Iqhawe elincinci lomzimba wethu: Masifunde yonke into malunga ne-duodenum!

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba ukutya esikutyayo kunika njani amandla kunye nokondla imizimba yethu? Olu luhambo oluntsonkothileyo nolumangalisayo olwenzeka ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu. Ngoko ke, kukho inxalenye encinci kodwa enamandla kakhulu edlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kolu hambo, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha esingathethi kakhulu ngayo. Yiyo leyo i-duodenum . Ngamafutshane, le yinxalenye yokuqala yamathumbu ethu amancinci. Kweli nqaku, siza kuthetha ngalo msebenzi uthuleyo wenkqubo yethu yokugaya ukutya.

Yintoni umsebenzi oyintloko we-duodenum?

Cinga nge-duodenum njengendawo exakekileyo nebalulekileyo yokudibana kwekhonkco lokutya. Yindawo yokuqala apho ukutya okuvela esiswini kudibana khona. Imisebenzi emithathu ephambili yenzeka apha:

1. Ukunciphisa i-asidi yokutya okuvela esiswini:

Xa ukutya esikutyayo kungena esiswini, kuxubana neejusi ze-asidi apho, kuqhekeze, kuze kube yi-porridge engamanzi. Kwizonyango, sibiza le 'chyme' . Le 'chyme' ine-asidi kakhulu. Ngoko ke, ukuba iya ngqo kumathumbu amancinci, inokonakala. I-duodenum ikhupha i-hormone ebizwa ngokuba yi -'secretin' . Le hormone iyahamba ize inike i-pancreas yethu imiqondiso yokuba ikhuphe i-enzyme ebizwa ngokuba yi-'bicarbonate' . Njengokuxuba into ene-asidi namanzi, le bicarbonate ingena ize inciphise i-asidi yaloo 'chyme' ine-asidi eninzi ukuya kwinqanaba elinokunyamezeleka. Oku akugcini nje ngokukhusela amathumbu ethu amancinci, kodwa kukwanceda ukuba afunxe izondlo ngokufanelekileyo.

2. Ukuguqulwa kwe-'chyme' ibe zizondlo ezinokufunxwa ngumzimba:

I-duodenum ikhupha enye i-hormone ebalulekileyo, i-cholecystokinin (CCK) . Le hormone ivuselela isibindi sethu, i-gallbladder, kunye ne-pancreas ukuze ithumele ijusi yazo yokugaya ukutya kwi-duodenum.

• Inyongo, evela kwisibindi nakwinyongo, inceda ekuqhekezeni amafutha.
• I-enzyme ethi 'lipase' evela kwi-pancreas ikwaphula amafutha. I-enzyme ethi 'amylase' iphula ii-carbohydrate, kwaye i-enzyme ethi 'protease' iphula iiproteni.

Izondlo ezicoliweyo ngolu hlobo zifunxwa egazini lethu.

3. Ukutyhalela phambili ukutya okucoliweyo:

Amasuntswana okutya angafunxwanga kunye nenkunkuma atyhalelwa kwi-duodenum aye kwinxalenye elandelayo yamathumbu amancinci, i-jejunum. Oku kwenzeka kuba izihlunu ezikwiindonga ze-duodenum ziyafinyela kwaye ziphumle. Le nkqubo efana namaza eqhubela phambili ukutya ibizwa ngokuba yi -peristalsis .

Ingakanani i-duodenum? Kwaye ikwindawo enjani?

I-duodenum yeyona nxalenye imfutshane kwezithathu zamathumbu ethu amancinci (i-duodenum, i-jejunum, ne-ileum). Imalunga ne- intshi ezili-10 ubude.– Loo nto ingaphantsi kancinci kwenyawo kwirula. Okubangel’ umdla kukuba, igama lesiLatini elithi "duodenum" lithetha "iminwe eli-12." Oko kukuthi, ngaphambili, ubude bayo babulinganiswa ngokucinga ukuba ilingana nobubanzi beminwe eli-12 ebekwe ecaleni kwelinye.

