Utshaba oluthuleyo lwamehlo: Masifunde nge-cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis!

Ngaba wakha wacinga ukuba kunokubakho iintshaba ezingabonwa ngamehlo ethu? Kukho izifo ezifika rhoqo kwaye zonakalise umbono wethu. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesifo samehlo esibi kancinci, kodwa ukuba siyazi kwangaphambili, singasinceda sisilawule. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yiCytomegalovirus Retinitis, okanye `(Cytomegalovirus Retinitis)`, okanye `(CMV) Retinitis` ngamafutshane.

Yintoni i-cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis?

Ngamafutshane, i-`(CMV) Retinitis` sisifo esibi kakhulu emehlweni. Sidla ngokubonakala kubantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka. Usenokuba ukhe weva nge-`Retinitis`. Kukudumba kwe-`Retina`` ngaphakathi kweliso. Le ``Retina`` yeyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo yeliso esinceda sibone kwaye sibone ukukhanya.

Ngoku mandikuxelele kancinci ngale ntsholongwane ibizwa ngokuba yi-`(CMV)`. Le yeyohlobo lwe-`(Necrotizing virus)`. Oko kukuthi, le ntsholongwane itshabalalisa izicubu zomzimba wethu. Ngokuchanekileyo, le yintsholongwane ephuma kusapho lwentsholongwane ye-`(Herpes)`. Into emangalisayo kukuba, uninzi lwethu lusenokuba nalo ntsholongwane ye-`(CMV)` emizimbeni yethu ngaxa lithile ebomini bethu, kodwa asiyiva nokuyiva. Ilala emzimbeni. Nangona kunjalo, xa inkqubo yomzimba yomntu ibuthathaka, loo ntsholongwane ingasebenziyo inokuphinda isebenze kwaye ibangele izifo ezifana ne-`(CMV) Retinitis`.

Ngubani onokuthi aphuhlise oku ngakumbi?

Njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, abantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka basengozini enkulu yokufumana le `(CMV) Retinitis`. Oko kuthetha ukuba:

• Kwabo bane `(HIV/AIDS)`: Enyanisweni, `(CMV) Retinitis` yeyona nto iphambili ebangela ubumfama kubantu abane `(HIV/AIDS).
• Kwabo bafumana unyango lwe-chemotherapy ngenxa yomhlaza: Olu nyango lunciphisa amajoni omzimba.
• Abantu abaye bafakelwa amalungu omzimba, bafakelwa umongo wethambo, okanye abasebenzisa amayeza okunciphisa amasosha omzimba ngenxa yeemeko zokuzikhusela komzimba (izifo apho inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ihlasela iiseli zayo). La mayeza enza buthathaka inkqubo yendalo yokuzikhusela yomzimba.

Khawucinge nje, xa abalindi emizimbeni yethu bebuthathaka, kulula ukuba isela lingene. Xa inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ibuthathaka, kulula ukuba intsholongwane ethi ``(CMV)`` ingene elisweni ize yenze umonakalo.

Zithini iimpawu zesi sifo?

Ingxaki enye ngale nto kukuba kusenokungabikho zimpawu kwizigaba zokuqala ze-CMV Retinitis. Nangona kunjalo, xa iimpawu zibonakala, zingabandakanya:

• Izinto ezidadayo: Ukuziva ngathi zizinto ezincinci ezimnyama, njengeentambo zesigcawu, zihambahamba phambi kwamehlo: Oku kuqhelekile kubantu abaninzi, kodwa kufuneka ukhathazeke ukuba kuya kwanda ngequbuliso.
• I-Scintillating scotoma: Le yimeko evakala ngathi kukukhanya okuncinci okanye amabala amnyama ahambahamba phambi kwamehlo .
• Umbono ojikeleze i-peripheral: Oku kuthetha ukuba inani lezinto ezikungqongileyo onokuzibona ngelixa ujonge phambili liyancipha.
• I-Metamorphopsia: Izinto zinokubonakala ngathi zitshintsha imo, ngokungathi zijonga kwiglasi yamanzi.
• Umbono ofipheleyo.
• Ukungakwazi ukugxila amehlo ekukhanyeni okuqaqambileyo, amehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (i-Photophobia).
• Amehlo abomvu.
• Intlungu yamehlo.

Ngamanye amaxesha ezi mpawu ziqala kwelinye iliso zize zisasazeke kwelinye. Ngoko ke ukuba unenye yezi mpawu, ingakumbi ukuba unamandla omzimba abuthathaka, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha ngoko nangoko.

Kutheni i-CMV retinitis isenzeka?

Ngamafutshane, i-CMV Retinitis yenzeka xa wosulelwe yintsholongwane ye-CMV kwaye intsholongwane ichaphazela i-retina yakho. Oku akubangelwa yintsholongwane entsha engena emzimbeni, kodwa kukuvuselelwa kwakhona kwentsholongwane ebikade ingasebenzi, njengoko inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela yabantu abadala ibuthathaka.

Uyifumana njani le nto? (Ukuxilongwa)

Ukuba unale mpawu, kuya kufuneka ubonane nengcali yamehlo (Ophthalmologist). Uza kukubuza ngembali yakho yezonyango kunye neempawu zangoku. Emva koko, baza kukunika amaconsi amehlo baze benze uvavanyo lokukhulisa amehlo.

Kutheni la mehlo evuleke kangaka? Oku kuvumela ugqirha ukuba abone kakuhle ngaphakathi kweliso. Angajonga iimpawu zesifo kwi-retina nakwezinye iindawo zeliso. Ukuba ufunyaniswe une-retinitis, angenza nomsebenzi webhu, njengovavanyo lwegazi, ukuze kufunyanwe unobangela ochanekileyo.

Zithini iindlela zonyango?

