Ngaba wakha waba nazo naziphi na kwezi ngxaki emva kokutya intlanzi? Masithethe ngeCiguatera!

Intlanzi kukutya okuthandwayo kuthi sonke, ingakumbi intlanzi emnandi ebanjwe elwandle lwaseSri Lanka. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, ngokungalindelekanga, emva kokuyitya, ungaziva iintlungu zesisu, isiyezi, kwaye ude uphelelwe ngamandla. Nokuba awuyazi imbangela, inokuba yityhefu yentlanzi eyingozi. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngetyhefu yentlanzi enzulu kancinci, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ngayo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yiCiguatera.

Yintoni iCiguatera? Ngamafutshane...

Ngamafutshane, iCiguatera luhlobo lwetyhefu yokutya oluvela xa sisitya iintlanzi ezinetyhefu ebizwa ngokuba yiCiguatoxin . Le Ciguatoxin luhlobo lwe- neurotoxin . Oku kuthetha ukuba ichaphazela ngqo ukusebenza kwenkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo .

Khawucinge nje, uhlobo lwe-seaweed (algae) olubizwa ngokuba yi -dinoflagellates (ingakumbi uhlobo lwe-'Gambierdiscus toxicus') olukhula kufutshane nee-coral reefs elwandle, ezincinci kakhulu ukuba zingabonwa ngamehlo enyama, luvelisa le toxin ebizwa ngokuba yi-ciguatoxin. Emva koko, iintlanzi ezincinci ezitya ezi zityalo ziqokelela le toxin emizimbeni yazo. Emva koko, iintlanzi ezinkulu ezitya ezo ntlanzi zincinci - njenge-grouper kunye ne-snapper esizityayo - ziqokelela le toxin emizimbeni yazo.

Into engaqhelekanga kukuba, ezi tyhefu azenzi monakalo mkhulu kwiintlanzi. Nangona kunjalo, ingxaki kukuba xa sisitya intlanzi enolu hlobo lwetyhefu. Oko ke kunokuchaphazela kungekuphela nje inkqubo yethu yokugaya ukutya , inkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo , kodwa nakwezinye iimeko ezinzima, inkqubo yethu yentliziyo , oko kukuthi, intliziyo yethu.

I-Ciguatera ayisoloko isisifo esisongela ubomi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ufumana ezi mpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuya kwigumbi longxamiseko esibhedlele (ER) ngoko nangoko . Le yindlela ekuphela kwayo yokuzinzisa imeko yakho nokuthintela iingxaki ezinkulu.

Kuphi apho le tyhefu ixhaphake kakhulu khona?

Nabani na emhlabeni angayifumana le tyhefu. Oku kwenzeka kakhulu xa utya iintlanzi kwiindawo ezineengqaqa zekorale eziqulethe i-algae enobuthi (iiDinoflagellates) endizikhankanyileyo ngaphambili. Oku kuquka iindawo ezifana noLwandle lweCaribbean kunye noLwandlekazi lwePasifiki oluseMzantsi. E-United States, le ngozi ikhona phakathi kweentlanzi ezikulwandle lwaseSouth Florida, eBahamas, kwiZiqithi zaseVirgin, ePuerto Rico, naseHawaii.

Kodwa ke, iintlanzi ezibanjiswa kwiindawo ezinje zisasazeke kwihlabathi liphela. Ngoko ke, nokuba utya phi iintlanzi, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwazi ukuba intlanzi oyityayo ibanjwe kwindawo yolwandle. Ekubeni sineengqaqa zekorale eSri Lanka, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela oku.

Zeziphi iintlobo zeentlanzi ezinokuba neCiguatoxin?

Iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-400 zeentlanzi ezinkulu ezitya iintlanzi ezincinci zinokuqulatha le ciguatoxin. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba utya nayiphi na kwezi ntlanzi, ungayifumana le tyhefu. Uninzi lwexesha, ezi ziintlanzi ezinkulu ezihlala kufutshane neengqaqa zekorale kwaye zitya ezinye iintlanzi. Umzekelo, iintlanzi ezifana nee-moray eels, ii-barracudas, kunye nee-amberjacks.

Nazi ezinye zeentlobo zeentlanzi ezibangela ubuthi beCiguatera:

• I-Amberjack
• IBarracuda
• Iqela
• I-Moray eel
• Intlanzi ye-parrot
• Umhlobo entlanzi obomvu
• Amazantsi olwandle
• I-mackerel yaseSpain
• I-Sturgeon
• Intlanzi yotyando

Uyazi njani ukuba intlanzi ine-ciguatoxin?

