Igama elithi "radiation" mhlawumbi likwenza woyike kancinci. Ingakumbi xa kufikwa kunyango lomhlaza, olo loyiko lunokuba lukhulu nangakumbi. Kodwa ubuchwepheshe buhambele phambili kakhulu kule mihla. Ngokungafaniyo nexesha elidlulileyo, olu nyango ngoku lunokwenziwa ngokuchanekileyo nangononophelo. Ngoko ke namhlanje sithetha ngonyango oluqhelekileyo lweradiation lomhlaza, i-External Beam Radiation Therapy, okanye i-EBRT ngamafutshane.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-EBRT?
Khawuthelekelele ulele kamnandi ebhedini. Ngaphandle kokuchukumisa umzimba wakho, umatshini omkhulu mgama ukhupha imisebe yemitha eyilwe ngokuchanekileyo, ejoliswe kuphela kwithumba emzimbeni wakho. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-EBRT.
Oku kuquka ukusebenzisa imitha enamandla aphezulu ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. Injongo ephambili kukunciphisa umonakalo kwiiseli eziphilileyo ezizingqongileyo ngelixa kutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. Olu lunyango lwangaphandle, ngoko ke akukho nto ifakwa emzimbeni wakho.
Kolu nyango, umatshini we-radiation awuze uwuchukumise umzimba wakho. Endaweni yoko, iqela lezonyango licwangcisa umatshini ukuze ujolise kuphela kwiiseli zomhlaza zikude, zize zitshabalalise.
Yintoni umahluko phakathi konyango lwemitha lwangaphandle nolwangaphakathi?
Unyango lwemitha lunokwahlulwa lube ziintlobo ezimbini eziphambili.
1. Unyango lweMisebe yangaphandle (i-EBRT): Le yindlela esithetha ngayo. Ibandakanya ukukhupha imisebe evela kumatshini ongaphandle komzimba.
2. Unyango lweMisebe yangaphakathi: Oku kuquka ukufakwa kwesixhobo esincinci semisebe ngaphakathi okanye kufutshane nethumba ngotyando.
Nangona zombini ezi ndlela zitshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza, indlela ezizenza ngayo yahlukile.
Zeziphi iintlobo zemitha yamandla ezisetyenziselwa olu nyango?
Imitha yimitha yamandla equlathe amasuntswana agcwele amandla. La masuntswana anamandla okutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. Umngeni ophambili wolu nyango kukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza kuphela ngaphandle kokulimaza iiseli eziphilileyo. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zamasuntswana zisetyenziselwa oku.
- Iifotoni (ii-X-reyi kunye nee-gamma rays): Ezi zezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu kunyango lwe-EBRT. Zifana nee-X-reyi ezinamandla aphezulu. Zingangena nzulu kwizicubu zakho zize zibulale iiseli zomhlaza.
- Iiprotoni:Ezi ziingceba ezinetshaja entle. Unyango olusebenzisa ezi zibizwa ngokuba yi-`(Proton Therapy)`. Le yiteknoloji entsha. Ingcali apha kukuba emva kokuba umqadi weproton ufike kwithumba lomhlaza, uyema ngaphandle kokuya ngaphaya kwawo. Ke ngoko, umonakalo kwizicubu ezisempilweni ezikufutshane nomhlaza mncinane kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela yonyango ayikaxhaphaki kangako ehlabathini.
- Ii-electron: Ezi ziingceba ezine-negative charge. Azinakuhamba nzulu njenge-photons okanye ii-protons. Ke ngoko, zisetyenziswa kakhulu ukunyanga ii-tumor kumphezulu womzimba, njengomhlaza wolusu.
Uninzi lonyango lwe-EBRT lusebenzisa umatshini obizwa ngokuba yi-``Linear Accelerator`` okanye ``LINAC``` ukukhawulezisa la masuntswana aze awase kwiiseli zomhlaza.
Ngaba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango lwe-EBRT?