Khawucinge nje, ukuba besinolula amathumbu ethu amancinci onke, ebeya kuba malunga neenyawo ezingama-22 ubude! Oko kumalunga nobude benkundla yethenisi. Nangona kunjalo, i-duodenum, inxalenye encinci yobude bonke, malunga ne-intshi ezili-10, kulapho ukufunxwa kwezondlo okubalulekileyo kwenzeka khona.

I-duodenum ikwindawo engaphantsi kwesisu sethu. Igoba ngendlela efana nonobumba wesiNgesi u-'C', okanye isihlangu sehashe, ngasekunene, ngasemva, ezantsi, uze emva koko uye ekhohlo. Intloko yepancreas ikwindawo engaphakathi kweli goba limile okwe-'C'.

Ziziphi iindawo eziphambili ze-duodenum?

I-duodenum ineenxalenye ezine eziphambili, ezibizwa ngokuba yindawo kunye nokuma kwazo.

1. Icandelo eliphezulu: Eli licandelo eliphezulu elidibanisa nesisu. Limalunga ne-intshi ezi-2 ubude. Indawo apho lidibanisa khona ngqo ne-pylorus, ivalvu ekhupha ukutya esiswini, ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-duodenal bulb. Kulapho kudla ngokuvela khona izilonda emathunjini amancinci, kuba i-asidi yesisu idla ngokulihlasela.

2. Icandelo elihlayo: Njengoko igama lisitsho, le yinxalenye enomfanekiso ka-'C' ehlayo. Imalunga ne-intshi ezi-4 ubude. Le nxalenye iqhagamshelwe kwi-pancreas, i-gallbladder, nesibindi ngemibhobho ethwala ijusi yazo.

3. Inxalenye ethe tye (engaphantsi): Le ikwamalunga ne-intshi ezi-4 ubude. Isuka ekunene iye ekhohlo. Le nxalenye idlula phezu kwe-aorta kunye ne-vena cava engaphantsi, eziyimithambo yegazi ephambili emzimbeni wethu.

4. Inxalenye enyukayo: Le yeyona nxalenye incinci ye-duodenum, ingaphantsi kancinci kwe-intshi ubude. Inyuka kancinci ize iqhagamshelane ne-jejunum.

Zeziphi iintlobo zeengqimba zezicubu ezenziwe yi-duodenum?

Njengenxalenye yendlela yethu yokugaya ukutya (i-GI tract), i-duodenum yenziwe ngamaleya amane aphambili ezicubu. Ukusuka kumaleya angaphakathi ukuya kumaleya angaphandle, zezi:

1. I-Mucosa: Le yingqimba engaphakathi. Iqulethe ii-glands kunye nee-projections ezincinci ezifana neminwe ezibizwa ngokuba yi -'microvilli' . Ezi microvilli ziyandisa kakhulu indawo yomphezulu we-duodenum, zivumela ukuba ifunxe izondlo ezingaphezulu kunokuba ingathi ithe tyaba.

2. I-Submucosa: Olu layer lunemithambo yegazi kunye nezicubu ezidityanisiweyo. Ngokukodwa, ii-gland zikaBrunner zifumaneka kolu layer. Ezi gland zivelisa ukukhupha okuncitshisa i-asidi ye-chyme.

3. Izihlunu:Yenziwe kakhulu zizihlunu ezigudileyo. Umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukuxuba nokuhambisa ukutya phambili. Xa ezi zihlunu zifinyela, 'i-chyme' ixutywa kakuhle nee-enzymes kunye ne-bile.

4. I-Serosa: Le yingubo ekhuselayo engaphandle ye-duodenum. Yenziwe ziiseli ze-epithelial ezi-squamous.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokuvela kwi-duodenum?

