Masifunde ngeBroken Femur? Musa ukoyika, masithethe!

Khawucinge ukuba bekuya kuba njani ukuba elo thambo likhulu nelinamandla emlenzeni wakho, ukusuka esinqeni ukuya edolweni lakho - i-femur yakho - belinokuphuka! Kungaba ngamava abuhlungu kakhulu. I-femur lelona thambo lide, linzima, kwaye linamandla emzimbeni wethu. Ngoko ke, ukuze iphuke, kuya kufuneka ibe ngamandla amakhulu kakhulu, ingozi enkulu kakhulu. Ukuba waphula i-femur, kubalulekile ukufuna unyango ngoko nangoko. Kuba kungathatha iinyanga ukuphola. Ngoko ke, masithethe ngale nto ngeenkcukacha ezithe vetshe, akunjalo?

Yintoni i-femur? Kwenzeka ntoni xa iqhekeka?

Ngamafutshane, i-femur kuphela kwethambo ethangeni lakho. Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, lelona thambo likhulu nelinamandla emzimbeni wethu. Ngenxa yoko, ayisiyonto ilula ukuliphula. Kudla ngokuba yinto engaqhelekanga ukuliphula ngenxa yokuwa okuncinci. Lidla ngokuphulwa yinto efana nengozi enkulu yemoto, ukuwa kwindawo ephakamileyo, okanye inxeba lokudutyulwa.

Nangona kunjalo, ingakumbi kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwama-65 ubudala, ukuba bayatyibilika baze bawe nokuba bame nje, amathambo abo awanamandla kangako (ingakumbi ukuba banezifo ezifana ne-osteoporosis), ngoko ke amathuba okuphuka kwesi sinqe aphezulu.

Kutheni le nto ukwaphuka kwe-femur kukwenzakala kakhulu kangaka?

Xa waphula i-femur, akufani nje nokuphuka ingalo okanye umlenze. Kukho izinto ezimbalwa ezinokuba yingozi ngakumbi. Jonga:

• Kunokubakho ukopha okuninzi: Ingakumbi ukuba iziqwenga zamathambo ziqhekeza ulusu (oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-"open fracture"), igazi elininzi linokuphuma emzimbeni. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukopha kusenokuvela ngaphakathi.
• Ukothuka: Umzimba unokothuka ngenxa yokopha kakhulu kunye nentlungu.
• Ithambo lesinqe lingaphuka: Ukuba inxalenye ephezulu yethambo lesinqe, oko kukuthi, kufutshane nelungu lesinqe, iyaphuka, ithambo lesinqe lingaphuka kunye nalo. Le ngozi iphezulu kubantu abane-osteoporosis.
• Ukonakala kwedolo: Ukuba inxalenye esezantsi yethambo lethanga, oko kukuthi, kufutshane nedolo, iyaphuka, idolo nalo lingonakala. Oku kuqhelekile nakubantu abaye batyandwa endaweni yedolo okanye abo bane-osteoporosis.

Uziva iintlungu ezingakanani xa uphuke ithambo lethanga lakho?

Hayi bo! Yinto ebuhlungu kakhulu leyo. Kunzima ukuyichaza ngamazwi. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, emva kokuba ungeniswe esibhedlele, oogqirha ngokuqinisekileyo baya kukunika amayeza afunekayo okulawula iintlungu zakho.

Zithini iimpawu ze-femur ephukileyo?

Ukuba uyawa okanye wenzakele esinqeni kwenye ingozi, qaphela ezi mpawu:

• Intlungu ayinyamezeleki .
• Awunakukwazi nokubeka umlenze wakho owonzakeleyo phantsi okanye ubeka ubunzima kuwo .
• Ngamanye amaxesha, iziqwenga zamathambo eziphukileyo zinokugqobhoza ulusu zize ziphume, nto leyo ebangela ukopha.Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-"Open fracture".
• Ngamanye amaxesha, iziqwenga zamathambo zinokubonakala ngaphezulu komphezulu wolusu, kodwa aziphumi eluswini . Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-"closed fracture".
• Indawo yethanga iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwaye imivumbo ibonakala .
• Ezinye iindawo emathangeni ziyadumba .
• Umlenze owonzakeleyo ungabonakala umfutshane kancinci kunomnye umlenze. Umlenze owonzakeleyo ungajongwa ubheke ngaphandle (ukusuka emzimbeni wakho) .

