Ngaba wakha waphawula ukuba umama, utata, umakhulu, okanye utatomkhulu wakho bayalibala izinto njengoko bekhula? Ngamanye amaxesha kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukulibala ukuba ziphi izitshixo zakho, igama lomntu, okanye into obuza kuyenza. Nangona sinokucinga ukuba le yindlela "esikhula ngayo," ngamanye amaxesha ukuba oku kulibala kuba nzima kangangokuba kwenza kube nzima ukwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla, kunokuba sisiqalo semeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-dementia. Ungakhathazeki, siza kuthetha ngale nto ngendlela elula namhlanje, ukuze uqonde.
Yintoni kanye kanye iDementia?
Ngamafutshane, i-dementia ayisosifo esinye. Yingqokelela yeempawu. Ibangelwa kukonakala kweeseli zethu zengqondo, okuthi kancinci kancinci kunciphise amandla ethu okucinga, ukukhumbula, ukuqiqa, nokusebenzisa ulwimi. Le meko inokusichaphazela kude kube kwinqanaba apho singasakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla sodwa.
Cinga nge-dementia njengesambulela esikhulu. Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zezifo phantsi kweso sambulela. Esona sibalulekileyo nesona abantu abaninzi basive ngaso sisifo sika-Alzheimer . Ama-70%-80% abantu abanesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo bane-dementia ebangelwa sisifo sika-Alzheimer. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye izifo ezingama-50 ezibangela i-dementia ngaphandle kwe-Alzheimer's.
Musa ukubhidanisa i-dementia ne-delirium.
Ngamanye amaxesha ungabona umntu omdala ephazamiseka ngequbuliso aze enze ngathi ulahlekelwa yingqondo. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-delirium. Oku kwahlukile kakhulu kwi-dementia.
- I-Delirium: Le yimeko efika ngequbuliso emva kosuku olunye okanye ezimbini . Ingabangelwa zizifo ezithile, amayeza athile, okanye emva kotyando. Inganyangwa kwaye inyangeke ngokupheleleyo .
- I-Dementia: Le yimeko ekhula kancinci kancinci kwiinyanga okanye kwiminyaka . Kudla ngokuba nzima ukuyibuyisela umva.
Ingaba i-dementia yinto eqhelekileyo yokwaluphala?
Le yingxaki abantu abaninzi abanayo. Kuqhelekile ukulibala izinto ezincinci njengoko sikhula. Kodwa isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo siyinto eyahlukileyo. Masiwuqonde kakuhle lo mahluko.
| Ukwaluphala Okuqhelekileyo | Iimpawu zeDementia |
|---|---|
| Ngamanye amaxesha ndiyalibala igama lomntu, kodwa ndiyalikhumbula kamva. | Ndide ndilibale namagama ezalamane nabahlobo bam abasondeleyo. |
| Ndikhangela ikhabhathi yesipili, apho kwakukho khona isitshixo, kodwa ndiyasikhumbula emva kwexesha elithile. | Izinto zifakwa kwiindawo ezingaqhelekanga (umz., isitshixo sifakwe kwibhotile yeswekile) kwaye azikhumbuli ukuba zibekwe njani. |
| Nokuba awukhumbuli nelilodwa igama, usengakwazi ukuqhubeka nencoko. | Bayalibala namagama alula, baphazama amagama xa bethetha, okanye basebenzise amagama angafanelekanga. |
| Imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla (ukupheka, ukuhlawula amatyala) ingenziwa ngokuqhelekileyo. | Kuba nzima ukwenza umsebenzi owuqhelise kakuhle (umz., ukwenza iti), kwaye amanyathelo ayabhideka. |
| Ubuchule bokwenza izigqibo buqhelekile. | Unengxaki yokukhetha phakathi kokulungileyo nokungalunganga, wenza izigqibo ezingaqhelekanga (umz., ukunxiba impahla yasebusika ehlotyeni). |
Khumbula, ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo okuqhelekileyo okunxulumene nokwaluphala akunampembelelo ingako kubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla. Kodwa xa une-dementia, impembelelo iba nkulu ngakumbi nangakumbi.