Kukho amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane anokunyanga i-CMV retinitis. Nangona kunjalo, khumbula ukuba nangona la mayeza enokulawula isifo, awanakunyanga ngokupheleleyo.

Ugqirha wakho angagqiba ekubeni akunike elinye okanye ngaphezulu la mayeza okulwa neentsholongwane kunye:

• `(I-Valganciclovir)`: Le inikwa njengepilisi ethathwa ngomlomo.
• `(Ganciclovir)`: Le inganikwa njengolwelo olufakwa emthanjeni `(Intravenously - IV)` okanye njengotyando elisweni `(Intravitreal injection - IVI)`.
• `(Foscarnet)`: Oku kukwanikwa njengo `(IV)` okanye `(IVI)`.
• `(Cidofovir)`: Oku kukwanikwa njenge `(IV)` okanye `(IVI)`.
• `(Letermovir)`: Le ikwaliyeza eliselwayo.
• `(Fomiversen)`

Ixesha lonyango lingathatha iiveki ezininzi. Kuba, kuqala kukho ixesha lonyango olunzulu (`Ixesha lokuqala lonyango`), uze emva koko uthabathe amayeza okulawula isifo (`Unyango loLondolozo`). Ngoko ke, kufuneka ube nomonde ngolu nyango.

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iingxaki kunyango?

Ngamanye amaxesha, unyango lwe-antiviral lwe-CMV retinitis lunokubangela ukuba amasosha omzimba wakho asabele ngokugqithisileyo. Oku kunokukhokelela kwimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-uveitis. I-Uveitis kukudumba kwenye indawo yeliso. Oku kunokubangela ukuba iliso libe bomvu, lidumbe, kwaye libe buhlungu.

Enye into kukuba, ngamanye amaxesha amayeza anikwa i-`(CMV) Retinitis` asenokungasebenzi (`Ukumelana namayeza`). Ukuba oko kuyenzeka, kukho ezinye iindlela zonyango ze-`(CMV)` ezichasene ne-`(Ganciclovir)`, umzekelo. Phakathi kwazo kukho i-`(Leflunomide)` kunye ne-`(T-lymphocyte infusion)`.

Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba unesifo se-CMV retinitis? (Iziphumo)

Iziphumo ezilungileyo zifumaneka xa isifo sifunyenwe kwangethuba kwaye unyango luqalwe kwangethuba. Ukuba asinyangwa, i-CMV Retinitis inokukhokelela ekungabonini kakuhle kwanokungaboni ngokupheleleyo.

Esinye isifo esinzima esinokwenzeka kwi-CMV retinitis kukuqhekeka kwe-retina. Oku kwenzeka xa i-retina yakho yahlukana nezicubu eziyibambe endaweni yayo. Esi sisifo esinzima kakhulu, kodwa sinokulungiswa ngotyando.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba ubona utshintsho olukhawulezileyo embonweni wakho – umzekelo, ukubona amabala amnyama phambi kwamehlo akho okanye ukubona iintlungu zamehlo – funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko. Ukuqhekeka kwe-retina yimeko engxamisekileyo yezonyango.

Ukuba unenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka, kubalulekile ukuba uhlolwe amehlo rhoqo ukuze ukwazi ukufumana naziphi na iingxaki ngaphambi kokuba zibe ziimpawu.

Yeyiphi imibuzo omele uyibuze ugqirha?

Ungabuza ugqirha wakho imibuzo efana nale malunga ne-`(CMV) Retinitis`:

• Ndingabuya ixesha elingakanani ndize ndifike (`Iindibano`)?
• Ngaba ndifanele ndiphephe ukutya, iziselo, okanye imisebenzi?
• Ingaba unyango luza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani?
• Kukweyiphi imeko endiya kufuna ukukubona ngokukhawuleza, okanye ndiye kwigumbi longxamiseko?
• Ziziphi izixhobo ezikhoyo zokundinceda ndiphile ubomi obuqhelekileyo ngenxa yokulahlekelwa kwam umbono?
• Ndingabandakanyeka na kwiimvavanyo zonyango zesi sifo?

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-CMV retinitis kunye ne-HIV retinopathy?

"I-Retinopathy" sisifo se-retina. Zombini i-"(CMV) Retinitis" kunye ne-"(HIV) Retinopathy" zingonakalisa i-retina yakho kwaye zibangele ukulahleka kokubona. Nangona kunjalo,Ezi meko zimbini zibangelwa ziintlobo ezimbini zeentsholongwane. Intsholongwane ye-HIV inokubangela i-HIV retinopathy (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-HIV microvasculopathy). Intsholongwane ye-CMV ibangela i-CMV retinitis.

Ngokuphathelele unyango, amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane anikwa i-`(CMV) Retinitis`. Nangona kunjalo, i-`(HIV Retinopathy)` ayidingi naluphi na unyango oluthile.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Ukuba inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela ibuthathaka, usenokuba uhlala ucinga ngeempawu zakho kwaye ubona oogqirha. Ngenxa yale nto yonke, ukuya kugqirha wamehlo rhoqo kunokubonakala ngathi yingxaki.

Kodwa khumbula, ukuba ufumana i-`(CMV) Retinitis`, okukhona ufunyaniswa unesifo kwaye unyangwa ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona amathuba akho okuphumelela enyuka. Ekubeni iimpawu ze-`(CMV) Retinitis` zisenokungabonakali de ulahlekelwe kukubona, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uhlolwe amehlo rhoqo.

Ngoko ke, lumkela amehlo akho, kuba ngawona mthombo wethu ubalulekileyo wokubona ihlabathi.

I- Cytomegalovirus, i-CMV, i-retinitis, usulelo lwamehlo, amajoni omzimba, ukukhubazeka kokubona, i-HIV, i-AIDS, izifo zamehlo