Umhlaza webele usemncinci? (Umhlaza webele oqala kwangethuba) Masiqaphele oku!

Ngaba wakha wacinga ukuba umhlaza webele ungakhula uselula kangaka, phakathi kweminyaka eli-18 nengama-45? Oku akuyonto ingaqhelekanga njengoko unokucinga. Ngamanye amaxesha, iimeko ezinjalo zinokwenzeka nakubahlobo bethu abasondeleyo. Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela oku. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngokweenkcukacha nangokulula malunga nomhlaza webele oqala kwangoko .

Yintoni umhlaza webele oqala ukwenzeka kwangethuba?

Ngamafutshane, umhlaza webele wolutsha uyenzeka xa oogqirha befumanisa ukuba unomhlaza webele phakathi kweminyaka eli-18 nengama-45. Sihlala sisiva ukuba umhlaza webele uxhaphake kakhulu kwabasetyhini abaneminyaka engaphezu kwama-50. Yinyani leyo. Kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba abantu abancinci abanakuwufumana. Ngamanye amaxesha, abantu abaselula kunye nabantu abadala banokuba nawo.

Umhlaza webele wahluke njani kubasetyhini abaselula?

Nantsi ingongoma ebalulekileyo. Xa ibhinqa eliselula lifumana umhlaza webele, usenokuba uphucuke ngakumbi kunokuba ubunokuvela kumntu oneminyaka engaphezu kwama-45. Esinye isizathu kukuba umhlaza kusenokwenzeka ukuba usasazeke kancinci xa ufunyanwa kweli qela leminyaka. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo komhlaza webele kudla ngokuqala emva kweminyaka engama-40. Esinye isizathu kukuba amabhinqa aselula asenokungaziqondi kakuhle iimpawu kwaye asenokungaxeleli ugqirha kude kube kamva.

Kwakhona, umhlaza webele kubasetyhini abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-45 ubudala ngamanye amaxesha unokuba yingozi kakhulu kwaye kube nzima ukuwunyanga. Oku kugqitywa zizinto ezifana neempawu zesifo somhlaza .

Ziziphi iintlobo zomhlaza wamabele ezixhaphakileyo kubasetyhini abaselula?

Abasetyhini abasebatsha banokuba nomhlaza webele, kodwa kukho iintlobo ezimbini ezixhaphakileyo:

• I-Invasive Ductal Carcinoma: Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza webele kuyo nayiphi na iminyaka.
• Umhlaza Webele Oneempembelelo Ezintathu: Olu luhlobo lomhlaza webele olungaqhelekanga nolunobundlongondlongo. Kunokuba nzima ngakumbi ukunyanga.

Kuqheleke kangakanani oku phakathi kwabasetyhini abaselula?

Umhlaza webele awuxhaphakanga kakhulu kubasetyhini abancinci kunakwabo baneminyaka engaphezu kwama-45 ubudala. Nangona kunjalo, oko akuthethi ukuba awuxhaphakanga. Xa sithetha nje, malunga ne-10% yamatyala omhlaza webele asandul’ ukufunyanwa ngabasetyhini abancinci.

Ngokwedatha evela eMelika, malunga nebhinqa eli-1 kwabali-196 abaphakathi kweminyaka eli-15 nengama-39 ubudala baya kuba nomhlaza webele ohlaselayo. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukukwazi oku.

Zithini iimpawu?

Iimpawu zomhlaza wamabele kubasetyhini abaselula ziyafana nezo zabanye abantu abaneminyaka yobudala. Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi, kungcono ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngaphandle kokukhathazeka.

• Amaqhuma emabeleni okanye amaqhuma akwindawo engaphantsi kwekhwapha.
• Intlungu yebele (iMastalgia).
• Utshintsho kulusu lwamabele: ukubomvu, ukufiphala, okanye ukurhawuzelela.
• Ingono eguqulweyo.
• Ukuphuma kweengono - kusenokuba buhlungu okanye kungabi buhlungu.
• Ii-lymph nodes ezivuvukileyo.
• Ukuziva ukuqina okanye ukudumba kolusu lwebele okanye ingono.