Zithini izizathu zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo?
I-Dementia ibangelwa kukonakala kweeseli zemithambo-luvo (ii-neurons) ebuchotsheni bethu kunye nokulahleka konxibelelwano phakathi kwazo. Iimpawu ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni lo monakalo wenzeka phi ebuchotsheni.
Izizathu eziphambili zezi:
- Isifo sika-Alzheimer: Kwesi sifo, iiproteni ezingafunekiyo (ii-amyloid plaques) ziyaqokelelana phakathi kweeseli zobuchopho kwaye olunye uhlobo lweproteni (ii-tau tangles) luyadibana ngaphakathi kweeseli. Oku kubangela ukuba iiseli zife.
- I-Vascular Dementia: Imeko ebangelwa kukonakala kwemithambo yegazi ethwala igazi liye engqondweni. Ingabangelwa zizifo ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, isifo seswekile, i-cholesterol ephezulu, kunye nesifo sohlangothi.
- I-Lewy body dementia (LBD): Le meko ibangelwa kukwakheka kwee-protein clumps ezingaqhelekanga ezibizwa ngokuba yi-Lewy bodies ngaphakathi kweeseli zobuchopho.
- Isifo sengqondo esibizwa ngokuba yi-Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD):Kubangelwa kukonakala kweeseli ezikwi-frontal kunye ne-temporal lobes yobuchopho. Oku kunokukhokelela kutshintsho olukhulu kwindlela yokuziphatha kunye nobuntu.
- Ukulimala kakhulu entloko: Ukulimala kakhulu entloko okubangelwa ziingozi nako kunokubangela i-dementia ekuhambeni kwexesha.
Ukongeza , izizathu ezinokunyangwa ezifana nokunqongophala kwevithamini B12, iingxaki zehomoni ye-thyroid, kunye nezinye izifo zinokubangela iimpawu ezifana ne-dementia. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha kwangoko xa ufumana iingxaki zenkumbulo ukuze ufumane unobangela ochanekileyo.
Zithini izinto ezibangela umngcipheko? - Izinto esifanele siziqaphele
Kukho izinto ezininzi ezibangela umngcipheko wokuba nesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo:
- Ubudala: Umngcipheko uyanda kancinci kancinci emva kweminyaka engama-65.
- Imbali yosapho: Ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho (umama, utata, abantakwenu noodadewabo) ukhe waba ne-dementia, nawe usemngciphekweni omkhulu kancinci.
- Isifo sentliziyo: Ukungazilawuli izinto ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, isifo seswekile, kunye ne-cholesterol ephezulu.
- Indlela yokuphila: Ukutshaya, ukusela utywala kakhulu, ukutya ukutya okungafanelekanga, kunye nokungazilolongi.
- Uxinzelelo: Uxinzelelo lwexesha elide kunye noxinzelelo nazo zizinto ezinobungozi.
- Ukuzihlukanisa nabanye: Ukuba wedwa ngaphandle kokunxulumana nabanye abantu akuyonto ilungileyo kwimpilo yengqondo.
Ungaziqonda njani iimpawu zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo?
Kwinqanaba lokuqala le-dementia, iimpawu zinokuba zingabonakali kangako, kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha, ziyacaca ngakumbi.
- Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo yexesha elifutshane: Ukulibala oko kwathethwa kudala, ukubuza umbuzo ofanayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo.
- Iingxaki zonxibelelwano: Ubunzima bokufumana amagama afanelekileyo xa uthetha, ukhubeka kwinto ozama ukuyithetha.
- Ukulahleka: Ukungakwazi ukufumana indlela yakho kwindlela enyathelweyo, nokuba ukwilali yakho.
- Ubunzima bokwenza imisebenzi yesiqhelo: Ukudideka amanyathelo emisebenzi elula efana nokwenza iti, ukupheka isidlo, okanye ukuhlawula ityala.
- Utshintsho kubuntu nakwindlela yokuziphatha: Ukuba nomsindo ngakumbi, ukucaphuka, ukurhanela, okanye ukungakhathali kunangaphambili.
