Ingaba umntwana wakho uneengxaki zomchamo wokuzalwa? (Iingxaki zomchamo wokuzalwa) Masithethe ngale nto!

Owu, ngaba umntwana wakho uziva ngathi kukho into engaqhelekanga xa echama ? Ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha basixelela ngeeskeni ngaphambi kokuba umntwana azalwe ukuba kukho utshintsho oluncinci kwinkqubo yomchamo yomntwana. Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive usoyika xa usiva oku. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, masithethe ngale nto ngokulula. Namhlanje siza kujonga ukuba zeziphi ezi meko, kutheni zenzeka, indlela yokuzibona, kunye nendlela yokuzinyanga.

Zithini ezi 'ziingxaki zenkqubo yomchamo yokuzalwa'?

Ngamafutshane, iingxaki zomchamo ezizalwa nazo ziinguqu okanye iziphene kwinkqubo yomchamo yomntwana wakho kwaye ngamanye amaxesha iinkqubo ze-genitourinary ezikhoyo ekuzalweni, oko kuthetha ukuba zenzeka ngelixa umntwana esakhula esibelekweni. Ezi zikwabizwa ngokuba zii-congenital urinary anomalies.

Amalungu omzimba anokuchaphazeleka kakhulu zezi meko zezi:

• Izintso: Njengoko usazi, izintso ezimbini emzimbeni wethu zihluza ityuwa, amanzi, iityhefu kunye nenkunkuma egazini kwaye zivelise umchamo . Uninzi lwabantu lunezintso ezimbini.
• Isinyi somchamo: Le sisitho esifana nengxowa ethambileyo esigcina umchamo .
• Ii-ureters: Ezi ziityhubhu ezimbini zemisipha ezithwala umchamo ukusuka kwizintso ukuya kwisinyi.

Zeziphi izinto ezingaqhelekanga eziqhelekileyo?

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezi zinto zingaqhelekanga. Makhe sijonge ezimbalwa zazo:

• I-Hydronephrosis: Oku kwenzeka xa enye okanye zombini izintso zivuvukala. Khawuthelekelele ukuba kukho into evala indlela yomchamo ukusuka kwizintso ukuya kwisinyi, nto leyo ebangela ukuba umchamo ongaphakathi kwezintso ugcwale kwaye udumbe. Kufana nombhobho wamanzi ovalwayo uze ugcwale ngamanzi.
• Amasende angaphumiyo (cryptorchidism): Ngokwesiqhelo, amasende omntwana oyinkwenkwe akhula ngaphakathi esiswini ngelixa esesesibelekweni. Emva koko ehla kancinci aye kwi-scrotum, ingxowa apho amasende akhoyo khona. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantwana banesinye okanye omabini la masende angafikanga kwi-scrotum ixesha elithile emva kokuzalwa.
• I-Hypospadias: Le yimeko echaphazela iintsana ezingamakhwenkwe. Umnyango okwi-urethra, ityhubhu apho umchamo kunye nesidoda siphuma khona, kufuneka ube sencamini yepenis. Nangona kunjalo, kule meko, umgodi ubekwe kwenye indawo ngaphantsi kwepenis.
• I-Spine bifida: Le yimeko enzima kancinci. Yenzeka xa ingqondo, umqolo, kunye/okanye ii-membrane ezikhuselayo ezijikeleze umqolo (meninges) zingaphuhli ngokupheleleyo ngelixa umntwana esakhula esibelekweni. Kwiimeko ezinzima, oku kunokubangela ukukhubazeka okuncinci okanye okupheleleyo. Kunokubangela ne-neurogenic bladder kunye nezinye iingxaki.
• I-Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR):Ngokwesiqhelo, umchamo uhamba ukusuka kwizintso udlule kwii-ureters uye kwisinyi, uze uphume nge-urethra. Nangona kunjalo, kule meko (VUR), umchamo kwisinyi ubuyela phezulu ngee-ureters, ngamanye amaxesha ubuyele kwizintso.
• Ukuphuma kwe-Bladder: Le yimeko engaqhelekanga kakhulu. Kule meko, isinyi somntwana sikhula ngendlela yokuba ingaphakathi livezwe, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ingaphakathi livezwe. Emva koko umntwana uchama ngomngxuma osezantsi kwesisu, endaweni yokuchama nge-urethra.
• Isifo sesisu sePrune (i-Eagle-Barrett syndrome): Esi sisifo esingaqhelekanga kakhulu. Uphawu oluphambili lwale nto kukungabi namandla okanye ukulahleka kwezihlunu zesisu, nto leyo eyenza isisu sibonakale njengeplamu eyomileyo. Kunye noku, amasende anokwehla aze anyamalale, kwaye kusenokubakho nezinye iingxaki kwinkqubo yomchamo.
• Ivalvu ye-urethral yangasemva (i-PUV): Le meko ichaphazela iintsana ezingamaduna. I-flap eyongezelelweyo (ivalvu) ngasemva kwe-urethra ithintela ukuhamba komchamo. Oku kunokubangela ukuba umchamo ubuyele esinyini, nto leyo ebangela ukuba sidumbe. Oku kungonakalisa i-urethra kunye nezintso.