Ngaba ungahamba unethambo lethanga elaphukileyo?

Akunjalo konke konke. Xa i-femur yakho yaphukile, awuyi kukwazi ukufaka ubunzima kuloo mlenze okanye ukuma kuwo. Ngoko ke ungacingi nokuhamba.

Oogqirha baluxilonga njani olu hlobo lokuqhekeka kwesinqe?

Xa usiya esibhedlele, oogqirha baya kuqala bahlole umlenze wakho owonzakeleyo ngononophelo. Emva koko, ngokuqinisekileyo baya kwenza uvavanyo lwe-`(X-ray)`. Ngamanye amaxesha, i-`(Computed Tomography scan)`, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-`(CT scan)` inokwenziwa ukuze kubonwe uhlobo lokwaphuka ngokucacileyo. Kukule vavanyo apho oogqirha banokumisela khona ukuba loluphi uhlobo lokwaphuka (`(uhlobo lokwaphuka)`) onalo.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuqhekeka kwe-femur:

• Ukwaphuka okujijekileyo: Ithambo laphukile kumgca othe tye phezu kwalo.
• Ukuqhekeka kwe-spiral: Ithambo laphukile ngendlela ejikelezayo.
• Ukuqhekeka kwe-Oblique: Ithambo liqhekekile ecaleni.
• Ukuqhekeka kwethambo: Ithambo liqhekeke laziingceba ezintathu nangaphezulu.
• `(Ukwaphuka okuvulekileyo okanye okudibeneyo)` (Ukwaphuka okuvulekileyo): Ithambo liqhekekile kwaye iziqwenga zamathambo zigqobhoze ulusu zaza zaphuma.

Inyangwa njani i-femur fracture?

Okokuqala, ukuze kuncitshiswe iintlungu kwaye kuthintelwe ithambo eliphukileyo ukuba lingashukumi, oogqirha banokubeka i-splint, uhlobo lwebhodi, ejikeleze isinqe sakho, igqume uninzi lomlenze wakho. Le yindlela yexeshana.

Ukongeza, unyango olubizwa ngokuba yi-`(traction)` luyasetyenziswa. Oku kunceda ukugcina amathambo aphukileyo elungelelene kakuhle. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ze-`(Traction)`:

• Iintsimbi zokutsala ezisindayo: Oku kuquka ukuncamathisela intambo eqakaleni lakho, ukuncamathisela iintsimbi kulo, nokulitsala kancinci kwisakhelo kunye neepulleys. Oku kusebenzisa uxinzelelo oluthambileyo kwi-femur, kunceda ukugcina amathambo elungelelene.
• Ukubambelela kwamathambo: Kule meko, ugqirha wenza utyando oluncinci aze afake iphini kwithambo lakho lethanga (i-femur) okanye ithambo le-shin (i-tibia). Emva koko, kufakwa ubunzima kwiphini ukuze ithambo lakho lethanga lihlale lithe tye.

Ngaba ukwaphuka kwesinqe ngasinye kufuna utyando?

Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo.Ukuba waphula ithambo lethanga lakho, kuya kufuneka utyando ukuze liphole kakuhle. Olu tyando ludla ngokwenziwa kwiiyure ezingama-24 ukuya kwezingama-48 emva kokuba wonzakele waza wangeniswa esibhedlele. Oogqirha benza iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zotyando:

• `(Ukunciphisa okuVulekileyo kunye nokuLungiswa kwangaphakathi - ORIF)`
• `(Ukulungiswa kwangaphandle)`

Yintoni le `(ORIF)` yotyando?

Kule nkqubo, ugqirha wenza utyando kufutshane ne-hip okanye idolo lakho aze alungise amathambo aphukileyo. Emva koko, kufakwa isixhobo sesinyithi (umz., intonga okanye ipleyiti) ukuze kuqiniswe ithambo.

