Ngaba nawe uziva ulusizi kwaye uphoxekile ngalo lonke ixesha? Ngaba yiloo nto uyibiza ngokuba luxinzelelo? (Ingxaki Enkulu Yoxinzelelo)

Kuqhelekile ukuba sonke sizive sidakumbile, siphoxekile, kwaye sinesizungu ngamanye amaxesha ebomini bethu, akunjalo? Ngamanye amaxesha xa silahlekelwa ngumsebenzi, xa silahlekelwa ngumntu esimthandayo, okanye xa sijongene nengxaki enkulu, siziva sixinezelekile kakhulu. Kodwa le meko ibizwa ngokuba yiClinical Depression okanye iMajor Depression Disorder yahlukile kancinci, kwaye yinto ekufuneka siyixhalabele. Makhe sithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha namhlanje, kuba ichaphazela abantu abaninzi.

Ngoko ke yintoni kanye kanye i-clinical depression?

Ngamafutshane, ukudakumba yimeko yempilo yengqondo echaphazela iingqondo zethu. Ibonakaliswa kukuziva ulusizi ixesha elide, ukuphelelwa lithemba, kunye nokulahlekelwa ngumdla kwizinto esasizithanda. Cinga ngendlela owawukuthanda ngayo ukuchitha ixesha nabahlobo, ukubukela imovie, ukufunda incwadi, okanye ukuzibandakanya kwizinto ozithandayo. Kodwa xa ungena kule meko, ufumanisa ukuba akukho nanye kwezo zinto ebonakala ibalulekile.

Olu xinzelelo lunokuchaphazela ukulala kwakho, ukutya, kunye nokukwazi kwakho ukucinga kakuhle. Ukuze oogqirha bakwazi ukufumanisa le meko, ezi mpawu kufuneka zibe khona imini yonke ubuncinane iiveki ezimbini.

Ukudakumba kwezonyango yimeko engapheliyo. Kodwa kudla ngokuza ngeziqendu. Isiqendu ngasinye sinokuhlala iiveki okanye iinyanga. Usenokuba neziqendu ezingaphezu kwesinye ebomini bakho. Oku kwahlukile kwisifo sokudakumba esingapheliyo, esikukudakumba okuncinci ukuya kokuphakathi okuhlala ubuncinane iminyaka emibini.

Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zesi sifo siphambili sokudakumba. Ezinye zazo zezi:

• Ingxaki Yokuchaphazeleka Kwexesha Lonyaka : Olu luxinzelelo oluvela ngotshintsho oluthile lwexesha lonyaka.
• Uxinzelelo lwangaphambi kokubeleka kunye nolwemva kokubeleka : Uxinzelelo oluvela ngexesha lokukhulelwa nasemva kokubeleka.
• Uxinzelelo olungaqhelekanga : Isifo sokudakumba esibonisa iimpawu ezahlukileyo kancinci kuxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo.

Abantu abaninzi abanesifo sokudakumba banokuba nezinye iingxaki zempilo yengqondo, ezinje ngezi:

• Ingxaki Yokusetyenziswa Kweziyobisi
• Ingxaki yoXinzelelo
• Ingxaki Yokukhathazeka Kwentlalo
• Isifo Sokuxhalaba Okugqithisileyo (OCD)

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kokuziva ulusizi ngokwesiqhelo kunye noku kubizwa ngokuba luxinzelelo lweklinikhi?

Kuqhelekile ukuba buhlungu xa sineengxaki ebomini, xa silahlekelwa ngumsebenzi, xa ubudlelwane buphela. Abanye abantu bade bathi ngelo xesha, "Ndiziva ndidandathekile." Kodwa,Ingxaki Yokudakumba Enkulu yinto eyahlukileyo. Kule meko, ayipheleli nje ekubeni lusizi kunye nokukhungatheka okukhoyo phantse yonke imihla ubuncinane iiveki ezimbini, kodwa kukho nezinye iimpawu ezininzi.

Abantu abaninzi babiza nje ukudakumba okubangelwa ziiklinikhi kunye nesifo sokudakumba esikhulu ngokuthi "ukudakumba," nto leyo ngamanye amaxesha enokubangela ukudideka. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezifo zokudakumba. Umzekelo , isifo sokudakumba esingapheliyo kunye nesifo sokungaphumli ngaphambi kokuya exesheni . Kwezi, ukudakumba okubangelwa ziiklinikhi kuthathwa njengolona hlobo lunzima lokudakumba.

Ngubani onokuthi abe nolu xinzelelo lwezonyango?

Oku kunokwenzeka nakubani na. Kunokwenzeka kubantwana, kubantu abadala abaselula, nakubani na. Nangona kunjalo, kudla ngokuqala kwiminyaka yoo-20. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba kunokwenzeka nakweyiphi na iminyaka.