Khumbula, ukuba nje unale mpawu akuthethi ukuba ngumhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, bubulumko ukuya kugqirha.

Zithini izizathu zokuba lo mhlaza ukhule usemncinci?

Malunga nesiqingatha sayo yonke imingxunya yamabele kubasetyhini abaselula inxulunyaniswa notshintsho lwemfuza kwizakhi zofuzo ezibizwa ngokuba yi-BRCA1 okanye i-BRCA2 . Ezi zakhi zofuzo zihlala zilawula ukukhula kweeseli ezingaqhelekanga ezinokubangela umhlaza. Njengotshintsho. Kodwa xa ezi zakhi zofuzo zitshintshatshintsha, ezo seli ezingaqhelekanga ziyakhula zingalawuleki. Ukuba une -BRCA1 okanye i-BRCA2 gene mutation , usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba nomhlaza wamabele kunye ne-ovarian.

Abaphandi basakhangela ezinye iinguqu zemfuza ezonyusa umngcipheko womhlaza wamabele kubasetyhini abaselula. Iinguqu kwimfuza ezifana ne -TP53, i-PTEN, i-STK11, i-PALB2, kunye ne-CDH1 zinxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko ophezulu. Kukho ezinye iimfuza ezifana nezi, kwaye sinethemba lokufumanisa ezinye zezi zinto zinxulumene nazo kwiminyaka ezayo.

Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ayizizo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza wamabele ezikhula kubasetyhini abasebatsha ezibangelwa zizizathu zemfuza. Ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza zinokwenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo .

Zithini izinto ezibangela umngcipheko?

Imbali yezonyango yosapho lwakho inefuthe elikhulu kumngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza webele usemncinci. Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho oye waba okanye unenye yezi meko zilandelayo, usenokuba sengozini enkulu:

• Umntu owaba nomhlaza webele ngaphambi kokuba afikelele kwiminyaka engama-50.
• Umntu onomhlaza emabeleni omabini.
• Umntu onomhlaza webele wamadoda.
• Indoda enomhlaza we-prostate osasazekileyo.
• Umntu oye waba nomhlaza wesibeleko nangaliphi na ixesha.
• Umntu onomhlaza wepancreatic.
• Umntu onomhlaza webele oneempawu ezintathu.

Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi:

• Ukuba notshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo olufana ne-BRCA1 kunye ne-BRCA2 , okanye ukuba nelungu losapho elinolu tshintsho.
• Ndifumene unyango lwe-radiation kwindawo yesifuba ngaphambili.
• Iimeko zamabele ezingaphambi komhlaza ezifana ne -Atypical Hyperplasia okanyeUkuba neemeko ezifana neLobular Carcinoma in Situ (LCIS) .
• Ukuba ungowomnombo wamaJuda angama-Ashkenazi .

Ukuba unembali yosapho lwakho yomhlaza webele, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa uvavanyo lwemfuza . Olu luvavanyo lwegazi. Lunokufumanisa ukuba ngaba unenguqu yemfuza eyonyusa umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza webele okanye eminye imifuza. Ukuba unenguqu yemfuza, ugqirha wakho unokukuthumela kwingcebiso yemfuza . Oku kunokukunceda uqonde ngcono umngcipheko wakho. Ungathunyelwa kwikliniki yebele enobungozi obukhulu ukuze kulawulwe umngcipheko kwaye kulandelwe.

Yenziwa njani le nto yokuxilonga?

Nokuba uneminyaka emingaphi, indlela oogqirha abaxilonga ngayo umhlaza webele ihlala ifana. Okokuqala, ugqirha uza kwenza uvavanyo lwebele . Emva koko, baya kubuza ngeempawu zakho, imbali yakho yezonyango, kunye nembali yezonyango yosapho. Uvavanyo lwemifanekiso lunokwenziwa ukujonga naluphi na ukukhula okungaqhelekanga emabeleni akho. Ukuba kukho naziphi na iingxaki ezifunyenweyo, ugqirha unokuthatha isampuli encinci yezicubu zebele lakho ukuze ivavanywe (i-biopsy) .

