Izifo Ezisulelayo NezifoJulayi 16, 2026🔄 Updated: Jul 16, 2026⏱ 5 min

Ngaba unentsholongwane okanye unentsholongwane? Masifumanise ukuba yintoni kanye kanye onayo (Iintsholongwane zebhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane)

Creator: Dr. Priya Sammani
Published: 2026-07-15T22:50:43.000Z

Dr. Priya Sammani, MBBS, PG Dip. FMMedical Verification

Sihlala sifumana umkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, ukukhohlela. Ngamanye amaxesha sifumana neentlungu zesisu, urhudo, njl. Ngamaxesha anje, sihlala sicinga, "Owu... le yintsholongwane." Kodwa akufuneki ukuba yintsholongwane rhoqo. Ngamanye amaxesha inokuba yintsholongwane ebangelwa yintsholongwane. Ngoko ke yintoni umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini, iintsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane? Sizibona njani? Makhe sithethe ngale nto kanye, ngokulula, namhlanje.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zosulelo lwebhaktiriya kunye nentsholongwane

Zombini ezi ntlobo zosulelo zinezinto ezininzi ezifanayo. Zombini zibangelwa ziintsholongwane esingenakuzibona ngamehlo ethu. Usulelo lweentsholongwane lubangelwa ziintsholongwane, kwaye usulelo lweentsholongwane lubangelwa ziintsholongwane. Zombini ezi ntlobo zinokusasazeka ngendlela efanayo.

Xa ukhohlela kwaye uthimla.
Xa usondelelene nomntu osulelekileyo (ingakumbi ngokumangana nokunxibelelana ngesondo).
Ukusuka kwiindawo ezingcolisiweyo, ukutya, namanzi.
Kwizilwanyana zasekhaya, kwizilwanyana zasefama, nakwizinambuzane ezifana neentakumba neenkozo.

Ezi microorganisms zinokubangela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezifo:

Usulelo olukhawulezileyo: Olu tshintsho luyaphela kwiintsuku ezimbalwa, iveki okanye ezimbini.
Izifo ezingapheliyo: Ezi zinokuhlala iiveki, iinyanga, okanye ubomi bonke.
Usulelo olufihlakeleyo: Olu sulelo lusenokungabonakalisi zimpawu ekuqaleni, kodwa lusenokuphinda lubuye emva kweenyanga okanye iminyaka.

Okubaluleke kakhulu, zombini izifo ezibangelwa yintsholongwane kunye nezifo ezibangelwa yintsholongwane zinokubangela ukugula okuncinci, okuphakathi, kunye nokugula okuqatha.

Yintoni umahluko omkhulu phakathi kweebhaktheriya neentsholongwane?

Nangona zombini iibhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane zincinci kakhulu ukuba zingabonwa ngaphandle kwemakroskopu, kukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwezi zimbini, njengendlulamthi kunye nentlanzi yegolide.

Iintsholongwane

Ngamafutshane, iibhaktheriya zizinto eziphilayo ezintsonkothileyo ezenziwe yiseli enye. Zinokuphila zodwa, zahlukane kwaye zande ngaphandle koncedo lwesinye isidalwa. Zinembali ebuyela umva malunga neminyaka eyi-3.5 yeebhiliyoni. Zinokuphila naphantsi kweemeko ezinzima zokusingqongileyo, ezifana nobushushu obugqithisileyo, ukubanda kakhulu, kunye nenkunkuma enemitha.

Kodwa ayizizo zonke iintsholongwane ezimbi njengoko sicinga. Uninzi lweentsholongwane alunabungozi. Ezinye iintsholongwane zisinceda sitye ukutya, zitshabalalise ezinye iintsholongwane ezibangela izifo, zilwe neeseli zomhlaza, kwaye zisinika nezondlo. Enyanisweni, ngaphantsi kwe-1% yeentsholongwane ezibangela izifo ebantwini .

Iintsholongwane

Iintsholongwane zincinci kakhulu kuneebhaktheriya. Zine-protein coat kunye nezinto zofuzo (i-RNA okanye i-DNA) ngaphakathi. Ngokungafaniyo neebhaktheriya, intsholongwane ayinakuphila yodwa.Ngokuqinisekileyo zifuna enye iseli ephilayo (umninimzi) ukuze ziphile kwaye zizale.

