Ngaba nawe unesifo se-Alzheimer esiqala kwangethuba? Masifunde ngaso!

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha ukhe ucinge, "Owu, ndiyalibala yonke into kule mihla"? Okanye ngaba uqaphele utshintsho oluncinci kwinkumbulo okanye kwindlela yomhlobo wakho? Mhlawumbi ezi zinto aziyonto yokuxhalaba. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ezi zinto ziyaqhubeka zenzeka nangaphambi kokuba ukhule, licebo elihle ukuzijonga kancinci. Ukuva ezi zinto kunokuba yinto ephazamisayo, kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwazi oku.

Yintoni iSifo se-Alzheimer's esiqala kwangethuba?

Ngamafutshane, iSifo se-Alzheimer's sasekuqaleni (EOAD) luhlobo lwesifo se-Alzheimer's esikhula kubantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala. Oogqirha ngamanye amaxesha basibiza ngokuba sisifo se-Alzheimer's sasekuqaleni kolutsha . Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezi mpawu ziqala ukubonakala phakathi kweminyaka engama-45 ukuya kwengama-64 ubudala.

Isifo sika-Alzheimer sisifo esibangela ukuwohloka kwemithambo-luvo . Oko kukuthi, sisifo esonakalisa kwaye sitshabalalise iiseli ezingqondweni zethu ngokuhamba kwexesha. Esi sisizathu esiphambili se -dementia , esikukulahlekelwa kancinci kwenkumbulo kunye nobukrelekrele. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphantsi kwe-1% yazo zonke izigulana ze-Alzheimer zinesifo se-dementia sasekuqaleni (EOAD).

Ekuqaleni, usenokuba nobunzima bokubona utshintsho olukuwe. Kodwa abo basondeleyo kuwe, njengosapho lwakho nabahlobo bakho, banokubona utshintsho oluncinci onokuthi ungaluboni. Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho kwinkumbulo yakho, kwindlela ocinga ngayo, okanye ekusebenzeni kwakho kwemihla ngemihla, bonana nogqirha ngoko nangoko.

Zithini iimpawu ze-Alzheimer's xa umntu eqala ukugula?

Iimpawu zesifo se-Alzheimer esele sikhona zifana kakhulu nezo zesifo se-Alzheimer esiqhelekileyo. Umahluko ophambili kubudala apho ezi mpawu ziqala ukubonakala khona. Le meko ibangela ukwehla kancinci kancinci kwezakhono zengqondo (ukuhla kwengqondo okuqhubekayo) . Oku kuthetha ukuba njengoko ingqondo yonakele, iimpawu ziya ziba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Ekuqaleni, unokufumana kunzima ukuzazi ezi mpawu ngokwakho. Kodwa abantu obathandayo, usapho lwakho, banokuzibona ezi nguqu zincinci. Ukuba wena okanye umntu omthembayo ubona naziphi na kwezi mpawu ze-dementia, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthetha nogqirha.

Le meko (EOAD) ayichaphazeli wonke umntu ngendlela efanayo. Kodwa ngokubanzi, inokuchaphazela:

• Inkumbulo
• Izakhono zolwimi - ukuthetha nokubhala
• Ubuchule bokuqiqa
• Ukuziphatha kunye nobuntu
• Ukuqonda indawo - Umzekelo, ukuqonda indawo.

(EOAD) Iimpawu zihlala ziqala kancinci kwaye ziba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha. Kwinqanaba lokuqala, unokubona utshintsho oluncinci olufana nolu:

• Utshintsho kwindlela oziphatha ngayo okanye ubuntu bakho (ingakumbi ukuba nomsindo ngakumbi, uphazamisekile, okanye uphazamisekile kunangaphambili)(Isenokukhula.) Khawucinge nje, umntu owayekade ezolile kakhulu ngoku ucaphuka ngenxa yezinto ezincinci.
• Ubunzima bokufumana amagama afanelekileyo xa uthetha okanye ubhala. Kuvakala ngathi amagama awaphumi emlonyeni wakho.
• Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo (umzekelo, ukulibala amagama abantu, ubuso, okanye iziganeko ezenzeka ngelo xesha). Ngaba uhlala ulibala uluhlu lwezinto oza kuzithenga? Okanye ngaba ngequbuliso uyalibala into oza kuyithetha ngexesha lencoko?
• Kunzima ukusombulula iingxaki obunokuzenza ngokulula.
• Nangona imiyalelo inikwe (njengokupheka ngqo ngokweresiphi) , kunokuba nzima ukugxila kwinto omawuyenze ngokulandelayo uze wenze izigqibo .
• Iingxaki zokubona, ukulinganisela, kunye nokulungelelanisa (ungazifumana usoloko ungqubana nefenitshala okanye ukhubeka).

Kamva, ungabona iimpawu eziqatha ngakumbi, ezifana nezi:

• Ndilibale ukuba uphi kwaye ufike njani apho .
• Okubi nangakumbi kukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo (ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba apho ude ulibale neenxalenye zenkumbulo yakho yexesha elide).
• Ukurhanela nokungabathembi abantu obathandayo (kwanabo uthi ubazi kakuhle).
• Ukulahlekelwa kancinci (okanye ngokupheleleyo) kokukwazi ukuthetha nokunxibelelana.

Zithini izizathu zokuqala kwesifo se-Alzheimer's?

Eyona nto ibangela isifo se-Alzheimer ngaphambi kwexesha kukungahlali kakuhle kweeproteni engqondweni , ingakumbi iintlobo ezimbini zeeproteni ezibizwa ngokuba yi-amyloid kunye ne-tau .

Uyazi, ubuchopho bethu buneebhiliyoni zeeseli zemithambo-luvo ezibizwa ngokuba zii-neurons . Ezi seli zemithambo-luvo zezona zisinceda sicinge, sifunde, sikhumbule, kwaye sicebe. Ngoko ke, iproteni ye-amyloid inamathelana ngaphakathi kweeseli zobuchopho, yenze amaqoqo abizwa ngokuba zii-plaque . Iiproteni ze-tau ziyadibana, zenze amaqhina . Ezi plaque kunye namaqhina zithintela iiseli zemithambo-luvo ukuba zingasebenzi kakuhle. Zithintela imiqondiso yombane neyekhemikhali edlula kuzo.

Xa iiproteni ze-amyloid kunye ne-tau ziqokelelana engqondweni, zibulala kancinci iiseli zemithambo-luvo. Yile nto ibangela umonakalo osisigxina obangela iimpawu zesifo sika-Alzheimer. Iiseli zemithambo-luvo ziqala ukufa kwenye inxalenye yengqondo, zize zisasazeke kwezinye iindawo. Rhoqo, i-EOAD iqala kwinxalenye yengqondo elawula inkumbulo yethu - i-hippocampus .

Iingcali zisazama ukufumanisa ukuba kutheni ezi proteni ziqokelelana. Abaphandi bacinga ukuba oku kuqokelelana kweeproteni kwenzeka kudala ngaphambi kokuba kubonakale iimpawu. Kungathatha ixesha elide ukuya kwiminyaka eli-10 ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuba neempawu.

Ngaba isifo se-Alzheimer's esiqala kwangethuba sibangelwa yimfuza?

Ewe, isifo sika-Alzheimer sangaphambi kwexesha sisifo esibangelwa yimfuza.Kunokwenzeka. Uninzi lwezi meko (zesifo se-Alzheimer's sasekuqaleni ) zifunyenwe zinxulumene notshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo kwiikhromosomu 1, 14, okanye 21. Kwakhona, ukuba nejini ebizwa ngokuba yi- (APOE e4 gene) kwandisa umngcipheko. Kodwa ayinguye wonke umntu onejini (APOE e4) oya kuba ne-Alzheimer's. Yinto enye kuphela enokunyusa umngcipheko.