Loluphi uhlolo lwamabele olufumanekayo kubasetyhini abaselula?

Ukuba ungaphantsi kweminyaka engama-40 kwaye usengozini enkulu yokuba nomhlaza webele, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa uvavanyo olufana nolu:

• Uvavanyo lwe-MRI yamabele.
• Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kweemammogram.

Ngaba abafazi abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-40 kufuneka benze i-mammogram?

Ukuhlolwa kweemammogram akukhuthazwa rhoqo kubafazi abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba une-genetic change eyaziwayo okanye ukuba usapho lwakho lukhe lwaba nomhlaza webele lusemncinci, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba uqalise ukuhlolwa kwangethuba. Ungoyiki ukuba bacebisa ukuvavanywa okongezelelweyo.

Inzuzo yokuhlolwa kwangethuba kukuba ukuba unesifo somhlaza webele, unokubonwa kwangethuba, ngaphambi kokuba usasazeke (usasazeke) kwamanye amalungu omzimba , oko kuthetha ukuba usabela kakuhle kunyango.

Umhlaza webele kubasetyhini abaselula unyangwa njani?

Unyango luqala ngengxoxo phakathi kwakho nogqirha wakho. Baza kuxoxa ngezinto ezifana nohlobo lomhlaza wakho, inqanaba lomhlaza, kunye nokuba unethemba lokuqalisa usapho okanye ukuba nabantwana. Emva kokuqwalasela konke oku, nobabini niza kusebenzisana ukwenza isicwangciso sonyango esilungele nina.

Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho kunye neempawu zesifo somhlaza , isicwangciso sonyango singabandakanya:

• Utyando lomhlaza webele: Ukususwa kweqhubu kuphela (iLumpectomy) okanye ukususwa kwebele lonke (iMastectomy).
• Unyango ngamachiza.
• Unyango lwehomoni.
• Unyango lwe-immunotherapy.
• Unyango ngemitha.
• Unyango olujoliswe kulo.

Zithini iingxaki zonyango?

I-chemotherapy okanye unyango lwe-radiation lunokuchaphazela amandla akho okukhulelwa okunempilo . Ukuba uceba ukuqala usapho, kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga neendlela zokugcina ukuzala ngaphambi kokuba uqalise unyango lomhlaza webele.

Ukuba uthatha ii-estrogen blockers njengenxalenye yonyango lweehomoni , unokufumana iimpawu zokuya exesheni .

Ukongeza, unyango lomhlaza webele lunokubangela ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, ezinje:

• Ixhala okanye ukudakumba.
• Iingxaki zomfanekiso womzimba.
• Ukudinwa ngumhlaza.
• Intlungu yomhlaza.
• I-Lymphedema - Oku kuthetha ukudumba kweengalo okanye isifuba.

Ngaba umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wamabele usemncinci ungancitshiswa?

Akukho ndlela yokuthintela ngokupheleleyo umhlaza webele nokuba uneminyaka emingaphi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ufunyenwe usemngciphekweni omkhulu womhlaza webele, kubalulekile ukuba uhlolwe amabele kwangethuba kwaye rhoqo. Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa neengcebiso ngemfuza .

Ukuba ubona iqhuma, intlungu, okanye olunye utshintsho ebeleni lakho, bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza. Kwimeko yomhlaza, ukuxilongwa kwangoko yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokufumana unyango oluphumelelayo.

Ziziphi iindlela endinazo ukuba ndikwicandelo elinomngcipheko ophezulu?

Ukuba une-genetic mutation kwaye usengozini enkulu yokuba nomhlaza webele, thetha nogqirha wakho. Uza kuxoxa ngezinto ezikubangela umngcipheko kwaye enze ishedyuli yokuhlolwa. Kwezinye iimeko, unokucetyiswa ukuba ucinge ngokususwa kwe-mastectomy yokuthintela umhlaza .

Lingakanani izinga lokusinda komhlaza webele kubasetyhini abaselula?