Ngenxa yokuba i-duodenum ikufutshane nesisu, kunokwenzeka ukuba yonakale ukuba ubungakanani be-asidi yesisu buyanda. Le asidi inokubangela izilonda, ezaziwa ngokuba 'zii-peptic ulcers' , kwi-duodenum, kunye nasesiswini. Zimbini izizathu eziphambili zoku:

• Usulelo lwebhaktheriya ebizwa ngokuba yi -H. pylori . Cinga ngayo njengebhaktheriya encinci, embi esiswini sakho. Ingonakalisa ulwelo olukhuselayo lwesisu sethu kunye ne-duodenum kwaye ibangele izilonda.
• Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwe-painkillers ebizwa ngokuba yi -'NSAIDs' (iziyobisi ezichasene nokuvuvukala ezingezizo ii-steroidal) . Oko kuthetha ukuba amayeza afana ne-aspirin kunye ne-ibuprofen. Ngamanye amaxesha siwasebenzisa la mayeza ngenxa yeentlungu zomzimba kunye neentloko ezibuhlungu. Kodwa ukuba siwasebenzisa kakhulu kwaye rhoqo, olu hlobo lokulimala lunokukhula.

Kubalulekile: Ukuba isilonda esinganyangwanga sigqobhoza ulwelo olukhuselayo lwe-duodenum size sonakalise umthambo wegazi ongasemva kwaso, obizwa ngokuba yi-gastroduodenal artery, sinokubangela ukopha kakhulu. Le yimeko efuna unyango olungxamisekileyo.

Ukongeza, izifo ezininzi ezidla ngokuchaphazela amathumbu amancinci zinokuchaphazela ne-duodenum. Eminye imizekelo yile:

• I-Brunner's gland adenomas: Ezi ziithumba ezingezizo zomhlaza (ezingenobungozi).
• Isifo sikaCrohn: Esi sisifo esibangela ukudumba nokudumba kwamathumbu.
• Isifo seCeliac: Imeko ebangela iingxaki zokugaya ukutya xa kutyiwa ukutya okunegluten.
• I-Duodenal atresia: Imeko apho i-duodenum ivalwe ngokupheleleyo xa izalwa.
• I-Duodenal stenosis: Imeko apho i-duodenum incipha (kodwa ingavalwanga ngokupheleleyo) xa izalwa.
• Umhlaza we-Duodenal: Umhlaza oqala kwi-duodenum.
• I-Duodenal diverticulum: I-duodenal diverticulum encinci efana nengxowa ephuma eludongeni lwe-duodenum. Ezi zihlala zingabangeli ngxaki okanye zifune unyango ngaphandle kokuba zisulelekile kwaye zivuvuke (i-diverticulitis).
• I-Duodenitis: Ukuvuvukala kwe-duodenum.
• Ukuvaleka kwamathumbu amancinci: Le yingxamiseko yezonyango. Inxalenye yamathumbu amancinci, kuquka ne-duodenum, iyavaleka ngokupheleleyo okanye kancinci.

Ziziphi iimpawu zengxaki kwi-duodenum?

Iimpawu zixhomekeke kuhlobo lwemeko onayo. Kodwa ngokubanzi, iimpawu zengxaki kwi-duodenum zifana neempawu zezinye iingxaki kwinkqubo yethu yokugaya ukutya (`(indlela ye-GI)`). Zingabandakanya:

• Intlungu zesisu
• Ukudumba kunye negesi
• Ukuqhinwa
• Urhudo
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza
• Ukungagayi kakuhle ukutya emva kokutya
• Ukuhlanza igazi okanye ukuphuma kwegazi esitulweni (oku kungaba luphawu lokopha enxebeni)

Ziziphi iimvavanyo eziqhelekileyo ezenziwayo ukujonga impilo ye-duodenum?

Ukuba ugqirha ucinga ukuba unengxaki kwi-duodenum yakho, banokwenza uvavanyo olufana nolu:

• Uvavanyo lokuphefumla ukuze kuhlolwe usulelo lwe-H. pylori.
• Iinkqubo zokujonga imifanekiso ukujonga amaqhuma kunye nokuvuvukala ngaphakathi kwi-duodenum - umzekelo, i-ultrasound, i-X-ray, i-CT scan, kunye ne-MRI.
• Uvavanyo olubandakanya ukufakwa kwetyhubhu enekhamera (i-'scope') kwi-duodenum ukuze ijonge ngaphakathi kuyo - njenge-'enteroscopy' kunye ne-'upper endoscopy'.
• Uvavanyo lwe-biopsy (olubandakanya ukuthatha iqhekeza elincinci lesicwili uze ulihlolisise) lwenziwa ukujonga ukukhula okungaqhelekanga, njengomhlaza.