Ewe, ngenxa yokuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji, ngoku kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango lwe-EBRT. Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nendawo yomhlaza wakho, ugqirha wakho uya kukhetha indlela efanelekileyo kuwe.
| Uhlobo loNyango | Ngamafutshane... (Ingcaciso elula) |
|---|---|
| Unyango lweMisebe ye-3D Conformal | Kusetyenziswa izinto ezifana ne-CT scans, kwenziwa imodeli yomhlaza enamacala amathathu (3D) kwaye imisebe yemitha ijoliswa kuyo ukusuka kwiikona ezahlukeneyo ukuze ifane nayo. |
| Unyango lweMisebe oluGuquliweyo ngamandla (IMRT) | Le yindlela ephucukileyo ye-3D. Apha, kungekuphela nje ukuba imo yethumba inokujoliswa, kodwa neendawo ezineeseli ezininzi zomhlaza zinokujoliswa ngamandla aphezulu , kwaye iindawo ezineeseli ezimbalwa zomhlaza zinokujoliswa ngamandla aphantsi . |
| Unyango lweMisebe oluQokelelwa yiMifanekiso (IGRT) | Ngaphambi konyango ngalunye, kuthathwa iskeni yomfanekiso (njenge-CT scan) ukuze kuchongwe ngokuchanekileyo indawo yomhlaza uze emva koko kukhutshwe imitha. Oku kwenza ukuchaneka kube phezulu kakhulu. |
| Utyando lwe-Stereotactic Radiosurgery (umz. iGamma Knife) | Olu asilotyando, nangona lubizwa ngokuba "lutyando." Luyindlela yokuhambisa imitha ephezulu kakhulu kwiithumba ezincinci engqondweni, nokuba kukudubula kube kanye okanye izihlandlo ezininzi, ngendlela echanekileyo. |
| Unyango lweMisebe yoMzimba yeStereotactic (SBRT) | Le yindlela efanayo nale ingasentla, kodwa isetyenziselwa umhlaza ongaphandle kwengqondo, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezifana nemiphunga, isibindi, kunye nomqolo. |
| Imitha ye-Intraoperative (IORT) | Oku kwenziwa ngexesha lotyando lokususa umhlaza. Ukusasazwa kwemisebe kunikwa ngaxeshanye kwiindawo zomhlaza ezingenakukwazi ukususwa ngokupheleleyo ngotyando. |
Ziziphi iintlobo zeemeko ezisetyenziselwa unyango lwe-EBRT?
Olu nyango lusetyenziselwa iinjongo eziphambili ezininzi.
- Ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza: I-EBRT isetyenziswa njengonyango oluphambili kwiintlobo ezininzi zomhlaza.
- Ukuxhasa ezinye iindlela zonyango: Isetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ithumba ngaphambi kotyando (unyango lwe-neo-adjuvant) okanye ukutshabalalisa naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza ekucingelwa ukuba zishiywe emva kotyando kwaye kuthintelwe ukuba umhlaza ungabuyi (unyango lwe-adjuvant).
- Ukuphelisa iimpawu: Nangona kwezinye iimeko umhlaza unganyangeki ngokupheleleyo, olu nyango lunceda ukulawula iimpawu ezifana neentlungu ezibangelwa ziithumba ezinomhlaza kunye nokugcina umgangatho wobomi bomguli.
Iintlobo zomhlaza ezinyangwa nge-EBRT
I-EBRT lolona nyango luphambili kwiintlobo ezininzi zomhlaza ohlala kwindawo ethile, ezifana nezi:
- Umhlaza webele
- Umhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu
- Umhlaza wemiphunga
- Umhlaza weprostate
- Umhlaza wesibeleko
- Umhlaza wentloko nentamo
- Umhlaza wegazi ofana ne-leukemia kunye ne-lymphoma
Kwenzeka ntoni ngaphambi konyango? (Isigaba socwangciso)
Eli nqanaba lokucwangcisa, elaziwa ngokuba yi-"simulation", liyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yempumelelo yonyango lwe-EBRT. Libandakanya ukulungiselela yonke into yonyango lwakho lokuqala.