Kufunyaniswe ukuba abafazi banamathuba amaninzi okufumana uxinzelelo lwengqondo kunamadoda. Kukwaqheleke kakhulu kwabo banolwalamano oluncinci olusondeleyo, okanye abaye baqhawula umtshato, bahlukana, okanye balahlekelwe liqabane.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?

Ukudakumba ngokwezonyango yimeko eqhelekileyo yempilo yengqondo. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ichaphazela phakathi kwe-5% kunye ne-17% yabantu kwihlabathi liphela ngaxa lithile ebomini babo. Oko kuthetha ukuba uninzi lwethu mhlawumbi luyadlula kuyo.

Zithini iimpawu zolu xinzelelo lwezonyango?

Iimpawu zokudakumba zinokuba phakathi kweempawu ezibuthathaka nezibuhlungu. Nangona kunjalo, ezi mpawu zihlala phantse yonke imihla, ubuncinane iiveki ezimbini .

Iimpawu eziphambili kunye neempawu zezi:

• Ukuziva ulusizi kakhulu, ungenanto, kwaye ungenathemba (umoya ophantsi). Abantwana abancinci kunye nabantu abancinci banokubonakala benomsindo kunokuba babe lusizi.
• Ukulahlekelwa ngokupheleleyo ngumdla kwizinto nakwimisebenzi obukade uyithanda ngaphambili.
• Ukwanda okanye ukuncipha komnqweno wokutya. Oku kunokukhokelela ekutyebeni okanye ekulahlekelweni bubunzima.
• Ukuthetha kancinci, ukuncipha kokunyakaza komzimba, kunye nokungacingi kakuhle (ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo).
• Ukungalali okanye i-hypersomnia.
• Ukulahlekelwa ngamandla okanye ukudinwa rhoqo.
• Ukuziva ungafanelekanga, okanye uzive unetyala kakhulu.
• Ukuncipha kokugxila.
• Ukuba neengcinga ngokufa okanye ukuzibulala.

Kubalulekile:Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo uneengcinga zokuzibulala, nceda ufune uncedo ngokukhawuleza. ESri Lanka, ungatsalela umnxeba kwiSumedha hotline ku-1926. Kukho umntu okhoyo ukukunceda iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku.

Kutheni sifumana olu xinzelelo lwezonyango? Zithini izizathu?

Abaphandi abakayazi eyona nto ibangela ukudakumba. Nangona kunjalo, bakholelwa ukuba zininzi izinto ezibangela le meko. Ezi ziquka:

• Ikhemistri yobuchopho: Ukungalingani kwi -neurotransmitters i-serotonin, i-norepinephrine, kunye ne-dopamine engqondweni yethu kucingelwa ukuba kunegalelo ekudandathekeni. Ngaphambili kwakucingwa ukuba oku kungalingani yimbangela ephambili. Nangona kunjalo, uphando olutsha lubonisa ukuba oku kungalingani kwe-neurotransmitter kubangelwa kukuphazamiseka kwimijikelezo ye-neural eyinkimbinkimbi yobuchopho.
• I-genetics: Ukuba ilungu losapho olusondeleyo (umz., umzali, umntakwenu okanye umntakwenu) lunesifo sokudakumba, amathuba akho okuthi ube nale meko aphindwe kathathu kunalowo ungenayo imbali yosapho. Nangona kunjalo, unokuba nayo nokuba akukho mntu kusapho lwakho onayo.
• Uphuhliso lobuntwana: Amava amabi obuntwana (ACEs) , njengokuxhatshazwa kunye neziganeko ezibuhlungu, anokuba negalelo ekuphuhlisweni koxinzelelo lwezonyango kamva ebomini.
• Iziganeko zobomi ezibangela uxinezeleko: Amava anzima afana nokusweleka komntu omthandayo, ukufumana ingozi enkulu, uqhawulo-mtshato, ukuba wedwa, kunye nokungabikho kwenkxaso kunokubangela imeko kubantu abanengxaki yokudakumba.

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani le nto?

Oogqirha baxilonga uxinezeleko lwezonyango ngokusekelwe ekuqondeni kakuhle iimpawu zakho, imbali yezonyango, kunye nembali yempilo yengqondo. Ngamanye amaxesha, ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lweempawu zakho, banokuxilonga ukuba une-subtype ethile, efana ne -Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) okanye i-Atypical Depression .

Ukuze kufunyaniswe ukuba unesifo sokudakumba, kufuneka ube neempawu ezintlanu ubuncinane endizikhankanyileyo ngaphambili, phantse yonke imihla, phantse yonke imihla, ubuncinane iiveki ezimbini ngexesha. Ezimbini kwezo mpawu zintlanu kufuneka zibe kukungazinzi kweemvakalelo kunye nokuphelelwa ngumdla kwimisebenzi obukade uyonwabela .