Ziziphi iindlela eziqhelekileyo zonyango lwezifo ze-duodenal?

Unyango luxhomekeke kwimeko. Unyango oluqhelekileyo zezi:

• Ii-antibiotics zinikwa kwiintsholongwane ezifana ne-H. pylori.
• Ii-corticosteroids zinikwa ukunciphisa ukudumba okuqatha.
• Amayeza anciphisa ubungakanani be-asidi esiswini okanye anciphisa i-asidi esiswini - umzekelo , ii-proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) , ii-histamine receptor blockers (ii-H2 blockers) , kunye nee-antacids .
• Utyando lokulungisa iingxaki zesakhiwo okanye ukunyanga umhlaza – umzekelo yinkqubo yeWhipple .

Ndingenza ntoni ukuze ndigcine i-duodenum yam isempilweni? (Umyalezo Wokubuyela Ekhaya)

I-duodenum yinxalenye yenkqubo yethu yokugaya ukutya. Ngoko ke, imikhwa emihle yokugcina inkqubo yonke isempilweni ikwalungile nakwi-duodenum. Nazi ezinye izinto ezilula onokuzenza:

• Khetha ukutya okunceda inkqubo yakho yokugaya ukutya isebenze kakuhle.
• Yitya ukutya okuninzi okunefayibha eninzi (imifuno, iziqhamo, iimbotyi, iinkozo ezipheleleyo).
• Sela amanzi amaninzi. Zombini ezi zinto ziya kunceda ekulawuleni ukuhamba kwamathumbu akho kwaye zithintele ukuvaleka kwamathumbu akho amancinci.
• Ukutya ukutya okungenayo i-asidi kunye nemifuno kunokunceda ukugcina umgangatho we-asidi osempilweni emathunjini.
• Ziphephe izinto eziyingozi emathunjini akho.
• Ukutshaya nokusela utywala kakhulu kunokonakalisa amalungu omzimba wethu wokugaya ukutya, kuquka ne-duodenum.
• Ukusela amayeza okudambisa iintlungu afana ne-NSAID rhoqo nangokugqithisileyo kunokubangela izilonda ezibuhlungu.
• Ukuba uneengxaki zenkqubo yokugaya ukutya, musa ukuzityeshela iimpawu.
• Izinto ezinje ngokutshintsha indlela ophila ngayo amathumbu, ukungakhululeki esiswini, okanye ukungagayi kakuhle kokutya zinokuba ngcono kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba luphawu olubonisa ukuba kufuneka utshintshe indlela ophila ngayo okanye ubone ugqirha.
• Ukuba uneengxaki zokugaya ukutya ezingapheliyo ezingapheliyo, musa ukulibazisa ukufuna uncedo.

Ukuqukumbela: Inkqubo yethu yokugaya ukutya yiyo esinceda ekugayeni ukutya esikutyayo, ekufunxeni izondlo, nasekususeni inkunkuma eseleyo emizimbeni yethu. Nangona i-duodenum iyinxalenye encinci yale nkqubo, idlala indima enkulu kwimisebenzi emibini ephambili - ukugaya ukutya kunye nokufunxwa kwezondlo . Ngoko ke, khathalela i-duodenum yakho. Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokwenza oko kukunyamekela impilo yakho iyonke yokugaya ukutya. Yondla umzimba wakho ngokutya okunesondlo. Emva koko i-duodenum inokugaya ukutya, ikufunxe, kwaye incede umzimba wakho ufumane amandla.

I- Duodenum, amathumbu amancinci, ukugaya ukutya, ukufunxwa kwezondlo, isisu, i-duodenum, izifo ze-duodenum