Isifo sika-Alzheimer sinokungena nakwiintsapho. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba abazali bakho okanye abantakwenu banesi sifo, usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba naso. Ukuba ababini kubantakwenu okanye bobabini abazali bakho banaso, umngcipheko wakho uphezulu nangakumbi.

Zithini izinto ezibangela umngcipheko?

Abaphandi basafunda ukuba yintoni ebangela ukuba isifo sika-Alzheimer sikhule kwangethuba kunale minyaka. Ezinye izinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko zingabandakanya:

• Ukuba nesifo se-Alzheimer kumalungu osapho asondeleyo (abazali, abantakwabo noodadewabo).
• Izinto ezikwimeko-bume (into ethile kwindawo ohlala kuyo, osebenza kuyo, okanye ohlala kuyo rhoqo).
• Ukwenzakala okukhulu entloko (ukwenzakala okubuhlungu engqondweni) .
• Ukutshaya.
• Impilo yakho iyonke.

Ezinye iimeko zempilo zinokunyusa umngcipheko we-Alzheimer's, kuquka:

• Isifo sentliziyo
• Isifo seswekile
• I-Down syndrome ebangelwa yi (Trisomy 21)
• Igazi elonyukayo
• I-cholesterol ephezulu
• Ukutyeba kakhulu

Zithini iingxaki ze-Alzheimer's xa umntu eqala ukugula?

Eyona ngxaki inkulu yesifo se-Alzheimer's esiqala kwangethuba kukulimala okubangelwa sisifo engqondweni yakho. Sinokubangela utshintsho oluhlala luhleli kwindlela ocinga ngayo, indlela osebenzisa ngayo umzimba wakho, kunye nobuntu bakho. Njengoko esi sifo siqhubeka, unokufumana iingxaki, ezinye zazo ezinokuba yingozi ebomini.

Ezi zinokubonwa njengeengxaki:

• Ukuwohloka kwempilo yomzimba iyonke.
• Iintsholongwane (umzekelo , i-pneumonia okanye izifo zesikhumba).
• Ukuxhuzula .
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla.
• Ubunzima bokuginya.

Xa ungakwazi ukulawula umzimba wakho, unokuba sengozini enkulu yokuba:

• Izilonda zebhedi .
• Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni okanye ukungondleki kakuhle .
• Ukuwa, ukuphuka kwamathambo, kunye nezinye iingozi ezinzulu.
• Ukungakwazi ukuzibamba komchamo kunye nokungakwazi ukuzibamba kwamathumbu .
• Ukubola kwamazinyo, ukubola kwamazinyo, kunye nezinye iingxaki zamazinyo.

Isifo se-Alzheimer's sasekuqaleni sichongwa njani?

Oogqirha baxilonga i-EOAD ngendlela efanayo naleyo baxilonga ngayo isifo se-Alzheimer. Benza uvavanyo olupheleleyo lomzimba kunye novavanyo lwemithambo-luvo.Emva koko, bayayisusa eminye imikhuhlane enokubangela iingxaki ezifanayo zenkumbulo kunye nezinye iimpawu.

Ugqirha wakho uza kukubuza imibuzo ukuze aqonde impilo yakho nobomi bakho bemihla ngemihla. Baza kuthetha nawe ngotshintsho onokuthi ungaluboni, kodwa umntu osondeleyo kuwe alubonileyo. Ugqirha wakho angakubuza malunga noku:

• Impilo yakho iyonke.
• Imbali yakho yezonyango .
• Ngawaphi amayeza okanye izongezo ozisebenzisayo ngoku?
• Utshintsho kwindlela ovakalelwa ngayo, indlela oziphatha ngayo, kunye nobuntu bakho.
• Ukukwazi kwakho ukwenza imisebenzi yakho yesiqhelo.