Yiyo loo ngxaki. Akukho ndlela yokwazi ngokuqinisekileyo ngaphandle kokuba uyivavanye kwilebhu. E-United States, i-Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ineelebhu ezivavanya ezi tyhefu kwiintlanzi. Kodwa oko akusebenzi xa upheka iintlanzi ekhaya okanye utya iintlanzi nomhlobo wakho kwisidlo sangokuhlwa.

Intlanzi equlethe iCiguatoxin ayitshintshi ivumba layo, incasa, okanye imbonakalo yayo nangayiphi na indlela. Ifana nayo nayiphi na intlanzi eqhelekileyo. Kwakhona, le tyhefu ayinyamalali nokuba sele ibekwe emkhenkceni okanye iphekwe kakuhle. Le yenye yezona ngxaki zinkulu ekuthinteleni ityhefu yentlanzi yeCiguatera. Ingxaki kukuba akunakwenzeka ukubona ubukho bale tyhefu ngaphandle kokujonga elebhu, kwaye le tyhefu ayinakususwa ngexesha lokupheka.

Ixhaphake kangakanani iCiguatera?

Le yeyona ngxaki ixhaphakileyo yokutyhefa ukutya enxulumene neentlanzi. Malunga nesiqingatha sekhulu lamawaka (50,000) amatyala axelwa kwihlabathi liphela minyaka le. Nangona kunjalo, kusenokwenzeka ukuba abantu abaninzi banyangwa ngenxa yoku kwaye bangaxelwa.

Izazinzulu zithi inani labantu abagula yiCiguatera linokwanda ngokutshintsha kwemozulu . Oku kungenxa yokuba utshintsho lwemozulu luyandisa ukutshatyalaliswa kwee-coral reefs. I-algae ebizwa ngokuba yi-'Gambierdiscus toxicus' evelisa i-ciguatoxin ikhula kakuhle kufutshane nee-coral reefs ezifileyo okanye ezifayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukukhula kwale algae kuchatshazelwa zezinye izinto ezininzi, ezinje ngobushushu bamanzi, ityuwa, kunye nokukhanya. Izazinzulu zisaphanda oku.

Zithini iimpawu zetyhefu yeentlanzi zeCiguatera?

Iimpawu zihlala ziqala kwiiyure ezintandathu emva kokutya intlanzi enetyhefu. Ngamanye amaxesha iimpawu zinokubonakala kwangoko emva kwemizuzu engama-30 emva kokutya intlanzi, okanye zinokulibaziseka ukuya kuthi ga kusuku olunye.

Iimpawu eziphambili zezi:

• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza
• Urhudo (intlungu yesisu)
• Ndiziva ndidiniwe kwaye ndidiniwe
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Umbono ofipheleyo
• Ukungaboni (ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo)
• Ukudinwa kunye nevertigo
• Ukubila okukhulu
• Ukurhawuzelela okukhulu
• Ukuziva ngathi lizinyo elibuhlungu okanye izinyo elihambayo
• Incasa evuthayo, yesinyithi emlonyeni
• Intlungu yemisipha, amalungu, okanye isisu
• Ukuba ndindisholo okanye ukurhawuzelela emlonyeni, kwiminwe, nakwiinzwane
• Ukuva izinto ezishushu zibanda kwaye izinto ezibandayo zishushu (oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-'Allodynia')

Ukongeza kwezi, kukho nezinye iimpawu ezinzima, kodwa ezingaqhelekanga kangako:

• Ndiziva ndibanda, ndingcangcazela
• Ukonakala kolusu
• Ukukhubazeka (ukulahlekelwa ziingalo nemilenze)
• Ukunkcenkceshela emlonyeni nasemehlweni
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla (i-Dyspnea)
• Isantya sentliziyo esicothayo (iBradycardia)
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi (iHypotension)

Ukuba ufumana enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu emva kokutya intlanzi enjalo, kufuneka ubone ugqirha ngoko nangoko.

Kutheni iCiguatera isenzeka?