Oko kwenziwa yintsholongwane kukungena kwiseli esempilweni emzimbeni wethu, ilawule loo seli, ize isebenzise loo seli ukwenza amawaka ezinye iintsholongwane ezifana nayo. Ekugqibeleni, loo seli iyaqhuma ize ife, kodwa iintsholongwane ezisandula ukwenziwa ziyakhululwa zingene kwezinye iiseli.

Ngokungafaniyo neebhaktheriya, iintsholongwane ezininzi zibangela izifo kwaye zichaza ngokuthe ngqo uhlobo lweeseli ezizihlaselayo. Umzekelo, ezinye iintsholongwane zihlasela iiseli zesibindi, ngelixa ezinye zihlasela iiseli ezikwinkqubo yokuphefumla.

Ngaba ungazihlukanisa ezi zinto zimbini ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu?

Iimpawu zosulelo lwebhaktiriya kunye nolweentsholongwane zinokufana kakhulu.

Ukukhwehlela
Ukuthimla
Ifiva
Ukuhlanza
Urhudo
Ukudinwa
Intlungu yomzimba kunye nokuqhwalela

Ezi mpawu ziyindlela yamajoni ethu omzimba yokuzama ukuphelisa intsholongwane engene emzimbeni. Nangona iimpawu zifana, ezi ntlobo zimbini zosulelo zahlukile ngeendlela ezininzi, njengokuba zisabela njani kumayeza. Ngoko ke kunzima ukuqiniseka ukuba yintsholongwane okanye yintsholongwane ngokujonga nje iimpawu.

Iintsholongwane eziqhelekileyo kunye nezifo

Makhe sijonge izifo eziqhelekileyo esijongene nazo ebomini bethu.

Usulelo oluqhelekileyo lweebhaktheriya

Iintsholongwane eziqhelekileyo

Usulelo lomphimbo (umphimbo obuhlungu)

Isifo seLyme (esithwalwa ziincukuthu)

Ityhefu yokutya (iSalmonella)

Usulelo lwendlela yomchamo (E. coli)

Amathumba esikhumba kunye nosulelo (i-Impetigo, i-cellulitis)

Izifo ezidluliselwa ngesondo (iChlamydia, iGonorrhea)

I-pneumonia yebhaktheriya

Kwinkqubo yokuphefumla:

Okubandayo Okunye

Umkhuhlane (umkhuhlane)

I-Covid-19 (i-COVID-19)

Usulelo lwe-RSV

Kwinkqubo yokwetyisa:

Intsholongwane yeRota(I-Rotavirus)

iNorovirus

I-Hepatitis, echaphazela isibindi

Kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo:

Ipoliyo

Isifo seRabies

Ugqirha uyifumanisa njani le nto kanye kanye?

Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba unentsholongwane okanye usulelo lwebhaktiriya, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha wakho. Into encinci njengomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo ayifanele ixhalabise ngayo.

Ngenxa yokuba ezinye izifo, ezifana ne-pneumonia, i-meningitis, kunye norhudo, zinokubangelwa ziibhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane, ngamanye amaxesha kunzima ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni ebangela oko. Kodwa ugqirha wakho unokufumana umbono ngokuthatha imbali yakho yezonyango aze enze uvavanyo lomzimba.

Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ungacelwa ukuba wenze uvavanyo lwegazi, uvavanyo lomchamo, okanye uvavanyo lwenkcubeko ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa. Olu vavanyo lunokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba usulelo lubangelwa yibhaktheriya okanye yintsholongwane.

Iphathwa njani? Ngaba kukho umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini?

Ewe, unyango lwezi ntlobo zimbini zosulelo lwahluke ngokupheleleyo.

Unyango lwezifo ezibangelwa yintsholongwane

Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane asetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane. Olu luvumbululo olubaluleke kakhulu kwezonyango.

Kodwa nantsi into ebaluleke kakhulu ekufuneka siyikhumbule sonke: Ii-antibiotics azisebenzi kwiintsholongwane!

Ngelishwa, kuba sisebenzisa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane xa engafuneki kwaye ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha, ezinye iintsholongwane ngoku ziye zamelana naloo mayeza (ukuxhathisa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane). Oku kube yingxaki enkulu yempilo kwihlabathi lanamhlanje.

Unyango lwezifo ezibangelwa yintsholongwane

Ukunyanga izifo ezibangelwa yintsholongwane kunzima kancinci kuba iintsholongwane zihlala ngaphakathi kwiiseli zethu.

