Ngaba umama wakho, umakhulu, udadewenu, okanye ilungu losapho olusondeleyo lwakhe lwaba nomhlaza webele? Xa oko kusenzeka, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuziva uloyiko olukhulu kunye nexhala, uzibuza, "Ngaba nam ndiza kuwufumana?" Rhoqo, olu hlobo lomhlaza lunokunxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko wofuzo. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngovavanyo olukhethekileyo olukhangela loo mngcipheko wofuzo. Olu luvavanyo lwe-BRCA gene.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni olu vavanyo lwe-BRCA?
Kulungile, masiyibeke ngolu hlobo. Sonke sineentlobo ezimbini zeejini emizimbeni yethu ezibizwa ngokuba yi-BRCA1 kunye ne -BRCA2 . Umsebenzi wazo ophambili kukulungisa i-DNA yeeseli zomzimba wethu kunye nokuthintela iiseli zomhlaza ukuba zingakhuli ngendlela elawulekayo. Kufana noonogada bomzimba. Yiyo loo nto sikwabiza ezi jini zokuthintela i-tumor.
Khawucinge nje, kwenzeka ntoni ukuba kukho isiphene, okanye utshintsho, kwezi jini zikhuselayo? Emva koko inkqubo ethintela ukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza iyancitshiswa. Oku kwandisa kakhulu umngcipheko womhlaza wamabele, umhlaza wesibeleko , kunye nezinye iintlobo ezininzi zomhlaza.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ezi nguqu zezakhi zofuzo ze-BRCA zidluliselwa kwilifa . Oko kuthetha ukuba zinokudluliselwa ukusuka kumama ukuya kumntwana. Uvavanyo lwe-BRCA luthatha isampuli yegazi lakho kwaye lujonge ukuba ngaba unenguqu enobungozi kwizakhi zofuzo ze-BRCA1 okanye ze-BRCA2.
Ngaba wonke umntu kufuneka afumane olu vavanyo lwe-BRCA?
Hayi, akunjalo konke konke. Ezi ziphene ze-BRCA azixhaphakanga kangako kuluntu. Ngenxa yoko, oogqirha abalucebisi olu vavanyo ngaphandle kokuba uneempawu ezithile ezinobungozi. Olu asilovavanyo olulungiselelwe nje umdla.
Ngoko ke, ngabaphi abantu ugqirha angacebisa olu vavanyo? Makhe sibone.
| Into enobungozi | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Imbali yomhlaza womntu | Ukuba nawe ukhe waba nomhlaza webele, ingakumbi ukuba ubungaphambi kokuba ube neminyaka engama-50 ubudala. Okanye ukuba ukhe waba nomhlaza webele kunye nowesibeleko. |
| Imbali yomhlaza wosapho | Ukuba elinye okanye amalungu osapho lwakho (njengomama wakho, udadewenu, intombi yakho, umakazi wakho) bakhe baba nomhlaza webele, ingakumbi ukuba indoda ikhe yaba nomhlaza webele, loo nto nayo inegalelo elikhulu. |
| Isiphene se-BRCA esele sichongiwe | Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho osele eqinisekisiwe ukuba une-BRCA gene defect. |
| Ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza | Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho okhe waba nomhlaza ofana nomhlaza wesibeleko, umhlaza wepancreatic, okanye umhlaza weprostate. |
| Izifo ezingaqhelekanga ezizuzwa njengelifa | Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onezinye izifo ezidluliselwa lilifa ezibangela umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza, njengeCowden syndrome okanye iLi-Fraumeni syndrome. |
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba akufanele uzikhethele ngokwakho ukuba uza kulwenza na olu vavanyo okanye hayi. Kungcono ukuxoxa ngale nto nogqirha wakho uze wenze isigqibo ngokusekelwe kwingcebiso yakhe.
Yintoni esinokuyifunda kuvavanyo lwe-BRCA?
Ukuba olu vavanyo luqinisekisa ukuba unesiphako se-BRCA gene, oko kuthetha ukuba usengozini ephezulu kuneqhelekileyo yokuhlaselwa ziintlobo ezithile zomhlaza.
Khawucinge ngoku: Umntu onotshintsho lwe-BRCA gene usengozini ephindwe kathandathu yokuba nomhlaza webele xa eneminyaka engama-80 xa kuthelekiswa nabantu ngokubanzi. Lo mhlaza unokwenzeka kakhulu xa usemncinci kwaye uchaphazele amabele omabini.
Ukongeza kumhlaza webele, esi siphene semfuza sinokunyusa umngcipheko wezinye iintlobo ezininzi zomhlaza:
- Umhlaza we-ovarian : Kwakhona okunxulumene nawo ngumhlaza we-fallopian tube kunye nomhlaza we-peritoneal.
- Umhlaza weprostate : Kwamadoda.
- Umhlaza wePancreatic
- I-Fanconi anemia : Umhlaza ongaqhelekanga onokwenzeka ebuntwaneni.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngaphambi, ngexesha nasemva kovavanyo?