Ugqirha uza kwenza iimvavanyo ezininzi ezifana nezi:

• Uvavanyo lwengqondo .
• I-CT scan .
• Iskeni yeMRI yobuchopho .
• Iskeni yePET .
• Uvavanyo lwegazi.
• Uvavanyo lomchamo.

Akukho vavanyo lunye olunokuqinisekisa okanye luchonge isifo se-Alzheimer's esiqala kwangethuba. Nangona kunjalo, ngolwazi oluqokelelwe kolu vavanyo ngalunye, ugqirha unokuthintela ezinye iimeko ezinokubangela iimpawu ezifanayo.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango zesifo se-Alzheimer's esiqala kwangoko?

Ugqirha wakho uza kucebisa unyango oluza kucothisa ukuqhubela phambili kwesifo sakho sengqondo esixhalabisayo , esikukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo kunye nobukrelekrele. Akukho nyango lwalo naluphi na uhlobo lwesifo se-Alzheimer . Nangona kunjalo, unyango lunokunceda ukulawula iimpawu kunye nokucothisa ukuqhubela phambili kwesifo.

Ukuqala unyango kwangethuba yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokugcina impilo yengqondo ubomi bakho bonke. Nangona kunjalo, akukho nyango lwangoku olunokubuyisela umva umonakalo wengqondo okanye ukuwohloka kwengqondo.

Ugqirha wakho usenokukunika unyango oluqhelekileyo lwe-Alzheimer's lwe-EOAD. Ungadinga amayeza afana nala:

• (Ii-Cholinesterase inhibitors)
• (UDonanemab)
• (ILecanemab)
• (Abachasi be-NMDA)

I -Aducanumab lunyango olutsha lwe-EOAD. Iingcali zisayifunda. Inciphisa iproteni ye-amyloid eqokelelana engqondweni.

Amayeza okulawula iimpawu ezithile

Ugqirha wakho angakunika amayeza okulawula ezinye iimpawu. Umzekelo:

• Amayeza okudakumba : La mayeza anokunyanga izinto ezinje ngexhala, ukungazinzi, utshintsho lweemvakalelo, kunye nokudakumba.
• (Amayeza okulwa nesifo sengqondo (neuroleptics)) : Ezi zinokubangela i-paranoia, ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo, kunye nokuphakuzela.Izinto ezinjalo zinokunyangwa.
• (Amayeza okuthintela ukuxhuzula) : La mayeza ngamanye amaxesha anokunyanga utshintsho lweemvakalelo.

Uvavanyo lwezonyango

Izazinzulu zihlala ziphanda nge-EOAD kunye nonyango olunokwenzeka. Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba kukho naziphi na iimvavanyo zeklinikhi ezinokukunceda. Ezi zizilingo okanye izifundo ezibandakanya abantu abazithandelayo abanesifo se-Alzheimer's esiqala kwangoko. Ezi zinokukunika ithuba lokuzama unyango olutsha olungekafumaneki ngokubanzi.

Ingakanani iminyaka yobomi bomntu one-Alzheimer's eqalayo?

Isifo se-Alzheimer sangaphambi kwexesha sichaphazela wonke umntu ngokwahlukileyo. Abanye abantu baphila amashumi eminyaka. Abanye bafa kungekapheli iminyaka eli-10 emva kokuba bexilongiwe. Ixesha onokuphila ngalo lixhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nezi:

• Izinga apho amandla akho engqondo ewohloka khona (ukuwohloka kwengqondo) .
• Ubudala bakho xa wafunyaniswa une-HIV.
• Impilo yakho iyonke kunye nazo naziphi na ezinye izifo onokuba nazo.

Isifo se-Alzheimer esiqala kwangethuba sidla ngokukhula ngokukhawuleza kunesifo se-Alzheimer esiqhelekileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba unokuba neempawu ezinzima kwangethuba kunokuba umntu afumanise ukuba unesifo emva kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuphila nesifo se-Alzheimer esiqala kwangethuba (EOAD). Angakunceda ubeke iinjongo kunye nolindelo olunokwenzeka.