- Ukubona okanye ukuva izinto ezingaqhelekanga (Iingcinga Ezingaqondakaliyo): Ukuthi ubona okanye uva izinto ezingekhoyo ngokwenene.
- Ukukhohlisa: Ukukholelwa kakhulu kwizinto ezingeyonyani (umz. ukucinga ukuba umntu ube imali).
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-dementia?
Nangona iintlobo ezininzi zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo zingenakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo, kukho unyango olunokulawula iimpawu kwaye lucothise ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo.
1. Amayeza:
- Izithinteli zeCholinesterase(Umzekelo: Donepezil, Rivastigmine): Ezi zisebenza ngokunyusa amanqanaba ekhemikhali engqondweni enceda ekukhumbuleni nasekucingeni. Ezi zihlala zinikwa amanqanaba okuqala naphakathi esifo sika-Alzheimer.
- I-Memantine: Oku kunceda ukulawula iimpawu kwisigaba esiphakathi nesesiqatha sesifo.
- Ukongeza, ugqirha angakunika amanye amayeza okulawula iingxaki zokuziphatha (ukuxhalaba, ukudakumba).
2. Unyango olungelulo olusebenzisa amayeza:
- Unyango lomsebenzi: Lufundisa isigulana kunye nabanakekeli indlela yokwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla ngokukhuselekileyo nangokulula.
- Ukulungisa imeko-bume: Kubalulekile ukunciphisa izinto ezingafunekiyo ekhayeni nokudala imeko-bume elula nengenazinto zininzi. Gcina izinto ezinokuba yingozi kwisigulana (iimela, iimatshisi) kude nokubonwa.
- Inkqubo eqhelekileyo: Ukudala inkqubo efana nokutya, ukuhlamba, kunye nokulala ngexesha elinye yonke imihla kunokunciphisa ixhala lesigulana.
Ungaphila njani ne-dementia? - Iingcebiso kubaguli nakubanakekeli
Ukufumana uxilongo lokuba une-dementia kunokuba yinto eyoyikisayo kumguli nakwintsapho yakhe. Nangona kunjalo, ngenkxaso efanelekileyo kunye nocwangciso, kunokwenzeka ukuba uphile ubomi obuhle.
Kwisigulana:
- Hlala ukhuthele: Zibandakanye kwimidlalo yokuzilolonga kunye nemidlalo evuselela ingqondo (iipuzzle, itshesi).
- Yiba nobuhlobo nabantu: Thetha nabahlobo kunye nezalamane.
- Yitya ukutya okunempilo: Yitya ukutya okunesondlo.
- Thetha ngeemvakalelo zakho: Yabelana ngeemvakalelo zakho nomntu omthembayo.
Kwabo Banyamekela Abantwana:
- Yiba nomonde: Ukuba babuza into enye ngokuphindaphindiweyo, mamela ngomonde. Musa ukuzama ukuphikisana nabo.
- Thetha ngokulula: Thetha ngezivakalisi ezimfutshane nezilula. Musa ukubuza imibuzo emininzi ngaxeshanye.
- Lumka ukhuseleko: Qinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabo ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwekhaya.
- Cinga nawe: Ukunyamekela umntu onesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo kunokuba nzima engqondweni nasemzimbeni. Ngoko ke zinike ixesha lokuphumla kwaye ucinge ngempilo yakho. Cela uncedo ukuba uyalufuna.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Dementia ayisosifo esinye, kodwa yingqokelela yeempawu ezibangela ukuba inkumbulo kunye nezakhono zokucinga zinciphe.
- Kukho umahluko ocacileyo phakathi kokulibala okuqhelekileyo okwenzeka xa umntu ekhula kunye ne-dementia.
- Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba wena okanye umntu omthandayo uneempawu ze-dementia,Eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukubona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.
- Nangona ezinye iintlobo zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo zingenakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo, kukho unyango olunokunceda ukulawula iimpawu kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi.
- Uthando, umonde, kunye nenkxaso zibaluleke kakhulu ngeli xesha lohambo, kokubili kwisigulana nakuwe, wena mnakekeli.
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