Ugqirha wakho kuya kufuneka akhuphe ezinye izizathu zeempawu zakho (umz., ezinye iimeko zempilo, ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi). Oku kungabandakanya iimvavanyo zonyango, ezifana novavanyo lwegazi.

Kwakhona, kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba awukaze ube ne- hypomania okanye i-mania ngaphambili. Kuba ukuba ukhe waba nayo, iyaIsifo se-bipolar sinokubakho. Phakathi kwe-5% kunye ne-10% yabantu abanesifo sokudakumba kamva baba nesifo se-bipolar.

Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?

Uxinzelelo lwezonyango ludla ngokuphathwa ngokudibanisa amayeza kunye/okanye unyango lwengqondo . Izifundo zibonise ukuba indibaniselwano yezi ndlela zonyango isebenza ngcono kunezo zodwa.

I-Psychotherapy ithetha nengcali yezempilo yengqondo , efana nengcali yezengqondo. Ingcali yakho yezengqondo iza kukunceda uchonge kwaye utshintshe iimvakalelo zakho ezingalunganga, iingcinga kunye nokuziphatha. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-psychotherapy - i-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) kunye ne -Interpersonal Therapy (IPT) zezona ndlela zimbini zixhaphakileyo ezisetyenziswayo ukunyanga uxinzelelo lweklinikhi. Ungabona ingcali yakho yezengqondo kanye ngeveki okanye rhoqo kwiiveki ezimbini.

Amayeza okudakumba ngamayeza anceda ukulungisa utshintsho lweekhemikhali engqondweni olubangela ukudakumba. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamayeza okudakumba. Kungathatha ixesha ukufumana ekulungeleyo, kwaye kunokufuneka uzame iintlobo ezingaphezu kwesinye. La mayeza anokuba nemiphumo emibi, kodwa adla ngokuncipha ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Kwingxaki enkulu yokudakumba engakhange iphendule kwezinye iindlela zonyango, unyango olubizwa ngokuba yi -electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) lusebenza kakhulu. Lubandakanya ukuthumela umbane omncinci engqondweni yakho, okubangela ukuxhuzula okwethutyana. I-ECT lunyango olukhuselekileyo. Lwenziwa phantsi kwe-anesthesia, ukuze ungabi nantlungu.

Kukho ezinye iindlela zonyango zokukhuthaza ukudakumba ezingaphenduliyo kumayeza:

• Ukukhuthazwa kweMagnetic yeTranscranial (TMS)
• Ukukhuthazwa kweNerve yeVagus (VNS)
• I-Ketamine kunye ne-Esketamine

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuqala ukuziva ungcono emva kokuqala unyango lokudakumba?

Xa uqala ukusebenzisa amayeza okudakumba, ungabona ukuphucuka kweempawu zakho kwiiveki ezimbini zokuqala. Nangona kunjalo, kungathatha iinyanga ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu usebenzisa amayeza ukuze uphile ngokupheleleyo.

Ukuba iyeza alisebenzi emva kweli xesha, thetha nogqirha wakho. Usenokukwazi ukutshintsha idosi okanye akunike elinye iyeza.

Ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni uxinezeleko lwakho lunzima kangakanani na, kungathatha iiveki ezininzi okanye ngaphezulu ngaphambi kokuba uzive ungcono ngonyango lwengqondo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ungalindela ukubona ukuphucuka okukhulu kwiimpawu zakho emva kweeseshoni ezili-10 ukuya kwezili-15 zonyango.

Ngaba singakuthintela ukuba olu xinzelelo lwezonyango luqhubeke?

Nangona ukudakumba kwengqondo kungenakuthintelwa rhoqo, kukho izinto esinokuzenza ukunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko:

• Ukulala kakuhle nokugcina indlela yokulala esempilweni.
• Ukuziqhelanisa neendlela eziphilileyo zokujongana noxinzelelo.
• Ukuzibandakanya rhoqo kwimisebenzi yokuzinyamekela efana nokuzilolonga, ukucamngca, kunye neyoga.
• Ukulawula ezinye iimeko zempilo yomzimba okanye yengqondo onokuba nazo.
• Ukuphepha ukusebenzisa kakubi utywala nezinye iziyobisi.

Ukuba ukhe waba nesiganeko sokudakumba ngaphambili, kusenokwenzeka ukuba uphinde ube naso. Ukuba uneempawu zokudakumba, fumana uncedo ngokukhawuleza.

Ithini ingxelo yokudakumba kweklinikhi?

Ikhondo elizayo lokudakumba ngokwezonyango, oko kukuthi, ithemba lokuchacha, lixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi:

• Ubunzima besifo.
• Nokuba ufuna unyango okanye hayi.
• Nokuba unezinye iingxaki zengqondo okanye zomzimba.

