Xa oogqirha beqinisekisa ukuba wena okanye umntu osondeleyo kuwe unomhlaza webele, kunzima ukuchaza uloyiko kunye nexhala olivayo. Kwangaxeshanye, xa oogqirha bethetha ngeemvavanyo ezahlukeneyo kunye nonyango , kunokuba nzima ukuqonda loo magama. Uvavanyo olunye oza kuliva rhoqo luvavanyo lwe-IHC. Nangona igama lisenokuvakala linzima kancinci, ungoyiki . Olu luvavanyo olubaluleke kakhulu olunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba akhethe unyango olufanelekileyo lomhlaza wakho. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngale nto ngendlela elula kakhulu, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.
Yintoni uvavanyo lwe-IHC ngokulula?
Ngamafutshane, i-IHC (Immunohistochemistry) luvavanyo olukhethekileyo oluchonga uhlobo oluchanekileyo lweeseli zakho zomhlaza. Ayizizo zonke iimhlaza zamabele ezifanayo. Ezinye iimhlaza zisebenzisa iihomoni emizimbeni yethu ukuze zikhule. Ezinye zixhomekeke kwezinye iiproteni ukuze zikhule. Ngoko ke wakuba wazi kakuhle ukuba zeziphi izinto ezinceda umhlaza wakho ukuba ukhule, ugqirha wakho unokujolisa kwezo zinto aze azinyange.
Uvavanyo lwe-IHC lujonga izinto ezimbini ikakhulu:
1. IiHormone Receptors : Imizimba yethu ivelisa ngokwendalo iihomoni ezibizwa ngokuba yi-estrogen kunye ne-progesterone. Ezinye iiseli zomhlaza webele zineendawo ezikhethekileyo kumphezulu wazo ezibizwa ngokuba zii-receptors apho ezi homoni zinokunamathela khona. Xa ezi homoni zinamathela, iiseli zomhlaza zifumana uphawu lokukhula. Ukuba iiseli zakho zomhlaza zinezi receptors zehomoni, kuthiwa "yi-hormone receptor-positive."
2. Iproteni ye-HER2: `(HER2)` yenye iproteni enceda ukulawula ukukhula kweeseli. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iiseli zomhlaza wamabele zivelisa kakhulu le protein ye-`HER2`. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-"HER2-positive". Esi sisizathu sokuba umhlaza ukhule ngokukhawuleza.
Injongo ephambili yolu vavanyo kukufumanisa ukuba zeziphi izinto "ezitya" umhlaza wakho, oko kukuthi, yintoni ebangela ukuba ukhule. Emva koko, singakunika amayeza aza kumisa loo "kutya".
Lwenziwa njani olu vavanyo lwe-IHC?
Olu vavanyo lufuna isampuli yeeseli zakho zomhlaza . Oku kudla ngokufunyanwa kwisiqwenga sethishu esithathwe ngexesha le-biopsy ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukhona umhlaza okanye ngexesha lotyando lokususa umhlaza.
Emva koko esi siqwenga sethishu sithunyelwa kwilabhoratri, oko kukuthi, kwilabhoratri. Apho, kwenzeka into enomdla kakhulu:
- Iingcali kwilebhu ziya kongeza ikhemikhali ekhethekileyo kwisampulu yeseli yakho yomhlaza. Oku kusebenzisa uhlobo lweproteni eyenziwe ngokukodwa kwilebhu. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba yi-"antibodies".
- Ezi `(antibodies)` zenzelwe ukunamathela kuphela kwi-`(Estrogen)`, `( Progesterone )` okanye `(HER2)` receptors. Njengesitshixo esingena kwisitshixo.
- Ukuba iiseli zakho zomhlaza zinezi receptors, ezo antibodies ziya kuhlala zinamathele kuzo.
- Emva koko, xa kongezwa enye ikhemikhali koku, iiseli ezinee-antibodies ezinamatheleyo zitshintsha umbala .
- Ingcali yezifo , okanye ingcali yembali, ijonga izicwili phantsi kwe-microscope ize ibale ukuba kukho na iiseli ezitshintshileyo umbala kwaye zingaphi na.
Le yindlela onokufumanisa ngayo ukuba umhlaza wakho 'une-HER2-positive', 'une-hormone receptor', okanye 'zombini azinazo'.
Uyiqonda njani into ekwingxelo yovavanyo?