Iigonyo: Ukugonywa yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela izifo ezininzi ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane. Iigonyo zisinceda sikhuseleke kwizifo ezifana ne-masisi, i-polio, i-mumps, i-hepatitis B, kunye ne-HPV.
Amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane: Kukho amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane kwezinye izifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane ezifana ne-herpes, i-HIV/AIDS, kunye ne-influenza. Nangona kunjalo, la mayeza afanele asetyenziswe kuphela phantsi kwengcebiso kagqirha.

Ukusebenzisa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane xa usulelo lwentsholongwane akuncedi. Kubulala kuphela iintsholongwane ezilungileyo emizimbeni yethu kwaye kudala iintsholongwane ezimelana namayeza okubulala iintsholongwane. Ke ngoko,Kububulumko ukungasebenzisi amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ngaphandle kokuba kukho ubungqina obucacileyo bosulelo lwebhaktiriya.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Iimpawu zosulelo lwebhaktiriya kunye nolwentsholongwane zinokufana, ngoko ke musa ukugweba ukuba loluphi usulelo olukhoyo ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zodwa.

Iintsholongwane ziiseli ezinokuphila zodwa. Intsholongwane yintsholongwane edinga enye iseli ephilayo ukuze iphile kwaye isasazeke.

Ii-antibiotics zisebenza kuphela ngokuchasene nosulelo lweebhaktiriya. Azinampembelelo kwiintsholongwane.

Ungaze uthathe amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane wedwa ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha. Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukunike amayeza, qiniseka ukuba uwathatha ixesha lonke elimiselweyo.

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzikhusela kwizifo ezininzi eziyingozi zentsholongwane kukugonywa.

Ukuba unamathandabuzo ngesi sifo onaso, ukuba iimpawu zakho zinzima, okanye ukuba awuphucuki kwiintsuku ezimbalwa, nceda ubone ugqirha wakho.

Iintsholongwane, iintsholongwane, usulelo, amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, iimpawu, unyango, umkhuhlane

⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

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Izifo Ezisulelayo NezifoJulayi 16, 2026
Ngaba unentsholongwane okanye unentsholongwane? Masifumanise ukuba yintoni kanye kanye onayo (Iintsholongwane zebhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane)
Dr. Priya SammaniMedical Verification
⏱ 5 min read
📋Table of Contents
1. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zosulelo lwebhaktiriya kunye nentsholongwane
2. Yintoni umahluko omkhulu phakathi kweebhaktheriya neentsholongwane?
3. Iintsholongwane
4. Iintsholongwane
5. Ngaba ungazihlukanisa ezi zinto zimbini ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu?
6. Iintsholongwane eziqhelekileyo kunye nezifo
7. Ugqirha uyifumanisa njani le nto kanye kanye?
8. Iphathwa njani? Ngaba kukho umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini?
9. Unyango lwezifo ezibangelwa yintsholongwane
10. Unyango lwezifo ezibangelwa yintsholongwane
11. Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
Sihlala sifumana umkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, ukukhohlela. Ngamanye amaxesha sifumana neentlungu zesisu, urhudo, njl. Ngamaxesha anje, sihlala sicinga, "Owu... le yintsholongwane." Kodwa akufuneki ukuba yintsholongwane rhoqo. Ngamanye amaxesha inokuba yintsholongwane ebangelwa yintsholongwane. Ngoko ke yintoni umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini, iintsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane? Sizibona njani? Makhe sithethe ngale nto kanye, ngokulula, namhlanje.
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zosulelo lwebhaktiriya kunye nentsholongwane
Zombini ezi ntlobo zosulelo zinezinto ezininzi ezifanayo. Zombini zibangelwa ziintsholongwane esingenakuzibona ngamehlo ethu. Usulelo lweentsholongwane lubangelwa ziintsholongwane, kwaye usulelo lweentsholongwane lubangelwa ziintsholongwane. Zombini ezi ntlobo zinokusasazeka ngendlela efanayo.
Xa ukhohlela kwaye uthimla.
Xa usondelelene nomntu osulelekileyo (ingakumbi ngokumangana nokunxibelelana ngesondo).
Ukusuka kwiindawo ezingcolisiweyo, ukutya, namanzi.
Kwizilwanyana zasekhaya, kwizilwanyana zasefama, nakwizinambuzane ezifana neentakumba neenkozo.
Ezi microorganisms zinokubangela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezifo:
Usulelo olukhawulezileyo: Olu tshintsho luyaphela kwiintsuku ezimbalwa, iveki okanye ezimbini.
Izifo ezingapheliyo: Ezi zinokuhlala iiveki, iinyanga, okanye ubomi bonke.
Usulelo olufihlakeleyo: Olu sulelo lusenokungabonakalisi zimpawu ekuqaleni, kodwa lusenokuphinda lubuye emva kweenyanga okanye iminyaka.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, zombini izifo ezibangelwa yintsholongwane kunye nezifo ezibangelwa yintsholongwane zinokubangela ukugula okuncinci, okuphakathi, kunye nokugula okuqatha.
Yintoni umahluko omkhulu phakathi kweebhaktheriya neentsholongwane?
Nangona zombini iibhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane zincinci kakhulu ukuba zingabonwa ngaphandle kwemakroskopu, kukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwezi zimbini, njengendlulamthi kunye nentlanzi yegolide.
Iintsholongwane
Ngamafutshane, iibhaktheriya zizinto eziphilayo ezintsonkothileyo ezenziwe yiseli enye. Zinokuphila zodwa, zahlukane kwaye zande ngaphandle koncedo lwesinye isidalwa. Zinembali ebuyela umva malunga neminyaka eyi-3.5 yeebhiliyoni. Zinokuphila naphantsi kweemeko ezinzima zokusingqongileyo, ezifana nobushushu obugqithisileyo, ukubanda kakhulu, kunye nenkunkuma enemitha.
Kodwa ayizizo zonke iintsholongwane ezimbi njengoko sicinga. Uninzi lweentsholongwane alunabungozi. Ezinye iintsholongwane zisinceda sitye ukutya, zitshabalalise ezinye iintsholongwane ezibangela izifo, zilwe neeseli zomhlaza, kwaye zisinika nezondlo. Enyanisweni, ngaphantsi kwe-1% yeentsholongwane ezibangela izifo ebantwini .
Iintsholongwane
Iintsholongwane zincinci kakhulu kuneebhaktheriya. Zine-protein coat kunye nezinto zofuzo (i-RNA okanye i-DNA) ngaphakathi. Ngokungafaniyo neebhaktheriya, intsholongwane ayinakuphila yodwa.Ngokuqinisekileyo zifuna enye iseli ephilayo (umninimzi) ukuze ziphile kwaye zizale.
Oko kwenziwa yintsholongwane kukungena kwiseli esempilweni emzimbeni wethu, ilawule loo seli, ize isebenzise loo seli ukwenza amawaka ezinye iintsholongwane ezifana nayo. Ekugqibeleni, loo seli iyaqhuma ize ife, kodwa iintsholongwane ezisandula ukwenziwa ziyakhululwa zingene kwezinye iiseli.
Ngokungafaniyo neebhaktheriya, iintsholongwane ezininzi zibangela izifo kwaye zichaza ngokuthe ngqo uhlobo lweeseli ezizihlaselayo. Umzekelo, ezinye iintsholongwane zihlasela iiseli zesibindi, ngelixa ezinye zihlasela iiseli ezikwinkqubo yokuphefumla.
Ngaba ungazihlukanisa ezi zinto zimbini ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu?
Iimpawu zosulelo lwebhaktiriya kunye nolweentsholongwane zinokufana kakhulu.
Ukukhwehlela
Ukuthimla
Ifiva
Ukuhlanza
Urhudo
Ukudinwa
Intlungu yomzimba kunye nokuqhwalela