I-Ciguatera ibangelwa yindlela imizimba yethu esabela ngayo kwi-toxin endikhankanyileyo , i-Ciguatoxin. Le toxin iveliswa luhlobo lolwandle. Njengoko le toxin inyuka ityathanga lokutya - ukusuka kwiintlanzi ezincinci ukuya kwiintlanzi ezinkulu ize ifike ebantwini - iba namandla ngakumbi kwaye ibe yingozi ngakumbi. Umzekelo, iintlanzi ezinkulu zasetropiki ezitya iintlanzi ezincinci zinomlinganiselo ophezulu kakhulu we-Ciguatoxin kwiinkqubo zazo zokugaya ukutya. Le toxin inokuba phezulu kakhulu entlokweni yentlanzi, emathunjini, esibindini nasemaqandeni .

Xa utya intlanzi enetyhefu, inkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo ichaphazeleka yityhefu. Itshintsha indlela esebenza ngayo imithambo-luvo yakho. Ngenxa yoko, ufumana ezi mpawu:

• Izifo ezinxulumene nenkqubo yokugaya ukutya (ezifana nokugabha, isicaphucaphu)
• Inxulumene nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo (njengokungaziva mnandi, ukurhawuzelela, iintlungu)
• Inkqubo yentliziyo (njengokubetha kwentliziyo okucothayo)

Isasazeka njani le nto?

Ufumana iCiguatera kuphela xa utya intlanzi enetyhefu.

Kodwa, kukho into enye. Oomama abaninzi abancancisayo abanesifo seCiguatera baxele ukuba abantwana babo nabo baneempawu ezifana norhudo kunye nokurhawuzelelwa lusu . Oku kuthetha ukuba le tyhefu inokudluliselwa kumntwana ngokuncancisa. Ke ngoko, kungcono ukuyeka ukuncancisa ude uphile kule meko.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho zeCiguatera?

Ukuba uhlanza kakhulu, usenokuba manzi emzimbeni . Oku kuthetha ukuba umzimba wakho awunamanzi aneleyo. Kusenokufuneka unikwe i-saline (IV fluids) kwigumbi likaxakeka (ETU) ukuze uzalise ulwelo lomzimba wakho. Iingxaki ezisongela ubomi ziquka ukusilela kokuphefumla kunye nokusilela kwentliziyo.Kulungile. Nangona iCiguatera ingasoloko ibulala, kubalulekile ukuya kwigumbi likaxakeka ngokukhawuleza ukuze kuthintelwe ezi ngxaki zinzima.

Ungayiqonda njani iCiguatera?

Eyona ndlela yokwazi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba uneCiguatera kukuvavanya intlanzi oyityileyo elabhoratri ukuze kubonwe ukuba inalo na ityhefu. Kodwa ke, akukho xesha laloo nto xa usiya kwigumbi longxamiseko.

Ngoko ke, ugqirha okanye umongikazi uza kukuhlola ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zakho kunye nokuba usandul' ukutya uhlobo oluthile lwentlanzi enobungozi .

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango zeCiguatera?

Akukho nyango lucacileyo lwale tyhefu, ngoko ke unyango lujolise kakhulu ekulawuleni iimpawu nokuthintela iingxaki ezisongela ubomi.

Zithini ezi ndlela zonyango?

Oku kulandelayo kungenziwa njengonyango:

• I-activated charcoal: Ukuba uyityile intlanzi kwiiyure ezine, kwaye awukho semngciphekweni wokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, ugqirha wakho angakunika i-activated charcoal ukuze ikuhlanze. Oku kunokunciphisa ukufunxwa kwezinye zetyhefu.
• I-Osmotic diuretics: La mayeza anceda ekunciphiseni ubuninzi bamanzi emzimbeni wakho kwaye anceda ekunciphiseni iimpawu ezinxulumene nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo. Ukuba imeko yakho izinzile kwaye awukho semngciphekweni wokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, unganikwa iyeza elibizwa ngokuba yiMannitol (Osmitrol®) ngomgca we-saline (IV) ukunciphisa iimpawu.
• Amayeza eentlungu: Usenokunikwa iGabapentin okanye iAmitriptyline ukunciphisa iintlungu zemithambo-luvo. Ezi zinokunciphisa neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezifana nokurhawuzelela okukhulu. Kwiintlungu eziqhelekileyo, unganikwa iyeza elichasene nokuvuvukala elingeyo-steroidal (NSAID) okanye i-acetaminophen (Tylenol®) .

Zeziphi ukutya neziselo endifanele ndiziphephe emva konyango?

Kukho ukutya okuthile okunokubangela ukuba iimpawu zibuye kubantu abaphulukene neCiguatera. Ngoko ke, ugqirha wakho unokukucebisa ukuba uziphephe ezi zinto zokutya.