Uziqhelanisa njani nokuphila ne-Alzheimer's xa uqala ukugula?

Ukuphila nesifo se-Alzheimer's esiqala kwangethuba kunokuba nzima kakhulu. Abantu abafumana isifo se-Alzheimer's (EOAD) kwangethuba bahlala besasebenza, kwaye banokuba neentsapho ezincinci ezinabantwana abancinci . Oku kunokubangela imingeni abantu abanesifo se-Alzheimer's esiqhelekileyo abangenayo. Oku kunokuba ngumceli mngeni wokwenene, kodwa khumbula, awuwedwa kolu hambo.

Unelungelo lokufuna iinkonzo ozifunayo emsebenzini wakho. Ugqirha wakho angakuxelela nangezinye izixhobo ezinokukunceda. Ungaqala ukucwangcisa ikamva ngaphambi kokuba iimpawu zakho zibe mandundu. Umzekelo, ungathanda ukuqwalasela imiyalelo ephucukileyo , izicwangciso zomthetho nezemali.

Ukuba ufuna inkxaso, thetha nogqirha wezempilo yengqondo . Kuqhelekile ukuba abantu abanesifo i-Alzheimer's abaqalayo kwangethuba kunye neentsapho zabo bazive bexinezelekile, bexhalabile kwaye bedakumbile , ingakumbi emva kokuba befunyenwe benesifo. Ezo mvakalelo ziyinyani kwaye zifanelekile, kodwa akufuneki zilawule ubomi bakho. Ugqirha wezempilo yengqondo angakunceda uqonde iingcinga zakho kunye neemvakalelo zakho kwaye akuncede ujongane nazo.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba ufumana naziphi na iingxaki ngenkumbulo yakho okanye ngendlela ocinga ngayo, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza .

Kuya kufuneka uhlolwe rhoqo ngugqirha wakho. Uza kujonga inkqubela yemeko yakho aze alungise unyango lwakho njengoko kufuneka.

Ungabuza ugqirha wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• Zeziphi iimpawu okanye utshintsho ekufuneka mna nosapho lwam siziqaphele?
• Ngaba ikho indlela yokuqikelela ukuba esi sifo siza kukhawuleza kangakanani na?
• Yeyiphi indlela engcono yonyango kum?
• Ngaba ungacebisa naziphi na izixhobo zoluntu ezinokunceda usapho lwam ukuba luqhelane nale meko?

Wonke umntu uyalibala izinto ezincinci ngamanye amaxesha, okanye ngequbuliso alibale into abeza kuyithetha ngelixa ethetha. Asinto yokukhathazeka ngayo. Akukho mntu wazi ingqondo nomzimba wakho ngaphezu kwakho. Kodwa ukuba ukhathazekile kukuba inkumbulo yakho okanye indlela ocinga ngayo itshintsha kakhulu—ingakumbi ukuba yenzeka ngequbuliso—bonana nogqirha.

Ngoko ke, zeziphi izinto ezibalulekileyo esifuna ukuzithatha ekhaya kweli nqaku?

Isifo se-Alzheimer's esiqala kwangethuba sisifo esibi kakhulu esinokuchaphazela abantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iingcebiso zonyango ngokukhawuleza ukuba ubona iimpawu zakwangoko ezifana nokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, ubunzima bokufumana amagama, kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha .

Nangona kungekho nyango lwale meko, ukuxilongwa kwangoko kunye nonyango kunokunceda ukulawula iimpawu kunye nokucothisa ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo. Khumbula, awuwedwa. Kukho oogqirha, iingcali zempilo yengqondo, kunye namaqela enkxaso anokukunceda wena nosapho lwakho ukuba nijongane nalo mceli mngeni.

Lumka impilo yengqondo yakho. Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho, musa ukulutyeshela.

I- Alzheimer's, ukulibala, inkumbulo, isifo sobuchopho, isifo semithambo-luvo, i-dementia, i-EOAD