Ezi mpawu ziyindlela yamajoni ethu omzimba yokuzama ukuphelisa intsholongwane engene emzimbeni. Nangona iimpawu zifana, ezi ntlobo zimbini zosulelo zahlukile ngeendlela ezininzi, njengokuba zisabela njani kumayeza. Ngoko ke kunzima ukuqiniseka ukuba yintsholongwane okanye yintsholongwane ngokujonga nje iimpawu.
Iintsholongwane eziqhelekileyo kunye nezifo
Makhe sijonge izifo eziqhelekileyo esijongene nazo ebomini bethu.
Usulelo oluqhelekileyo lweebhaktheriya Iintsholongwane eziqhelekileyo
Usulelo lomphimbo (umphimbo obuhlungu)
Isifo seLyme (esithwalwa ziincukuthu)
Ityhefu yokutya (iSalmonella)
Usulelo lwendlela yomchamo (E. coli)
Amathumba esikhumba kunye nosulelo (i-Impetigo, i-cellulitis)
Izifo ezidluliselwa ngesondo (iChlamydia, iGonorrhea)
I-pneumonia yebhaktheriya
Kwinkqubo yokuphefumla:
Okubandayo Okunye
Umkhuhlane (umkhuhlane)
I-Covid-19 (i-COVID-19)
Usulelo lwe-RSV
Kwinkqubo yokwetyisa:
Intsholongwane yeRota(I-Rotavirus)
iNorovirus
I-Hepatitis, echaphazela isibindi
Kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo:
Ipoliyo
Isifo seRabies
Ugqirha uyifumanisa njani le nto kanye kanye?
Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba unentsholongwane okanye usulelo lwebhaktiriya, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha wakho. Into encinci njengomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo ayifanele ixhalabise ngayo.
Ngenxa yokuba ezinye izifo, ezifana ne-pneumonia, i-meningitis, kunye norhudo, zinokubangelwa ziibhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane, ngamanye amaxesha kunzima ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni ebangela oko. Kodwa ugqirha wakho unokufumana umbono ngokuthatha imbali yakho yezonyango aze enze uvavanyo lomzimba.
Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ungacelwa ukuba wenze uvavanyo lwegazi, uvavanyo lomchamo, okanye uvavanyo lwenkcubeko ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa. Olu vavanyo lunokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba usulelo lubangelwa yibhaktheriya okanye yintsholongwane.
Iphathwa njani? Ngaba kukho umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini?
Ewe, unyango lwezi ntlobo zimbini zosulelo lwahluke ngokupheleleyo.
Unyango lwezifo ezibangelwa yintsholongwane
Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane asetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane. Olu luvumbululo olubaluleke kakhulu kwezonyango.
Kodwa nantsi into ebaluleke kakhulu ekufuneka siyikhumbule sonke: Ii-antibiotics azisebenzi kwiintsholongwane!
Ngelishwa, kuba sisebenzisa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane xa engafuneki kwaye ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha, ezinye iintsholongwane ngoku ziye zamelana naloo mayeza (ukuxhathisa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane). Oku kube yingxaki enkulu yempilo kwihlabathi lanamhlanje.
Unyango lwezifo ezibangelwa yintsholongwane
Ukunyanga izifo ezibangelwa yintsholongwane kunzima kancinci kuba iintsholongwane zihlala ngaphakathi kwiiseli zethu.
Iigonyo: Ukugonywa yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela izifo ezininzi ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane. Iigonyo zisinceda sikhuseleke kwizifo ezifana ne-masisi, i-polio, i-mumps, i-hepatitis B, kunye ne-HPV.
Amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane: Kukho amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane kwezinye izifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane ezifana ne-herpes, i-HIV/AIDS, kunye ne-influenza. Nangona kunjalo, la mayeza afanele asetyenziswe kuphela phantsi kwengcebiso kagqirha.
Ukusebenzisa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane xa usulelo lwentsholongwane akuncedi. Kubulala kuphela iintsholongwane ezilungileyo emizimbeni yethu kwaye kudala iintsholongwane ezimelana namayeza okubulala iintsholongwane. Ke ngoko,Kububulumko ukungasebenzisi amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ngaphandle kokuba kukho ubungqina obucacileyo bosulelo lwebhaktiriya.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
Iimpawu zosulelo lwebhaktiriya kunye nolwentsholongwane zinokufana, ngoko ke musa ukugweba ukuba loluphi usulelo olukhoyo ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zodwa.
Iintsholongwane ziiseli ezinokuphila zodwa. Intsholongwane yintsholongwane edinga enye iseli ephilayo ukuze iphile kwaye isasazeke.
Ii-antibiotics zisebenza kuphela ngokuchasene nosulelo lweebhaktiriya. Azinampembelelo kwiintsholongwane.
Ungaze uthathe amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane wedwa ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha. Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukunike amayeza, qiniseka ukuba uwathatha ixesha lonke elimiselweyo.
Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzikhusela kwizifo ezininzi eziyingozi zentsholongwane kukugonywa.
Ukuba unamathandabuzo ngesi sifo onaso, ukuba iimpawu zakho zinzima, okanye ukuba awuphucuki kwiintsuku ezimbalwa, nceda ubone ugqirha wakho.
Iintsholongwane, iintsholongwane, usulelo, amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, iimpawu, unyango, umkhuhlane
⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.
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