Zeziphi izixhobo zesinyithi ezisetyenziswayo kolu tyando lwe-`(ORIF)`?

• Iinduku: Ezi zisetyenziswa kwinkqubo yotyando ebizwa ngokuba yi-intramedullary nail. Ugqirha ufaka ezi ntonga emlenzeni wakho, nge-medullary cavity (apha kulapho kukho umongo wethambo).
• Izikrufu: Ukuze intonga okanye ipleyiti yesinyithi ekhankanyiweyo ngaphambili ingashukumi, izikrufu zibekwa phezulu nasezantsi kwayo.
• Iipleyiti zesinyithi: Njenge-splint, ugqirha wotyando ubeka ezi pleyiti zesinyithi ngaphandle kwethambo aze aziqinise ngezikrufu ukuze azinzise ukwaphuka.

Ngoko ke yintoni utyando lwe-``(Ukulungiswa Kwangaphandle)```?

Olu lutyando lokuqinisa ithambo lethanga. Oku kuquka ukufaka iiphini ezininzi zesinyithi (iibholithi/iiphini) kwithambo lakho lethanga uze uzincamathisele kwifreyimu (ifreyimu) engaphandle komlenze wakho. Ngamanye amaxesha, le nkqubo isetyenziselwa ukuzinzisa ithambo okwethutyana ngaphambi kotyando lwe-ORIF. Okanye, ingasetyenziswa xa ukwenzakala kukhulu kakhulu ukuba kungenziwa utyando lwe-ORIF.

Olu tyando lwe-"(External fixation)" lwenziwa phantsi kwe-anesthesia. Oogqirha bagqobhoza imingxunya kwithambo elingonakalanga ngaphezulu nangaphantsi kwenxalenye ephukileyo yethambo lakho lethanga baze bafake iintonga kuzo. Ezi ntonga zinamathele kwifreyimu engaphandle komlenze wakho. "(i-ball-and-socket joints)" kule freyimu ivumela iintonga ukuba zilungiswe ukuze iziqwenga zamathambo eziphukileyo zilungelelane ngokuchanekileyo.

Ngaba unyango lomzimba luyimfuneko emva kotyando?

Ngokuqinisekileyo! Uza kufuna unyango lomzimba ngexesha lokuchacha kwakho. Oku kuya kuqinisa izihlunu zemilenze yakho, kubuyisele ukuhamba kwamalungu, kwaye kukuncede uhambe ngendlela eqhelekileyo kwakhona.

Ingaba niyazinika amayeza okudambisa iintlungu?

Ewe, ugqirha wakho uza kuxoxa ngentlungu yakho aze akunike amayeza afanelekileyo entlungu.

Ziziphi iingozi okanye iingxaki ezinokuvela ngenxa yolu tyando?

Njengakwezinye iintlobo zotyando, utyando lokwaphuka kwesinqe lunokuba neengxaki ezithile. Ezi ziquka:

• I-Acute compartment syndrome (ACS): Oku kwenzeka xa uxinzelelo luqokelelana kwimisipha kwaye ukuhamba kwegazi kwimisipha kunye nezicubu kuyancipha. Oku kunokukhokelela ekonakaleni kwemisipha kunye nemithambo-luvo okungapheliyo.
• Iziqwenga zamathambo ezingadibani kakuhle: Oku kunokubangela ukuba ithambo lingaphili kakuhle.
• Ukungonwabi okubangelwa zizikhonkwane nezikrufu ezifakiweyo.
• `(Isifo se-Fat embolism)`: Kule meko, amasuntswana anamafutha anokuqokelelana egazini. Iimpawu ezinje ngobunzima bokuphefumla kunye nokulahlekelwa yingqondo zinokwenzeka.
• Amahlwili egazi.
• Imiphetho ebukhali yeziqwenga zamathambo eziphukileyo inokusika okanye yonakalise imithambo yegazi okanye imithambo-luvo.
• Usulelo.

Ndingazinyamekela njani emva kotyando?

Kwiiveki ezimbini zokuqala, kubalulekile ukuba nomntu oza kukunceda ekhaya. (Ugqirha wakho angakunceda ufumane umntu oza kukunceda aze akuncede.)