Kungcono ukuziphepha ezi zinto ubuncinane iinyanga ezintandathu :

• Utywala (oku kwandisa umngcipheko weempawu ezinxulumene nentliziyo).
• Intlanzi (nokuba yintlanzi engenatyhefu).
• Amantongomane.
• Iintlobo zembewu.

Ndingaphila ngokukhawuleza kangakanani emva konyango?

Kwabaninzi abantu, iimpawu ziyaphela kwiintsuku okanye iiveki ezimbalwa . Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, iimpawu zinokuhlala iinyanga, kwaye azifane zibe neminyaka. Rhoqo, iimpawu ezinxulumene nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo zihlala ixesha elide.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ufumana iCiguatera?

Uninzi lwabantu luyaphola kwiiveki ezimbalwa. Nangona kunjalo, kungathatha iinyanga, kwaneminyaka, ukuba zonke iimpawu zenkqubo yemithambo-luvo ziphele ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba uyakuphepha ukutya neziselo (ezifana notywala) ezinokubangela ezo mpawu, ekugqibeleni uya kuphila ngokupheleleyo.

Izinga lokufa ngenxa yetyhefu yeCiguatera liphantsi kakhulu – malunga nomntu omnye kwabayi-1,000. Uninzi lokufa lubangelwa ziingxaki ezichaphazela intliziyo nemiphunga. Ezi ngxaki zinokuthintelwa ukuba uya kwigumbi likaxakeka ngokukhawuleza.

Ngaba ukutyhefwa kweentlanzi zeCiguatera kungathintelwa?

Eyona ndlela yokuthintela iCiguatera kukuphepha ukutya iintlanzi eziqulethe le toxin. Ingxaki kukuba, akukho ndlela yokwazi ukuba intlanzi ethile inayo le toxin ngaphandle kokuyivavanya kwilebhu.

Ungawunciphisa umngcipheko wakho ngokuphepha iintlanzi ezifumaneka kufutshane neengqaqa zekorale, ezinokuthi zibe neCiguatera. Ukuba utya ezo ntlanzi, qiniseka ukuba uyaziphepha iindawo ezinokuthi zibe netyhefu - intloko, amathumbu, isibindi namaqanda.

Ndingaya nini esibhedlele (ETU) ngoko nangoko?

Ukuba usandul’ ukutya iintlanzi ezivela emanzini ashushu namanzi ashushu kwaye ufumana naziphi na iimpawu zeCiguatera, yiya kwigumbi longxamiseko (ETU) ngoko nangoko. Ukwenza izinto ngokukhawuleza kunokuthintela iingxaki ezisongela ubomi.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha?

Xa ubona ugqirha, kungcono ukubuza le mibuzo:

• Luhlobo luni lonyango endiludingayo ukulawula iimpawu zam?
• Xa ndisaphila, ndiza kuhlolwa kangaphi?
• Zeziphi ukutya neziselo ekufuneka ndiziphephe kwiintsuku/iiveki/iinyanga ezizayo?
• Ndingazigcina njani ndisempilweni kwaye ndisebenza nzima ngelixa ndiphola kule tyhefu yokutya?
• Ngaba ndifanele ndiphephe ngokupheleleyo ukutya iintlanzi ze-coral reef kwixesha elizayo?

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

I-Ciguatera sisifo esinokukuthumela esibhedlele ngoko nangoko emva kokutya intlanzi emnandi. Indlela ekuphela kwayo yokuyithintela – okukukuyeka ngokupheleleyo ukutya intlanzi yasezitropiki – kunokuba nzima kancinci kuba kuthetha ukuyeka ukutya okuthandayo. Ayizizo zonke iintlanzi ezibomvu okanye iintlanzi eziluhlaza ozityayo ezinale tyhefu. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba zeziphi iimpawu ekufuneka uzibonele ugqirha ngoko nangoko.

Ukuba utya enye yezo ntlanzi ziyingozi kwaye ufumana isisu esibuhlungu, ubuthathaka, ukungakhululeki, ukurhawuzelelwa, okanye ezinye iimpawu zemithambo-luvo, yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka (ETU) ngoko nangoko. Leyo yeyona nto ingcono onokuyenza.

"I-Ciguatera, ukutyhefeka kweentlanzi, i-ciguatoxin, ukutyhefeka kokutya, i-neurotoxin, intlanzi ye-coral reef, iimpawu