xa iimpawu zibonakala kunokunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kobomi bomntu, usapho kunye nobudlelwane.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Khumbula, i-Avoidant Personality Disorder (AVPD) yimeko yempilo yengqondo. Njengazo zonke iimeko zempilo yengqondo, ukufuna uncedo ngokukhawuleza xa iimpawu zibonakala kunokunceda ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka ebomini bakho. Iingcali zempilo yengqondo zinokubonelela ngezicwangciso zonyango ukukunceda ulawule iingcinga zakho kunye nokuziphatha kwakho.

Izihlobo zabantu abane-APD zihlala zixinezelekile, zixinezelekile, kwaye zinesizungu. Kubalulekile ukunyamekela impilo yakho yengqondo kwaye ufune uncedo ukuba uhlangabezana nezi mpawu.

Awuwedwa. Ukuba uyayiqonda le meko kwaye ufuna uncedo olufanelekileyo, nawe ungafumana isiqabu kwaye uphile ubomi obungcono. Cela uncedo ngaphandle koloyiko nangokuzithemba.

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