Xa ulele, kufuneka ulale uthe nkqo umlenze owaphukileyo uphakame ngaphezu kwentliziyo yakho . Ukulala ngale ndlela kunokunceda ekunciphiseni ukudumba komlenze owaphukileyo.

Njengoko uphila kancinci kancinci, uya kufuna ukuhambahamba endlwini wedwa. Nangona kunjalo, buza ugqirha wakho ukuba ungabeka ubunzima obungakanani emlenzeni wakho. Kusenokufuneka usebenzise intonga, iintonga, okanye i-walker. Ingcali yakho yezonyango iya kukubonisa indlela yokusebenzisa ezi zinto.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba uqaphele ukuba ungaphindi uwe! Ukuba uphinde wawela, ungaphinda ulimaze i-femur yakho. Ukuze unciphise ukuwa, yenza ezi zinto:

• Ukuba igumbi lakho lokulala negumbi lokuhlambela ziphezulu, misela indawo yokulala yexeshana kunye nendawo yokulala ephathwayo esezantsi. Ngale ndlela, akuyi kufuneka unyuke uze wehle izinyuko.
• Susa izinto onokuthi uzibhaqe kuzo, njengeentambo ezisemgangathweni okanye iikhaphethi ezincinci.
• Faka ii-handrails kwigumbi lokuhlambela, nokuba kusebhafini okanye eshaweni, okanye kufutshane nendlu yangasese.
• Faka ii-handrails kumacala omabini ezitebhisi.
• Khanyisa ikhaya lakho kakuhle, nokuba kungongeza izibane ezingaphezulu okanye usebenzisa iibhalbhu ezikhanyayo.
• Gcina izinto ozisebenzisa rhoqo kwiikhabhathi ezilula ukuzifikelela ngaphandle kokukhwela isitulo ukuze uzithathe.
• Beka iimathi ezingatyibilikiyo phantsi kwigumbi lokuhlambela.

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuphilisa ithambo lethanga elaphukileyo?

Kungathatha iinyanga ezine ukuya kwezintandathu ukuphola ngokupheleleyo. Ngamanye amaxesha kuthatha ixesha elide, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lokwaphuka, ubudala bakho, kunye nempilo yakho iyonke.

Kutheni kuthatha ixesha elide kangaka ukuphiliswa? Kuba i-femur ephukileyo idlula kwinkqubo yendalo yokuphiliswa. Inezigaba ezahlukeneyo:

• Iintsuku 1-5:Xa ithambo lakho lethanga liphuka, imithambo yegazi elinika igazi nayo iyaphuka. Le mithambo yegazi ephukileyo ibangela ukuba kubekho i-"hematoma," ihlwili legazi, kwindawo apho kwaqhekeka khona. Eli hlwili legazi lisebenza njengesakhelo sexeshana kwaye linceda ithambo lakho liphile. Inkqubo yakho yomzimba isabela kolu konzakala ngokwenzakaliswa ngokusebenzisa iiseli ezisusa izicubu ezonakeleyo kunye neeseli ezivuselela ukuphiliswa.
• Iintsuku 5-11: Umzimba wakho uqala ukwakha uthungelwano lwe-cartilage phakathi kwamathambo aphukileyo. Uqala nokwenza ithambo elitsha (ithambo elilukiweyo).
• Iintsuku 11-28: Loo nethiwekhi ye-cartilage iyaqina kancinci kancinci. Imithambo yegazi emitsha kunye namathambo amatsha ayakhiwa. Njengoko le nkqubo iqhubeka, ithambo lakho liqala ukuzilungisa kwakhona, ekugqibeleni libe lithambo eliqhelekileyo. Le nkqubo yonke ingathatha iinyanga, kwaneminyaka.

Ndingakuthintela njani ukwaphuka kwe-femur?

Ngelishwa, iziganeko ezibangela ukwaphuka kwethambo lesinqe (ezifana neengozi zeemoto, ukuwa, amanxeba okudutyulwa) kunzima kuthi ukuzilawula.