1. Indawo:Uza kubekwa ebhedini ngalo mhla wokucwangcisa, njengoko wawunjalo ngexesha lonyango.
2. Iiskeni: Emva koko, kwenziwa i-CT, i-MRI, okanye i-PET scan ukuze kufunyanwe imifanekiso echanekileyo yomhlaza wakho kunye namalungu aphilileyo angqongileyo. Oku kunceda ekumiseleni ubungakanani, imilo, kunye nendawo yomhlaza.
3. Ukuphawula: Okulandelayo, kuya kwenziwa amabala amancinci kakhulu, afana namachaphaza eluswini lwakho ngepeni yokuchonga indawo eza kunyangwa. La mabala kufuneka agcinwe kude kube sekupheleni kwexesha lonyango.
4. Ukwenza iiMold/iiMask: Ukuze ukwazi ukuhlala ungashukumi ngexesha lonyango, kunokwenziwa imold okanye imaski ekhethekileyo ukuze ilingane nelungu lomzimba wakho.
Besebenzisa olu lwazi, iqela lakho lezonyango liza kuchitha iintsuku ezininzi lisenza isicwangciso sonyango esilungele wena.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha lonyango?
Awuyi kuva ntlungu ngexesha lonyango.
Uza kubekwa kwindawo efanayo naleyo ubukuyo ngexesha lokulinganisa. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, uza kunikwa imaski okanye i-splint ekhethekileyo. Emva koko i-radiation therapist iza kuphuma kwigumbi ize ivule umatshini. Nangona kunjalo , banokukujonga kwi-monitor baze bathethe nawe nge-intercom .
Umatshini ujikeleza ngeenxa zonke kuwe, wenza izandi ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ugxile kwimitha kwiindawo ezithile. Okufuneka ukwenze kukuhlala uzolile, ungashukumi, kwaye uphefumle ngokuqhelekileyo. Unyango lonke lungathatha malunga nemizuzu eli-15-30. Nangona kunjalo, imitha isetyenziswa imizuzu embalwa kuphela.
Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo?
Nokuba sizama ukunciphisa umonakalo kwiiseli eziphilileyo kangangoko sinako, kunzima ukuthintela umonakalo othile. Ngumonakalo kwezi seli ziphilileyo obangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.
Okubalulekileyo kukuba, ezi ziphumo bezingalindelekanga azifani kuye wonke umntu . Zikwaxhomekeke nakwindawo yomzimba enyangwa ngemitha. Umzekelo, umntu ofumana unyango entloko unokulahlekelwa ziinwele, kodwa umntu ofumana unyango esiswini usenokungalufumani.
Ezinye zeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo ezinokubonwa zezi:
- Ukudinwa kakhulu (Ukudinwa): Le yeyona miphumo ixhaphakileyo.
- Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza
- Umnqweno wokutya
- Ubomvu, ukoma, okanye ukurhawuzelela kwesikhumba kwindawo yonyango
- Ukulahleka kweenwele kwindawo enyangiweyo
- Ubunzima bokuginya xa unyanga umlomo nomqala
- Intloko ebuhlungu
Uninzi lwezi ziphumo bezingalindelekanga ziyaphela kancinci kancinci kwiiveki ezimbalwa emva kokuba unyango luphelile. Thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho malunga neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga onokuzifumana kunye nendlela yokuzilawula.Ukuba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezibi kakhulu okanye uziva into engaqhelekanga, yazisa ugqirha wakho okanye iziko lonyango ngokukhawuleza. Kwiimeko ezinzima, kubalulekile ukuya kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-EBRT yindlela yonyango eqhelekileyo, engenabuhlungu, kwaye ijoliswe kakhulu esetyenziswa kumhlaza namhlanje.
- Oku kwenziwa liqela loogqirha abaziingcali. Injongo yayo ephambili kukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza kuphela ngelixa ikhusela iiseli eziphilileyo.
- Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ziqhelekile, kodwa zihlala zizezexeshana. Uhlobo lweziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezenzekayo luxhomekeke kwindawo yomzimba onyangwayo.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo nangokunyaniseka nogqirha wakho malunga nonyango, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, okanye naluphi na uloyiko okanye iinkxalabo onokuba nazo.
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