Ngaba ukhe wahlaselwa yintliziyo, okanye wafakelwa i-stent, okanye mhlawumbi watyandwa nge-bypass, waza ugqirha wakho wakuyalela ukuba uthathe amayeza amabini ngaxeshanye? Abantu abaninzi bakhathazekile kancinci ngale nto. Kuqhelekile ukuba kuvele imibuzo efana nokuthi "Kutheni ndinikwe amayeza amabini?" kunye nokuthi "Ngaba oku kunokubangela iingxaki?". Ngoko ke, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngale ndlela yonyango lwamayeza, ebizwa ngokuba yi-Dual Antiplatelet Therapy (DAPT).
Ngamafutshane, yintoni iDAPT?
I-DAPT lunyango oludibeneyo olusebenzisa iintlobo ezimbini zamayeza okunciphisa igazi. Ngokukodwa, unikwa i-aspirin kunye nelinye iyeza elibizwa ngokuba yi-P2Y12 inhibitor .
Ngoku khangela, xa senzakala ndaweni ithile emzimbeni wethu, ukopha kuyayeka kuba amahlwili egazi kwaye inxeba liyavaleka. Yinto entle leyo. Kodwa, kwenzeka ntoni ukuba amahlwili egazi akheka kwimithambo yethu yegazi ngaphandle kwesizathu? Khawucinge ngengxinano yezithuthi endleleni, njengeemoto ezinamatheleneyo, la mahlwili egazi anokunamathela kwimithambo yethu yegazi. Ukuba ihlwili legazi elinjalo linamathela kwimithambo yegazi ekhokelela entliziyweni, kwenzeka uhlaselo lwentliziyo. Ukuba linamathela kwimithambo yegazi ekhokelela ebuchotsheni, kwenzeka istroke.
Ngoko ke into eyenziwa lolu nyango lwe-DAPT kukuthintela iiplatelets, iiseli ezincinci egazini lethu, ukuba zinganamatheli kunye kwaye zijiye. Ngale ndlela, olu nyango lunokuthintela ukwakheka kwamahlwili egazi ayingozi (thrombosis).
Ngubani ofuna unyango lwe-DAPT kakhulu?
Oogqirha badla ngokunika olu nyango emva kwesiganeko sempilo kunye nabantu abasengozini yokuphinda balufumane. Jonga itheyibhile engasezantsi.
| Xa kufuneka unyango | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Emva kohlaselo lwentliziyo (Myocardial Infarction) | Ukuthintela iingxaki ezibangelwa kukuhlaselwa yintliziyo okanye ukuqhekeka kwegazi kwakhona. |
| Emva kwestroke okanye iTIA ('istroke encinci') | Ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nesinye isifo sohlangothi. I-TIA yimeko yexeshana apho iimpawu zifika ziphinde ziphele. |
| Emva kokufakwa kwe-stent | Oku kubalulekile ukuthintela ukuba amahlwili egazi angabikho ngaphakathi kwesi sixhobo sincinci esifana ne-mesh esibekwe ukugcina imithambo yegazi yentliziyo ivulekile. |
| Emva kwe-Angioplasty | Xa umthambo wegazi ovalekileyo ukhuliswa ngento efana nebhaluni, oko kuthintela ukwakheka kwamahlwili egazi kwakhona kuloo ndawo. |
| Emva kotyando lweCoronary Artery Bypass | Ukuthintela ukuba amahlwili egazi angabikho kwimithambo yegazi esanda kuqhagamshelwa emva kotyando. |
Ziziphi iingenelo kunye neengozi zonyango lwe-DAPT?
Njengalo naluphi na unyango, oku kuneenzuzo kunye neengozi ezithile.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ugqirha akunike olu nyango kuba iingenelo zingaphezulu kakhulu kuneengozi.
- Inzuzo ephambili: Ngokuthintela ukuqhekeka kwegazi, umngcipheko wokuba nesinye isifo sentliziyo okanye isifo sohlangothi uncitshiswa kakhulu . Eli yeza lisindisa ubomi, ingakumbi kumntu ofakelwe i-stent.
- Umngcipheko ophambili: Ngenxa yokuba la mayeza athintela ukujiya kwegazi, kukho umngcipheko wokopha.
- Uphawu oluqhelekileyo kukopha kwamathumbu .
- Nokuba inxeba elincinci okanye isilonda sinokubangela ukopha okungaphezulu kunesiqhelo.
- Kunqabile kakhulu ukuba kubekho iimeko ezinzima ezifana nokopha ngaphakathi kwengqondo.
Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunye neengxaki ngamanye amayeza
Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhele ukubonwa
Abanye abantu banokufumana oku kulandelayo ngelixa besebenzisa eli yeza:
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla
- Igazi kumchamo (iHematuria)
- Ukudumba okungachazwanga emzimbeni
- Ukopha kwempumlo (i-Epistaxis)
- Ukwehla kwenani leeplatelet egazini (i-Thrombocytopenia)
- Iipolyps zempumlo
Ukuba oku kuyaqhubeka, thetha nogqirha wakho.
Amanye amayeza anokusebenzisana nale mayeza
Ukuba usebenzisa i-DAPT, kufuneka uqaphele kakhulu xa usebenzisa amanye amayeza, ingakumbi la:
- Ii-Anticoagulants (ezinye izinto ezinciphisa igazi):Amayeza afana neWarfarin kunye neApixaban. Ukuba la mayeza asetyenziswa kunye, umngcipheko wokopha uphezulu kakhulu.
- Ii-NSAID (iipilisi zokunciphisa iintlungu): Amayeza afana ne-Ibuprofen, i-Diclofenac, kunye ne-Mefenamic Acid esiwasebenzisa rhoqo xa sisela iintloko ezibuhlungu kunye neentlungu zomzimba. La mayeza andisa umngcipheko wokopha esiswini xa edibene ne-DAPT.
- Amayeza okudakumba: Amanye amayeza asetyenziswa xa kudandathekile.
- IiProton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs): Amayeza afana ne-Omeprazole esiwasebenzisa rhoqo kwi-gastritis.
Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuxelela ugqirha wakho malunga namayeza onke owasebenzisayo (nokuba sisithomalalisi sentlungu osithengayo kwikhemesti).
I-DAPT kufuneka ithathwe ixesha elingakanani?
Oku akufani kuye wonke umntu. Ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ukuba ufuna i-DAPT ixesha elingakanani. Kukho izinto ezininzi ezichaphazela oku:
- Ubudala bakho kunye nempilo yakho iyonke.
- Ingakanani ingozi yakho yokopha?
- Ingozi yokuba nolunye uhlaselo lwentliziyo okanye isifo sohlangothi.
- Isizathu sokuqala i-DAPT kwasekuqaleni (ngenxa ye-stent? ngenxa yokuhlaselwa yintliziyo?).
Nangona abanye abantu besenokufuna olu nyango kangangenyanga okanye ezimbini, abanye abaninzi banokulufuna unyaka okanye nangaphezulu . Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba uthathe i-aspirin ubomi bakho bonke, nokuba sele uyekile ukusebenzisa i-DAPT.
Ixesha lokufuna ingcebiso yezonyango ngokukhawuleza
Ekubeni umntu othatha i-DAPT esengozini yokopha, kufuneka ulumke kakhulu ngezi mpawu zilandelayo. Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi, bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza okanye uye kwiSebe leNgxamiseko (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane.
| Iimpawu Zesilumkiso | |
|---|---|
| Ukuhlanza ngegazi | Ukuhlanza igazi elibomvu okanye umchamo onsundu ofana nekofu egayiweyo. |
| Utshintsho kwisihlalo | Isitulo esimnyama esifana netar okanye igazi esitulweni. |
| Intloko ebuhlungu ngequbuliso | Intloko ebuhlungu engathethekiyo nengathethekiyo engafaniyo nayo nayiphi na into endakha ndayibona. |
| Ezinye iimpawu | Intlungu ebuhlungu esiswini, iintlungu zesifuba, ukulahlekelwa zingqondo, isiyezi esigqithisileyo, ukudideka. |
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-DAPT lunyango olusindisa ubomi oludibanisa i-aspirin kunye nelinye iyeza lokuthintela ukuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo.
- Musa ukuyeka ukusebenzisa la mayeza ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha wakho nangasiphi na isizathu . Ukungafumani nosuku olunye kwandisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokuba nehlwili legazi.
- Umngcipheko ophambili wolu nyango kukopha, ngoko ke soloko uqaphela iimpawu ezilumkisayo (indle emnyama, igazi eligabhayo).
- Nokuba uya kugqirha wamazinyo okanye nakweyiphi na enye ingcali, mxelele kuqala ukuba usebenzisa i-DAPT.
- Kusenokufuneka uyeke okwethutyana ukusebenzisa eli yeza ngaphambi kokuba wenze utyando okanye ukhuphe izinyo, kodwa oku kufanele kwenziwe kuphela phantsi kwengcebiso yengcali yentliziyo yakho.
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