Nangona kunjalo, abantu abasengozini enkulu yokuwa njengoko bekhula (ingakumbi abo bangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-65) kufuneka balumke. Banokuwa baze balimale nangona bemi nje.

Ukuba ungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-65 kwaye uyoyika ukuwa, buza ugqirha wakho malunga nomngcipheko wakho wokuwa. Mxelele ukuba usebenzisa amayeza akwenza uzive ulele okanye unesiyezi. Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa izinto onokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho. Umzekelo, banokucebisa umthambo oqinisa imilenze yakho kwaye uphucule ibhalansi yakho.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha wam?

Uza kunikwa amaxesha okulandela ukuze ubone ugqirha wakho, ukuqala kwiiveki ezimbini emva kotyando, kwaye rhoqo emva kweeveki ezimbalwa. Qiniseka ukuba uya kwintlanganiso nganye.

Ukuba unemibuzo malunga nenkqubela phambili yokuchacha kwakho okanye imiba ethile, efana nokulawula iintlungu, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho ngayo.

Ndifanele nditsalele umnxeba ugqirha wam nini okanye ndifune uncedo lwezonyango olungxamisekileyo?

Ngelixa uphola emva kokuphuka kwesinqe, ukuba unezinye zezi mpawu , fowunela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko okanye uye kwisibhedlele esikufutshane:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumla okanye iintlungu esifubeni xa uphefumla.
• Ukuchama rhoqo okanye ukutsha xa uchama.
• Ububomvu okanye intlungu eyandayo ejikeleze inxeba lotyando.
• Ulwelo olufana nobovu luyavuza enxebeni.
• Ukudumba komlenze omnye (kuya kuba bomvu kwaye kubonakale kufudumele kunomnye umlenze).
• Intlungu yethole.
• Umkhuhlane ongaphezulu kwe-101°F (38.3°C).
• Intlungu engenakukwazi ukuyilawula ngamayeza akho okudambisa iintlungu.
• Ukuba ngequbuliso kuba nzima ukuhamba okanye ukubeka ubunzima emlenzeni wakho.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Inyonga ephukileyo kukwenzakala okukhulu okufuna unyango olungxamisekileyo. Emva kokujongana neemfuno zakho ezikhawulezileyo, kungcono ukubuza ugqirha wakho le mibuzo:

• Ngaba ndiza kufuna olunye utyando?
• Ndingaqala nini unyango lomzimba?
• Ndingenza ntoni ukuze ndilawule iintlungu zam?
• Ndiza kukwazi nini ukuhamba?
• Ndiza kukwazi nini ukubuyela eofisini yam okanye kwindawo yam yokusebenza?

Ngaba iintlungu zisenokubakho emva kweminyaka emininzi i-femur ephukileyo inyangiwe?

Ngelishwa, ewe. Nokuba emva kokuba ukwaphuka kwakho kupholile, usenokuba neentlungu kuloo ndawo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba ziintlungu ezingapheliyo. Kunokubakho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zoku:

• Ukonakala kwemithambo-luvo ngenxa yokuqhekeka okanye unyango lokuqala.
• Isiva.
• Isifo samathambo.
• Ukungadibani kukusilela kwamathambo ukudibana kakuhle.

Le ntlungu ingapheliyo inokunciphisa okanye iphele ngonyango lomzimba, umthambo, kunye namayeza.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngoko ke sithethe kakhulu nge-femur ephukileyo. Khumbula, nangona oku kukwenzakala okukhulu, ngonyango olufanelekileyo kunye nokuzinikela kwakho, ungaphila kakuhle.

Imfihlo yokuchacha ngokukhawuleza kukulandela imiyalelo yezonyango ngokuchanekileyo, ukwenza umthambo wonyango njengoko kuyalelwe, kwaye ube nomonde.

Ukuba uneminye imibuzo malunga nale meko, ungathandabuzi ukuthetha nogqirha wakho. Ndikunqwenelela impilo ekhawulezileyo!

i- femur, i-femur ephukileyo, ithambo lethanga, ukwaphuka, utyando, ukuchacha, unyango lomzimba