Xa ufumana ingxelo yakho yovavanyo lwe-IHC, kunokuba yinto eyoyikisayo ukubona amanani kunye namagama akuyo. Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuhlala phantsi nogqirha wakho nithethe ngokucacileyo ngayo yonke into ekwingxelo . Nantsi indlela iziphumo ezidla ngokuxelwa ngayo:
Iziphumo ze-HER2
Iziphumo ze -`HER2` zihlala zinikwa njengenombolo.
| Isiphumo | Intsingiselo |
|---|---|
| 0 okanye 1+ | Oku kuthetha ukuba umhlaza wakho awunayo i-HER2 . Oku kuthetha ukuba iiseli zomhlaza azinazo ii-receptors ze-HER2 okanye zinamanqanaba aphantsi kakhulu azo. |
| 2+ | Le yimeko "engacacanga" okanye engabonakaliyo . Akunakwenzeka ukutsho ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ithumba li-HER2-positive okanye alinazo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ugqirha unokucebisa uvavanyo olucacileyo ngakumbi, olubizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lwe-FISH (Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization). |
| 3+ | Oku kuthetha ukuba umhlaza wakho une -HER2-positive . Oku kuthetha ukuba iiseli zomhlaza zine-HER2 receptors ezininzi kakhulu. |
Iziphumo zeHormone Receptor (ER/PR).
Ezi ziphumo zingaxelwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo:
- Njengepesenti (0% - 100%): Ipesenti yeeseli zomhlaza ezili-100 ezinee-receptors zehomoni.
- Inani ukusuka ku-0 ukuya ku-3: 0 lithetha ukuba akukho zi-receptors. 1, 2, kunye no-3 zibonisa ii-receptors eziphantsi, eziphakathi, kunye neziphezulu, ngokulandelelana.
- "Amanqaku e-Allred" (0-8): Okukhona la manqaku ephezulu, kokukhona inani lee-receptors likhula kwaye zicacile.
- "Ezilungileyo" okanye "Ezingalunganga": "Ezilungileyo" zithetha ukuba kukho ii-receptors. Nokuba zimbalwa njenge-1% zee-receptors, zisathathwa njenge "Ezilungileyo." Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukwazi ipesenti okanye amanqaku.
Ngamanye amaxesha iziphumo zinokuba ziphosakele. Ukuba unamathandabuzo, ungaze ungathandabuzi ukucela ugqirha wakho ukuba aphinde ahlolwe le ngxelo ngomnye "ugqirha wezifo" okanye aphinde uvavanyo.
Iziphumo ze-IHC ziluchaphazela njani unyango lwakho?
Le yeyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo. Ugqirha wakho we-oncologist uza kumisela isicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zovavanyo lwe-IHC.
| Uhlobo lomhlaza (ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo ze-IHC) | Unyango oluhambelanayo |
|---|---|
| I-HER2-positive | Unyango olujoliswe ekujoliswe kulo, olujolise kwiproteni ye-HER2, lusebenza kakhulu kolu hlobo. |
| I-HER2-negative | Olu hlobo lunokukhula kancinci kunomhlaza one-HER2. Amayeza ajoliswe kwi-HER2 awasebenzi kolu hlobo. Ngoko ke ugqirha wakho unokukhetha ezinye iindlela zonyango, ezifana ne-chemotherapy okanye unyango lwe-hormone. |
| I-hormone receptor-positive (ER+ kunye/okanye PR+) | Unyango lweehomoni lusebenza kakhulu kolu hlobo lomhlaza. La mayeza anciphisa inqanaba le-estrogen emzimbeni okanye athintele iiseli zomhlaza ekufumaneni i-estrogen. |
| I-hormone receptor-negative | Ezi cancer zihlala zikhula ngokukhawuleza. Unyango lweehomoni alunakuchaphazela oku. Ke ngoko, kufuneka ezinye iindlela zonyango, ezifana ne-chemotherapy. |
| I-Triple-positive | Oku kuthetha ukuba zonke ezi zintathu zilungile: `(Estrogen), `(Progesterone), kunye `HER2.` Aba bantu banokunikwa unyango lweehomoni kunye nonyango olujoliswe kwi-HER2. |
| I-triple-negative | Oku kuthetha ukuba zonke ezi zinto zintathu azilunganga. Ezi zihlala zikhula ngokukhawuleza. Ekubeni unyango olujoliswe kwi-hormone okanye kwi-HER2 lungasebenzi koku, izinto ezinje ngotyando, i-chemotherapy, kunye ne-radiation zisetyenziswa kakhulu. |
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Uvavanyo lwe-IHC luvavanyo olubaluleke kakhulu olusetyenziswa ekucwangciseni unyango lomhlaza webele. Musa ukoyikiswa ligama.
- Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba umhlaza wakho uxhomekeke kwiihomoni (ER/PR positive) kwaye uxhomekeke kwiiproteni zeHER2 (HER2 positive).
- Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zolu vavanyo, ugqirha wakho uya kukwazi ukukhetha unyango olusebenzayo kuwe, oluneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa.
- Xa ufumana ingxelo yovavanyo lwakho, cela ugqirha wakho ukuba akuchazele igama nenombolo nganye ukuze uyiqonde kakuhle. Ungaze woyike ukubuza imibuzo.
- Ukuba awuqinisekanga ngeziphumo, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokufumana uluvo lwesibini okanye ukuphinda uvavanyo. Kubalulekile ukuba uthathe inxaxheba ebonakalayo ekwenzeni izigqibo malunga nempilo yakho.
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