Ziziphi iimeko ezixhaphakileyo?

Amasende angaphumiyo zezona zinto zixhaphakileyo kwindlela yokuchama kubafana.

I-Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) yimeko eqhelekileyo phakathi kwamantombazana.

Zithini iimpawu zezi zinto zingaqhelekanga?

Oku kuyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesimo esingaqhelekanga. Kwezinye iimeko, kusenokungabikho ntlungu okanye zimpawu zibonakalayo. Kwezi meko, ugqirha unokuzibona kuphela ngovavanyo olufana neeskeni. Nangona kunjalo, nazi ezinye zeempawu eziqhelekileyo:

• Intlungu ecaleni, esiswini, okanye emqolo.
• Ukutsha okanye intlungu xa uchama (i-dysuria).
• Ukuphambuka komchamo , okanye umchamo obuthathaka.
• Ukuchama kakhulu okanye kancinci kunesiqhelo.
• Igazi kumchamo (i-hematuria).
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza .
• I-Hernia .
• Ukuvela rhoqo kwezifo zomchamo (UTIs).
• Umntwana akakhuli esempilweni njengoko bekulindelwe.

Kutheni oku kusenzeka? Zithini izizathu zoku?

Kunzima kakhulu ukuchonga unobangela omnye woku. Kunzima kancinci. Uninzi lwexesha, ezi ngxaki zenkqubo yomchamo zibangelwa kukudibana kwezinto ezingqongileyo kunye notshintsho lwemfuza .

Izinto ezichaphazela okusingqongileyo zezi:

• Umama unesifo seswekile .
• Ukunqongophala kweevithamini ezithile kunye neeminerali, ezifana ne-folate kunye ne-iron, ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
• Amanye amayeza asetyenziswa ngumama (umzekelo, amanye amayeza okuxhuzula) anokuchaphazela kakubi izintso.

Iinguqu eziphambili zemfuza ezinxulumene nezi ngxaki ziijini ze-PAX2 kunye ne-HNF1B. Ezi jini zinceda izintso, inkqubo yomchamo, kunye nezinye izicubu ukuba zakheke ngexesha lokukhula komntwana ongekazalwa.

Ngubani ochaphazeleka kakhulu zezi meko?

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuba umntu kusapho (onxulumene nebhayoloji) ukhe waba neengxaki zezintso okanye zenkqubo yomchamo ngaphambili , umntwana unamathuba amancinci okuba nolu hlobo lwenkqubo yomchamo yokuzalwa engaqhelekanga.

Uzifumana njani ezi zinto? Ungasifumanisa njani esi sifo?

Ixesha elininzi, oogqirha bafumana ezi ngxaki zomchamo wokuzalwa ngexesha le-ultrasound yokukhulelwa. Uyazi, ezi scan zijonga impilo nophuhliso lomntwana. Zinokufumanisa nezinto ezifana ne-oligohydramnios, oku kukungabikho kolwelo lwe-amniotic olujikeleze umntwana. Ngokwesiqhelo, emva kweeveki ezingama-20 zokukhulelwa, uninzi lolulwelo lwe-amniotic lungumchamo . Ngoko ke, ukuba akukho lwelo lwe-amniotic olwaneleyo, oogqirha bakrokrela ukuba kukho into engalunganga kwinkqubo yomchamo yomntwana.

