Ngaba ibhola ingayibetha esifubeni inokubangela ukuba intliziyo ime ngequbuliso? Masifunde ngqo nge-'Commotio Cordis'!

Ngaba wakha weva ngomntu obethwa esifubeni yibhola ehamba ngokukhawuleza ngelixa edlala ikhilikithi okanye nawuphi na umdlalo? Oku kuyoyikisa ngokwenene, akunjalo? Ixesha elininzi sicinga ukuba kukudumba okuncinci. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga, kunokuba yimeko embi kakhulu enokuba yingozi ebomini . Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngemeko yentliziyo engaqhelekanga, ngequbuliso, nethile. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -'Commotio Cordis' ngokwezonyango. Oku kuthetha "ukuphazamiseka kwentliziyo" ngesiLatini.

Yintoni `Commotio Cordis`? Ngamafutshane...

Ngamafutshane, i-'Commotio Cordis' kukubetha kwentliziyo, kwindawo ethile, ngexesha elithile, ukusuka kwinto encinci, eqinileyo (edla ngokuba yi-baseball okanye i-hockey puck), ngequbuliso itshintsha isigqi esiqhelekileyo sentliziyo, okubangela ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga ('ventricular fibrillation') kwaye kubangela ukuba intliziyo iyeke ukubetha ngequbuliso ('cardiac arrest'). Khawuthelekelele, intliziyo yethu sisitho esintsonkothileyo nesicwangcisiweyo kakhulu. Ibetha ngokwenkqubo ethile yesignali yombane. Kule 'Commotio Cordis', umsebenzi wombane wentliziyo uyaphazamiseka ngexesha elibalulekileyo ngenxa yempembelelo yokubetha kwangaphandle. Oku kufana nomatshini osebenza kakuhle ofumana ngequbuliso ukubethwa kwindawo engafanelekanga, uphazamise ukusebenza kwawo.

Iqheleke kangakanani le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi `Commotio Cordis`?

Enyanisweni, le yimeko engaqhelekanga kakhulu. Musa ukoyika. Nokuba ujonga kwihlabathi liphela, zingaphantsi kwama-30 iimeko ze-'Commotio Cordis' ezixelwayo ngonyaka. Ngoko ke esi ayisosifo sichaphazela wonke umntu. Nangona kunjalo, nangona sinqabile, umonakalo esinokuwubangela mkhulu, ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela oku.

Ngaba umntu angasinda kwimeko ebizwa `Commotio Cordis`?

Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo inokwenzeka! Kodwa ifuna unyango olukhawulezileyo . Ukuba umntu ubetheke esifubeni ngolu hlobo aze awe, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza i-'CPR' (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) kunye ne-'defibrillate' intliziyo ngoko nangoko usebenzisa i-'AED' (i-Automated External Defibrillator).

Ngethamsanqa, njengoko abantu besiya beqonda ngakumbi ngale meko ngokuhamba kwexesha, amathuba okusinda anyuke kakhulu ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kakhulu koomatshini be-CPR kunye ne-AED .

Zithini iimpawu zale meko?

Iimpawu eziphambili ze `Commotio Cordis` zezi:

• Ukutsala nokuwa kwangoko xa ubetheka esifubeni. Le yeyona nto iphambili.
• Isingqisho sentliziyo esingaqhelekanga (`Ventricular Fibrillation`). Oku kuthetha ukuba amagumbi asezantsi entliziyo ayangcangcazela endaweni yokupompa igazi ngokufanelekileyo.
• Ukubanjwa kwentliziyo ngequbuliso (Ukubanjwa kwentliziyo ngequbuliso).
• Ukulahlekelwa yingqondo.

Ezi mpawu zifika ngequbuliso. Kusenokungabikho zimpawu ekuqaleni.

Yintoni ebangela `iCommotio Cordis`?