Le nkqubo ayinzima njengoko unokucinga.
Ngaphambi kovavanyo
Ngokwesiqhelo uza kuthunyelwa kumcebisi wezemfuza . Aba ngabantu abanolwazi ngemfuza, ilifa, kunye nomngcipheko womhlaza. Uza kukuchazela oku kulandelayo:
- Kuthetha ukuthini ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo `Zilungile` okanye `Zimbi`?
- Isiphumo siyichaphazela njani ingozi yakho yomhlaza?
- Esi siphumo siza kuyichaphazela njani yonke intsapho yakho (abantwana, abantakwenu noodadewethu)?
Ngexesha lovavanyo
Kulula kakhulu. Kuthatha nje isampuli yegazi emthanjeni osengalweni yakho. Kufana nokunika igazi ukuze kwenziwe uvavanyo lwegazi rhoqo. Nangona usenokuva intlungu encinci xa kufakwa inaliti, yonke le nkqubo ithatha ngaphantsi kwemizuzu emihlanu.
Emva kovavanyo
Kungathatha iiveki ezininzi ukuba iziphumo zibuye. Emva kokuba iziphumo zibuyile, kuya kufuneka udibane nomcebisi wakho wezofuzo kwakhona. Uza kukunceda uqonde iziphumo kwaye uxoxe ngamanyathelo ekufuneka uwathathe ngokulandelayo.
Zithetha ukuthini iziphumo?
Kukho iintlobo ezintathu zeziphumo ezinokwenzeka. Masithethe ngazo ngokucacileyo nganye nganye.
| Uhlobo lwesiphumo | Ithetha ntoni le nto? |
|---|---|
| 1. Isiphumo siba sihle. | |
| Intsingiselo | Oku kuthetha ukuba unotshintsho kwi-gene yakho ye-BRCA1 okanye ye-BRCA2 oluyandisa umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuthethi ukuba unomhlaza okanye uza kuwufumana ngokuqinisekileyo. Kuthetha nje ukuba umngcipheko wakho uphezulu. |
| Yintoni omawuyenze emva koko? | Ngoku ungathatha amanyathelo okunciphisa umngcipheko wakho. Emva kokuxoxa ngale nto nogqirha wakho, ungacinga ngezinto ezifana nezi:
|
| 2. Isiphumo siba sibi. | |
| Intsingiselo | Kuthetha ukuba awunaso isiphene sejini ye-BRCA emzimbeni wakho. Oko kuthetha ukuba abantwana bakho abayi kufumana isiphene sejini ye-BRCA kuwe. |
| Kodwa... | Oku akuqinisekisi ukuba awusoze ufumane umhlaza. Kuthetha nje ukuba umngcipheko wakho ufana nowomntu othile kuluntu ngokubanzi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unembali enamandla yomhlaza kusapho lwakho, usenokuba notshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo olwahlukileyo oluyandisa umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza. Thetha nomcebisi wakho wezezakhi zofuzo ngale nto. |
| 3. Isiphumo asiqinisekanga (Asiqinisekanga / VUS) | |
| Intsingiselo | Oku kuyinkimbinkimbi kancinci. Oku kuthetha ukuba kukho utshintsho (`utshintsho`) kwi-gene yakho ye-BRCA, kodwa izazinzulu azikaqiniseki ukuba utshintsho luyingozi na, nto leyo eyonyusa umngcipheko womhlaza, okanye utshintsho oluqhelekileyo nolungenabungozi. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-`Utshintsho loBalulekileyo olungaziwayo (VUS).` |
| Yintoni omawuyenze emva koko? | Musa ukoyika ngeli xesha. Umcebisi wakho wezemfuza uza kukuchazela ngakumbi oku. Kusenokufuneka ukuba amanye amalungu osapho avavanywe okanye aziswe kwixesha elizayo ukuba ulwazi olutsha luyafumaneka. Okwangoku, olu hlobo lwesiphumo ludla ngokuthathwa njengesiphumo esibi. |
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Uvavanyo lwe-BRCA luvavanyo olukhethekileyo lwemfuza olujonga umngcipheko welifa webele, i-ovarian, kunye nezinye iintlobo ezininzi zomhlaza.
- Olu vavanyo alufanele lwenziwe ngumntu wonke. Oogqirha balucebisa kuphela kubantu abaneengxaki ezithile, njengembali yosapho lwabo yomhlaza.
- Iziphumo ezilungileyo azithethi ukuba unomhlaza. Oko kuthetha ukuba umngcipheko wakho uphezulu kwaye ungathatha amanyathelo okulawula loo mngcipheko.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxoxa ngale nto nogqirha kunye nomcebisi wezemfuza ngaphambi nasemva kokufumana iziphumo.
- Ulwazi lunamandla. Ukuqaphela iingozi zakho linyathelo elibalulekileyo ekukhuseleni impilo yakho neyentsapho yakho kwixesha elizayo.
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