Ukuba ngesizathu esithile oku akunakubonwa ngaphambi kokuba umntwana azalwe, ugqirha unokukukrokrela oku emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe okanye ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu umntwana azibonisayo ngexesha lobuntwana. Emva koko, kwenziwa iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo ukuqinisekisa le meko. Ezi vavanyo zezi:

• I-ultrasound scan: Olu luvavanyo olungenabuhlungu olusebenzisa amaza esandi ukuthatha imifanekiso okanye iividiyo zamalungu omzimba kunye nezicubu zomzimba.
• Uvavanyo lomchamo/uvavanyo lomchamo: Oku kunokuqinisekisa izinto ezifana nokuba kukho usulelo lomchamo.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Olu vavanyo lunokujonga izinto ezifana nokuba izintso zihluza igazi kakuhle kangakanani na (izinga lokuhluza eliqikelelweyo le-glomerular - eGFR).
• I-CT scan (i-computed tomography scan): Olu vavanyo alunabuhlungu. Luthatha ii-X-ray ezininzi zilandelelana ukuze kwenziwe imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zamathambo kunye nezicubu zomzimba.
• I-MRI Scan (MRI / Magnetic resonance imaging): Olu vavanyo alunantlungu. Lusebenzisa imagnethi, amaza erediyo, kunye nekhompyutha ukuthatha imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zamalungu omzimba kunye nezinto ezingaphakathi emzimbeni.
• I-Voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG): Olu luvavanyo olukhethekileyo oluthatha imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zesinyi ngelixa sizalisa kwaye sikhupha amanzi emva kokuchama .
• Iskeni yezintso: Le yinkqubo yokufota amayeza enyukliya esebenzisa inani elincinci lezinto ezinemisebe ukuthatha imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zezintso.
• Uvavanyo lwe-Urodynamic: Oku kubandakanya ukufaka isixhobo, esifana ne-catheter, ukuze kubonwe ukuba isinyi sisebenza kakuhle kangakanani.

Iphathwa njani le nto?

Uhlobo lonyango luxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesiphene umntwana anaso. Ezinye iimeko zisenokungadingi naluphi na unyango. Ezinye iimeko zisenokufuna unyango olwahlukileyo. Umzekelo:

• Ii-antibiotics (ukuba kukho usulelo)
• I-Dialysis (xa izintso zingasebenzi kakuhle)
• Ukufakelwa kwezintso ( ukuba kukho ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso)

Iqela lezonyango lomntwana wakho liza kuhlola imbali epheleleyo yezonyango zomntwana wakho, lihlole kakuhle imeko yakhe yangoku, kwaye lenze isicwangciso sempilo esifanelekileyo nesona sifanelekileyo somntwana wakho.

Ngaba zikho iindlela zokuthintela ezi meko?

Inyaniso kukuba, akunakwenzeka ukuthintela zonke ezi ngxaki zomchamo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba nokukhulelwa okunempilo kunokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho ngandlela ithile. Oko kuthetha ukuba:

• Bona ugqirha ngexesha, ufumane ingcebiso, kwaye uye kwiikliniki ezicwangcisiweyo.
• Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga namayeza kunye neevithamini ozisebenzisayo ngoku.
• Thatha i-vitamin yokukhulelwa equlethe ubuncinane ii-microgram ezingama-400 ze-folic acid yonke imihla.
• Musa ukusebenzisa utywala, icuba, okanye naziphi na iziyobisi ezinganikwanga ngugqirha.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba umntwana wam unengxaki yokuzala yomchamo efana nale? Liza kuba njani ikamva?

Oku kuxhomekeke kakhulu kuhlobo lokungaqheleki komchamo umntwana wakho anako kunye nokuba iimpawu zinzima kangakanani. Abanye abantwana banokufuna unyango oluqhelekileyo ubomi babo bonke. Kodwa ungakhathazeki , iqela lezonyango lomntwana wakho liza kusebenzisana nawe ukwenza isicwangciso sobuqu sokunceda umntwana wakho ahlale ekhuselekile, esempilweni, kwaye ezimeleyo kangangoko.

Njengoko umntwana ekhula, efikelela ebusheni, aze angene ebusheni, ezinye iingxaki zempilo nomgangatho wobomi zinokuvela. Umzekelo:

• Ubunzima bokulawula umchamo kunye nendle (ukungakwazi ukuzibamba komchamo kunye namathumbu).
• Usulelo oluqhelekileyo lwendlela yomchamo (UTIs).
• Ukonakala kwesinyi, izintso, kunye/okanye kwindlela yomchamo.
• Ukonakala okukhulu kwezintso kunokukhokelela ekungasebenzini kwezintso. Kwimeko enjalo, i-dialysis okanye ukufakelwa kwezintso kungafuneka.
• Le meko inokuchaphazela ukusebenza kunye nokubonakala kwezitho zabo zangasese, nto leyo enokuchaphazela amandla abo okufumana abantwana kwixesha elizayo.