Ukuze le meko yenzeke, kufuneka kubekho izinto ezininzi. Isizathu esiphambili kukubetheka kwicala lasekhohlo lesifuba, kanye apho intliziyo ikhoyo, ngokuqhelekileyo ukusuka kwinto encinci, enamandla, njengebhola yebhola, ibhola ye-lacrosse, okanye i-hockey puck, kwi-engile ye-90-degree, ngesantya esimalunga ne-40-50 yeekhilomitha ngeyure. Cinga ngebhola yesikhumba ehamba ngokukhawuleza xa udlala ikhilikithi, okanye naziphi na ezinye izixhobo zemidlalo ezibuhlungu ukuba zibetha umzimba. Kodwa oku akwenzeki kuyo yonke imbetho. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo lixesha apho le mbetho yenzeka khona. Kukho ixesha elithile, elincinci kakhulu 'kumjikelo wentliziyo' yentliziyo yethu, ixesha apho amagumbi asezantsi ('ama-ventricles') entliziyo ancipha, ampompe igazi, aze aphinde aphumle. Elo lixesha kanye apho le mbetho kufuneka yenzeke. Emva koko, ngenxa yempembelelo yaloo mbetho, imisipha yentliziyo, ekufuneka iphumle, inokuvuselelwa ngequbuliso, ikhokelele kwimeko 'ye-ventricular fibrillation' ekhankanyiweyo ngaphambili.

Ngaba i-punch inokubangela `iCommotio Cordis`?

Ewe, ngokwethiyori kunokwenzeka. Kodwa ngenxa yoko, zonke iimeko ezikhankanyiweyo ngaphambili kufuneka zifezekiswe. Oko kukuthi, ukubetheka kufuneka kube kwicala lasekhohlo lesifuba, kwi-engile ye-90-degree, ngesantya seemayile ezingama-40 ngeyure nangaphezulu, kwaye ngelo xesha lichanekileyo entliziyweni. Amathuba okuba oku kwenzeke ngokubetheka okwenziwe kumlo oqhelekileyo aphantsi kakhulu.

Ngubani osemngciphekweni omkhulu we `Commotio Cordis`?

Nangona le meko inokwenzeka nakubani na, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu:

• Kwabo badlala imidlalo: Ingakumbi kwabo badlala imidlalo esebenzisa iibhola ezinzima okanye izixhobo, ezifana nebaseball, i-lacrosse, i-softball, i-hockey. Kwilizwe lethu, kulungile ukulumka ngale nto nakwi-cricket.
• Kubantu abaselula abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-20 ubudala: Le meko idla ngokuchaphazela abantu abaneminyaka emalunga ne-15 ubudala. Oku kusenokuba kungenxa yokuba inkqubo yamathambo esifubeni yabantu abaselula ayikavuthwa ngokupheleleyo, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuba umothuko wokubetha udluliselwe entliziyweni.
• Kumadoda: Oku kuxhaphake kakhulu kubafana kunamantombazana. Oku kusenokuba kungenxa yokuba abafana badla ngokuzibandakanya kakhulu kwimidlalo yokudibanisa.

Zeziphi iingxaki ze `Commotio Cordis`?

Eyona ngxaki iphambili neyingozi kakhulu yoku kukufa ngequbuliso ngenxa yokuhlaselwa yintliziyo.Ngokutsho kweNational Cardiovascular Registry, bangaphezu kwama-220 abantu ababhubhileyo ngenxa yesi sifo ukusukela ngo-1996. Ngenxa yoko, oku akuyonto ifanele ithathwe lula.

Uyiqaphela njani `iCommotio Cordis`?

Ukuba umntu, ingakumbi umntu oselula, ubethelwa kwicala lasekhohlo lesifuba ngelixa edlala imidlalo aze awe ngequbuliso, ugqirha unokurhanela ukuba 'iCommotio Cordis'. Nangona kunjalo, oku 'kukufumanisa ukuba ukhutshiwe '. Oku kuthetha ukuba oogqirha baqala bajonge ukuba kukho ezinye izizathu eziqhelekileyo, ezinje ngokuhlaselwa yintliziyo. Ukuba azikho izizathu ezinjalo, bacinga ukuba 'iCommotio Cordis' isenokuba yimbangela. Emva kokubonelela nge-'CPR' kunye ne-'defibrillation' kwangoko, ezi vavanyo zilandelayo zinokwenziwa esibhedlele:

• I-Electrocardiogram (EKG): Ijonga umsebenzi wombane wentliziyo.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi : Ukujonga umonakalo wentliziyo okanye ezinye iingxaki.
• I-Echocardiogram: Iskeni yokujonga ulwakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi wentliziyo .
• I-MRI yentliziyo okanye i-CT scan : Fumana imifanekiso ecacileyo yentliziyo.
• Ukufakwa kwe-catheter kwintliziyo: Uvavanyo lokujonga izinto ezinje ngokuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi yentliziyo.