Xa kufikwa ekuchacheni kumhlaza webele, uhlobo kunye nenqanaba lomhlaza zibaluleke ngakumbi kuneminyaka yakho.

Izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu kwabasetyhini abanomhlaza webele ohlaselayo ongasasazekanga (owahlulwe yi-metastasized) limalunga ne-91%. Oku kuthetha ukuba uninzi lwabantu abafunyenwe benesifo kweli nqanaba basaphila emva kweminyaka emihlanu befunyenwe benesifo.

Ukuba umhlaza usasazeka ngaphaya kwebele - uye kuma-lymph nodes okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba - izinga lokusinda liyehla. Izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu lomhlaza webele oye wasasazeka kuma-lymph nodes liyi-86%.

Ukuba umhlaza usasazeka uye kwinxalenye ekude yomzimba wakho, njengamathambo , isibindi, imiphunga, okanye ubuchopho , izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu linokwehla liye kwi-31%.

Ngenxa yokuba imeko yomntu wonke yahlukile, kungcono ukubuza ugqirha wakho we-oncologist ngohlobo lomhlaza wakho, inqanaba, kunye nento onokuyilindela kwiminyaka ezayo.

Ndingazinyamekela njani?

Ukufumanisa ukuba unomhlaza mhlawumbi yeyona nto inzima oza kujongana nayo ebomini bakho. Kuza kubakho iimvakalelo ezininzi, izinto ezinzima ukuthetha ngazo, kunye neentsuku nobusuku oza kulinda ukuze ubone oogqirha. Kuza kubakho iintsuku ezinzima, emzimbeni nasengqondweni. Kodwa, ngenkxaso efanelekileyo, olu hambo lunokwenziwa.

Ugqirha wakho unokukunxibelelanisa namaqela enkxaso , akunike ulwazi malunga nokusinda kumhlaza, aze akunike iingcebiso ezincede abasetyhini abaselula abanomhlaza webele.

Umhlaza webele ungakhula xa uneminyaka emingaphi?

Enyanisweni, umhlaza webele ungakhula xa umntu efikisa (nangona unqabile kakhulu). Malunga ne-10% yeziganeko zomhlaza webele ezisandula ukufunyanwa zikwimeko yabantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-45 ubudala.

Akukho xesha lifanelekileyo lokufumana umhlaza. Kodwa, ukufumanisa uselula kunokuba sisizungu kakhulu. Ungaziva ngathi ungoyena mntu mncinci kwigumbi lokulinda likagqirha. Kodwa awuwedwa. Iqela lakho lokhathalelo lomhlaza liya kuba nawe kuyo yonke inyathelo. Babuze ngezixhobo ezikhoyo kubafazi abanomhlaza webele besebancinci. Ukuthetha nomntu onamava afanayo kunokukunceda uqonde into omawuyilindele kwaye, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, uzive uqondwa.

Umyalezo Wokugqibela Wokuya Ekhaya

Nazi izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule koko sithethe ngako:

• Umhlaza webele ungakhula nokuba usemncinci. Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunyamekela amabele akho kwaye ufumane iingcebiso zonyango ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho.
• Ukuba unembali yomhlaza kwintsapho yakho, thetha nogqirha wakho ngayo. Banokucebisa izinto ezifana novavanyo lwemfuza.
• Lumka ngeempawu. Musa ukungawahoyi amaqhuma, iintlungu, utshintsho lolusu, okanye ukuphuma kwamanzi kwingono.
• Ukufunyanwa kwangoko yeyona ndlela ilungileyo. Okukhona ifunyanwa kwangoko, kokukhona kunokwenzeka ukuba unyango luphumelele.
• Awuwedwa. Xa ujongene nemeko efana nale, funa uncedo koogqirha, kusapho, kubahlobo nakumaqela enkxaso. Impilo yengqondo nayo ibaluleke kakhulu.

Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luluncedo kuwe. Hlala usempilweni!

Umhlaza webele, umhlaza usemncinci, iijini ze-BRCA, iimpawu zomhlaza, unyango lomhlaza, impilo yebele, utshintsho lwemfuza