Ezi ngxaki zenkqubo yomchamo ezizalwa nazo zinokuchaphazela umntwana wakho ngokweemvakalelo nangokwentlalo (indlela abanye abambona ngayo, indlela acinga ngayo ngaye, njl.njl.), kodwa iqela lakho lezonyango linokubonelela ngenkxaso kuyo yonke le nto, lincede umntwana wakho atshintshele ekubeni ngumntu omdala angabi naxinzelelo kangangoko.

Ndifanele ndimse nini umntwana wam kugqirha? Ndingenza ntoni xa kukho imeko engxamisekileyo?

Kubalulekile ukuhlela amaxesha okudibana rhoqo nogqirha womntwana wakho. Baza kumjonga umntwana wakho ukususela ebuntwaneni, ebuntwaneni, ekukhuleni, naxa sele emdala.

Ukuba umntwana wakho uneengxaki zomchamo kwaye ubonakalisa naziphi na iimpawu ezilandelayo, yiya kwicandelo lezonyango elikufutshane ngokukhawuleza :

• Ukuba ngequbuliso ufumana intlungu enzima nenganyamezelekiyo esiswini, emqolo, okanye ecaleni.
• Ukuba umkhuhlane wakho ungaphezulu kwe-100.5 degrees Fahrenheit (38 degrees Celsius).
• Ukuba ubona utshintsho kwindlela ochama ngayo (umz., ukuchama kakhulu okanye kancinci kunesiqhelo, ukungakwazi ukuchama konke konke, ukuziva iintlungu xa uchama , ukuchama igazi emchameni ).

Yeyiphi imibuzo ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyibuze ugqirha?

Ungalibali ukubuza le mibuzo xa undwendwela ugqirha womntwana wakho:

• "Yintoni kanye kanye ingxaki yenkqubo yomchamo yokuzalwa eba nayo umntwana wam?"
• "Le meko iza kuyichaphazela njani ubomi bakhe kwixesha elizayo?"
• "Ingaba umntwana wam usengozini enkulu yokuba nezinye iingxaki zempilo ngenxa yale meko?"
• "Ingaba umntwana wam udinga unyango?"
• "Ngoko ke, loluphi unyango olungcono?"
• "Zeziphi iingxaki ekufuneka ndiziqaphele ngokukodwa?"
• "Zithini iziphumo zale meko kumntwana wam ixesha elide?"

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekufuneka sizikhumbule

Enye yezona zinto zixhalabisa abazali abaninzi kukuba umntwana wabo ongekazalwa okanye usana olusandul’ ukuzalwa luza kuba nesifo okanye imeko enokuchaphazela ubomi babo. Ezi ngxaki zomchamo wokuzalwa ziyafana, kwaye zinokwenzeka ngelixa umntwana esakhula esibelekweni okanye emva nje kokuzalwa. Uninzi lwezi meko azinakuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuba nokukhulelwa okunempilo,(Oko kukuthi, ukutya ukutya okunesondlo, ukuthatha iivithamini ezicetyiswa ngoogqirha, ukuhlala kude nezinto eziyingozi, kunye nokuya kwiingcebiso zonyango nakwiikliniki ngexesha) kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wezo meko ngandlela ithile.

Ukuba ufumanisa ukuba umntwana wakho uneengxaki zomchamo, ungoyiki . Iqela lezonyango liza kwenza isicwangciso sonyango esikhethekileyo kumntwana wakho kwaye sisebenzele yena. Bayazi ukuba oku kunokuba nzima kwaye kube noxinzelelo kangakanani kuwe njengomzali. Yiyo loo nto bekulungele ukukuchazela iimvavanyo kunye nonyango oluya kufunwa ngumntwana wakho, kwaye baphendule nayiphi na imibuzo onokuba nayo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo onokuyenza ngeli xesha kukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngokuchanekileyo kwaye umthembe ugqirha wakho.

Ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo yomchamo yokuzalwa, iingxaki zomchamo zokuzalwa, iingxaki zomchamo zomntwana, isifo sezintso, iingxaki zesinyi, impilo yomntwana, impilo yokukhulelwa