Iphathwa njani i-`Commotio Cordis`?

Unyango olukhawulezileyo lubalulekile kumntu onengxaki ye-'Commotio Cordis'. Ukuba ubona isiganeko esinjalo, fowunela ngoko nangoko ku-119/1990 uze uqale i-'CPR' ngokwakho. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, fumana umatshini we-'AED' ngokukhawuleza uze uwusebenzise. Emva kokubonelela ngonyango olungxamisekileyo, isigulana singeniswa esibhedlele kwaye kwenziwa uvavanyo olupheleleyo ukujonga naziphi na ezinye iingxaki zentliziyo ezingafunyaniswanga. Esibhedlele, umsebenzi wentliziyo uyajongwa.

Unyango oluthile

Ukuba isigulane esikhulileyo esine-`Commotio Cordis` asisekho zingqondweni kwaye asikwazi ukulandela imiyalelo, oogqirha banokusebenzisa unyango olubizwa ngokuba yi -`therapeutic hypothermia`. Oku kubandakanya ukuthomalalisa isigulane, ukufaka ityhubhu yokuphefumla, kunye nokwehlisa ubushushu bomzimba ukuya kuma-32-34 degrees Celsius (89.6-93.2 Fahrenheit) malunga neeyure ezili-12-24. Oku kwenziwa kusetyenziswa oomatshini bokupholisa abakhethekileyo, iipakethi zomkhenkce, ulwelo lwe-`IV` olukhenkcezisiweyo, kunye neengubo zokupholisa. Oku kunceda ukunciphisa izinga lokusetyenziswa kweoksijini yingqondo kwaye kuthintele ukudumba. Emva koko, umzimba uvuselelwa kancinci kancinci kangangeeyure ezininzi.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango

Unyango olufana ne-`therapy hypothermia` ngamanye amaxesha lunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Umzekelo:

• `Isifo semiphunga`
• I-Sepsis (ityhefu yegazi)
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga
• I-Coagulopathy (ukuncipha kwamandla egazi okujiya)

Uwunciphisa njani umngcipheko we `Commotio Cordis`?

Nangona oku kungenakuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo, kukho izinto onokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko:

• Ukunxiba izixhobo zokukhusela: Ukunxiba izixhobo zokukhusela esifubeni kunokubonelela ngokhuseleko oluthile. Nangona kunjalo, bekukho iimeko ze-'Commotio Cordis' nokuba bezinxityiwe.
• Izixhobo zemidlalo ezikhuselekileyo: Ukusebenzisa izinto ezifana "neebhola zebhola ezithambileyo", ezenzelwe ngokukodwa abadlali abancinci.
• Ukwazisa kunye nokulungiselela (le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo!):
• Kubalulekile ukuba abaqeqeshi, ootitshala, kunye nabasebenzi bezemidlalo baqeqeshwe ngendlela yokuqaphela i-'Commotio Cordis' kunye nendlela yokwenza i-'CPR'.
• Sifanele siqinisekise ukuba iindawo zemidlalo zinezixhobo ze-AED ezifikelelekayo nezisebenza kakuhle.
• Ukuba neSicwangciso seNgxamiseko esicwangcisiweyo nesisetyenziswa kakuhle (i-EAP) kubalulekile ukuze ufumane unyango olukhawulezileyo.

Khawucinge nje, bekuya kuba luncedo kangakanani ukuba bekukho i-'AED' apho umntwana wakho edlala khona, okanye apho udlala khona, nomntu owaziyo ukuyisebenzisa.

Yintoni onokuyilindela ukuba ufumana i-'Commotio Cordis'?

Ukuba oogqirha bayakuhlola baze baqinisekise ukuba akukho ngxaki zimbi ngentliziyo yakho, akuyi kufuna olunye unyango emva kokuba uphilile kwi-'Commotio Cordis'. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba bafumanisa ukuba unesifo sentliziyo esingaziwayo ngaphambili, esizalwe naso okanye esifuzisiweyo, kuya kufuneka ufumane unyango lwaso.

Ndingaphinda ndiqale ukudlala?