Abo baneemeko ezingembi kangako, abo bafumana unyango, kunye nabo baneenkqubo zokuxhasa eziqinileyo banethuba eliphezulu lokuchacha. Abo banezinye izifo zengqondo okanye iingxaki zobuntu, kunye nabo bafunyenwe beneminyaka engama-60 nangaphezulu banokuba nethuba eliphantsi lokuchacha.

Ukuba ayinyangwa, ukudakumba kwengqondo kunokuthatha iinyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-12.

Okubuhlungu kukuba, malunga nesibini kwisithathu sabantu abanesifo sokudakumba bacinga ngokuzibulala. Kwaye phakathi kwe-10% kunye ne-15% yabantu abanale meko bafa ngokuzibulala.

Nangona kunjalo, iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba ukudakumba yenye yezona ngxaki zempilo yengqondo zinyangekayo. Phakathi kwama-80% nama-90% abantu abafuna unyango ekugqibeleni basabela kakuhle kunyango.

Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokwenzeka ukuba azinyangwa?

Ukuba ukudakumba akunyangwa, kunokuphazamisa kakhulu ubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla kunye nomgangatho wobomi.

Abantu abanesifo sokudakumba ngokwezonyango basengozini enkulu yokuba neengxaki zokuxhalaba kunye neengxaki zokusebenzisa iziyobisi , nto leyo eyonyusa umngcipheko wokuzibulala.

Ukudakumba kungenza iimeko zomzimba ezikhoyo zibe mandundu okanye kube nzima ukuzilawula. Umzekelo:

• Isifo seswekile
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu)
• Isifo Esingapheliyo Sokuqanda Amaphaphu (i-COPD)
• Isifo seMitha yeCoronary

Abantu abanesifo sokudakumba ngokwezonyango nabo basengozini enkulu yokuzibandakanya kwindlela yokuzilimaza njengendlela yokuhlangabezana neempawu zabo.

Ukuba ndikwimeko efana nale, ndingenza ntoni?

Ukongeza ekufuneni iingcebiso zonyango kunye nonyango lobuchwephesha, kukwakho nezinto onokuzenza ekhaya ukunceda ukunciphisa iimpawu zakho:

• Ukuzilolonga rhoqo.
• Ukulala kamnandi ebusuku (hayi ngaphantsi, akusekho ngaphezulu).
• Ukutya ukutya okunempilo.
• Ukuphepha ukusebenzisa utywala (utywala bubangela ukudakumba).
• Chitha ixesha nabantu obathandayo nabakhathaleleyo.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha ngale nto?

Ukuba uneempawu zokudakumba, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha okanye umcebisi wezempilo yengqondo . Banokukunika uxilongo oluchanekileyo baze bakunike iingcebiso zonyango olufanelekileyo.

Ukuba sele uqalile unyango lokudakumba kwaye alusebenzi kakuhle, okanye unemiphumo emibi engathandekiyo, thetha nogqirha wakho ngaloo nto. Banokucebisa isicwangciso sonyango esahlukileyo.

Khumbula, iMajor Depression Disorder yimeko eqhelekileyo yempilo yengqondo. Inokwenzeka nakubani na - ngamanye amaxesha ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo. Eyona nto ilungileyo kukuba inokunyangeka ngempumelelo. Ukuba uneempawu, thetha nogqirha. Okukhona ufumana uncedo ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona ungaphola ngokukhawuleza.

Umyalezo Wokugqibela Wokuya Ekhaya

Kulungile, mandikuxelele ezinye zezona zinto zibalulekileyo esithethe ngazo ukuze zikuncede uzikhumbule.

• Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zoxinzelelo: ukudakumba okuqhelekileyo kunye nokudakumba okuqhelekileyo/uxinzelelo olukhulu . Ukudakumba sisifo sengqondo esifuna unyango.
• Oku kungabandakanya iimpawu ezinje ngosizi oluhlala ixesha elide, ukuphelelwa ngumdla kwizinto ebezithandwa ngaphambili, utshintsho ebuthongweni/kumnqweno wokutya, ukungabikho kwamandla, kunye neengcinga zokuzibulala .
• Oku kunokuphenjelelwa zizinto ezininzi, ezinje ngemfuza, utshintsho lweekhemikhali zobuchopho, kunye namava obomi .
• Ungakhathazeki, kukho unyango olusebenzayo kakhulu koku! Amayeza kunye nonyango lwengqondo (unyango lokuthetha) lunokukunceda uphile ngcono.
• Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo unezinye zezi mpawu, nceda ufune ingcebiso kugqirha. Eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukufumana uncedo kwangethuba. Awuwedwa, baninzi abantu abanokukunceda.

Uxinzelelo , Ingxaki Enkulu Yoxinzelelo, Uxinzelelo Lwezonyango, Iimpawu, Unyango, Impilo Yengqondo