Emva kokuba intliziyo yakho ihlolwe ngokupheleleyo, kuquka i-EKG, i-Echocardiogram, i-MRI okanye i-CT scan yentliziyo, kunye novavanyo loxinzelelo, unokukwazi ukubuyela ekudlaleni imidlalo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ugqirha wakho ubona naziphi na iingxaki ngentliziyo yakho, okanye ukuba kukho umngcipheko omncinci okanye obalulekileyo wokuphinda ube neCommotio Cordis, unokucetyiswa ukuba uphephe imidlalo enokuchaphazeleka enokonakalisa isifuba sakho.

Iyintoni ikamva elilindelekileyo kwimeko ye-'Commotio Cordis'?

I-'Commotio Cordis' yeyona nto yesibini iphambili ebangela ukufa ngequbuliso kwentliziyo phakathi kwabadlali abaselula. Eyokuqala yi-'hypertrophic cardiomyopathy' (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy). Ukuba inyangwa ngokukhawuleza, izinga lokusinda limalunga ne-59%. Oko kuthetha ukuba abantu abangaphezu komnye kwabababini banokusindiswa. Nangona kunjalo, abo bangafumani 'CPR' ngokukhawuleza, okanye abo banesifo sentliziyo sokuzalwa, banethuba eliphantsi lokusinda.

Ndingazinyamekela njani?

Ukuba ugqirha wakho wentliziyo uthi akukho nto imbi ngentliziyo yakho, usenokungadingi unyango olulandelayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba bafumana ingxaki yentliziyo obungayazi, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka uyinyange. Nokuba awunazo iingxaki zentliziyo, licebo elihle ukuba uhlolwe ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka.

Ndingaya nini kwigumbi likaxakeka (ER)?

Ukuba unesifo sentliziyo esifunyanisiweyo, ungadinga unyango olungxamisekileyo kwakhona. Ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu, xelela umntu okufutshane ukuba atsalele umnxeba ku-119/1990 ngoko nangoko:

• Iintlungu zesifuba
• Ukuziva ngathi intliziyo yakho ibetha ngokukhawuleza (`ukubetha kwentliziyo`)
• Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• Ubukrelekrele
• Ukuquleka

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Ungabuza ugqirha imibuzo efana nale:

• Ngaba ndineengxaki zentliziyo ezifuna unyango?
• Ndingaphinda ndidlale imidlalo yokhuphiswano kwakhona?
• Ndingenza ntoni ukuze ndithintele ukonakala okungaphezulu esifubeni sam?

Ukubethwa esifubeni yinto ebuhlungu kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, amathuba okusinda emva kwe-'Commotio Cordis' aphezulu kakhulu namhlanje kunangaphambili. Ngoncedo lwezonyango olukhawulezileyo, uninzi lwabantu lunokuphila. Ukuba ugqirha wakho ufumanisa ukuba unesifo sentliziyo, landela imiyalelo yakhe ngokuchanekileyo. Uqeqesho lwe-'CPR' kunye nokufumaneka koomatshini be-'AED' kunokubangela uxolo olukhulu lwengqondo kwabo bathatha inxaxheba kwimidlalo esengozini ye-'Commotio Cordis'.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Kulungile, ngoko ke ndiyathemba ukuba uyiqonda kakuhle i-'Commotio Cordis' esithethe ngayo namhlanje. Khumbula, oku kuyinto engaqhelekanga kakhulu, kodwa kunokuba yingozi kakhulu ukuba iyenzeka.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba, ukuba umntu uwiswe ngequbuliso kukubetheka esifubeni ngelixa edlala imidlalo, musa ukuyithatha lula loo nto. Nika uncedo lwezonyango olungxamisekileyo ngoko nangoko (CPR, ukusebenzisa i-AED, ukulaliswa esibhedlele).

Njengabaqeqeshi, abazali, kunye nabadlali, ukuhlala benolwazi ngale nto, ukufumana uqeqesho lwe-CPR ukuba kuyimfuneko, kunye nokujonga ii-AED kwiindawo zemidlalo kunokunceda ekusindiseni ubomi. Masidlale ngokukhuselekileyo, sihlale sisempilweni!

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` commotio cordis, uhlaselo lwentliziyo, iintlungu zesifuba, ukwenzakala kwezemidlalo, ukuminxeka kwentliziyo ngesiquphe, i-ventricular fibrillation, i-CPR, i-AED, ukuminxeka kwentliziyo, ukuvuselelwa kwentliziyo kunye nepulmonary