Ngaba ungumama ozayo? Okanye uceba ukongeza ilungu elitsha kusapho lwakho ? Ngoko ke ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka uqaphele le nto. Kuba nokuba utywala obuncinci obuselwa ngumama ngexesha lokukhulelwa bunokuchaphazela ubomi bonke bomntwana osesiswini. Namhlanje sithetha ngesinye sezifo ezinzulu kangaka, i-Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, okanye i-FAS.
Yintoni kanye kanye i-Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)?
Ngamafutshane, i-Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) yeyona imbi kakhulu kwiqela leziphene zokuzalwa ezinokwenzeka kumntwana ozelwe ngumama osela utywala ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Ezi meko zibizwa ngokuba zii-Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs). Kwimeko enjalo, utywala obuselwa ngumama budlulela ngqo kumntwana ngentambo yesisu.
Cinga nje, isibindi sethu esikhulileyo siyaphuka size sisebenzise utywala. Kodwa isibindi somntwana esisesibelekweni asikakhuli ngokupheleleyo. Ngoko ke utywala buyawonakalisa ngokuthe ngqo umzimba womntwana, ingakumbi ingqondo ekhulayo, intliziyo, kunye nezinye izitho zomzimba.
I-F AS lolona hlobo lubi kakhulu lwalo monakalo. Ukongeza, kunokubakho nezinye iimeko ezithambileyo. Umzekelo:
- częściowe płodowe zespo kenda alkolwe (I-Partial fetal alcohol syndrome)
- alkoholowe wady wrodzone (iziphene zokuzalwa ezinxulumene notywala)
- isifo sengqondo esibangelwa butywala
Impembelelo kumntwana kwiimeko nganye kwezi iyahluka. Nangona abanye abantwana benokuba nemiphumo emincinci, abanye banokuba neengxaki ezinkulu ezihlala ubomi bonke.
Kutheni utywala obuncinci buyingozi ngexesha lokukhulelwa?
Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba "kulungile ukusela kancinci." Kodwa inyaniso kukuba, akukho bungakanani botywala obukhuselekileyo ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Kwaye ungacingi ukuba "kulungile ukusela kuphela ngeli xesha." Akukho xesha likhuselekileyo lokusela utywala ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
- Ikota yokuqala yokukhulelwa: Eli lixesha apho amalungu aphambili omntwana, njengengqondo, intliziyo, kunye namalungu omzimba, aqala ukukhula. Umonakalo onokubakho ngenxa yokusela utywala ngeli xesha mkhulu kakhulu.
- Ikota yesiBini neyesiThathu: Ingqondo yomntwana iyaqhubeka nokukhula kwezi yure. Ngenxa yoko, ukusela utywala ngeli xesha kunokuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo amandla okufunda omntwana, ukuziphatha kwakhe, kunye nophuhliso lwakhe lwengqondo.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ukuba ukhulelwe, ukrokrela ukuba ukhulelwe, okanye ukhulelwe, kufuneka uyeke ngokupheleleyo ukusela naluphi na uhlobo lotywala (iwayini, ibhiya, utywala).
Ukongeza kwi-FAS, ukusela utywala ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunokubangela ezinye iingozi ezininzi:
- Ukuphuma kwesisu: Usana lusenokulahleka kwiinyanga zokuqala zokukhulelwa.
- Ukuzalwa kwengane ifile: Usana lunokufela esibelekweni ngexesha lesiqingatha sesibini sokukhulelwa.
- Ukubeletha Ngaphambi Kwexesha: Usana lunokuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha. Iintsana ezisandula ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha zinokuba neengxaki ezininzi zempilo, ezinje ngobunzima bokuphefumla kunye neengxaki zophuhliso lobuchopho.
Zithini iimpawu zomntwana one-FAS?
Umntwana one-FAS unokufumana iingxaki ezahlukeneyo zomzimba, zemithambo-luvo, nezokuziphatha. Ezi mpawu zinokwahluka kumntwana ngamnye.
| Uhlobo oluneempawu | Izinto onokuzibona |
|---|---|
| Umahluko Okwenyama | |
| Inkangeleko yobuso | Amehlo amancinci, umlebe ongaphezulu omncinci kakhulu, ukungabikho komphetho ocacileyo phakathi kwempumlo nomlebe ongaphezulu. |
| Ukukhula | Ukuba mfutshane nobunzima kunabantwana abaqhelekileyo, kwaye unentloko encinci ngobukhulu. |
| Ezinye iingxaki | Ukuphazamiseka kokubona okanye ukuva, utshintsho kumathambo, amalungu kunye neminwe, iingxaki zentliziyo okanye zezintso. |
| Iimpawu ze-Neurological | |
| Ukukhubazeka kokufunda | I-low intelligence quotient (IQ), ubunzima benkumbulo, kunye nobunzima kwizifundo ezifana nezibalo. |
| Intetho kunye nentshukumo | Ukulibaziseka kwentetho, iingxaki zokulinganisela umzimba kunye nokulungelelaniswa. |
| Amandla okucinga | Ubunzima bokuqonda unobangela nesiphumo, ukutshintsha-tshintsha kweemvakalelo rhoqo. |
| Iimpawu Zokuziphatha | |
| Ingqwalasela | Ukungakhathali, iingxaki zokuqwalasela. Oku ngamanye amaxesha kunokuphambaniswa ne-ADHD. |
| Ulawulo lweemvakalelo | Ukungakhathali, umsindo okhawulezayo, ubunzima bokuzizolisa. |
| Ukulala | Iingxaki zokulala nokuncancisa ebuntwaneni. |
Ukuchonga nokunyanga le meko
Akukho vavanyo lwegazi olunokuqinisekisa i-FAS. Ugqirha uxilonga imeko ngokujonga ngononophelo iimpawu zomzimba zomntwana, ukukhula kwakhe, kunye neendlela zakhe zokuziphatha . Kubalulekile nokwazi ukuba umama usele utywala ngexesha lokukhulelwa, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, bubungakanani.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba le meko ayinakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuyichonga kwangethuba kangangoko kunokwenzeka (ingakumbi ngaphambi kokuba ifikelele kwiminyaka emi-6) kunye nokubonelela ngonyango olufunekayo kunye nenkxaso kunokuphucula kakhulu uphuhliso lomntwana kunye nekamva lakhe.
Iindlela zonyango zijongana neengxaki ezithile zomntwana.
- Unyango: Unyango lokuthetha kunye nonyango lomsebenzi kunceda ekuphuhliseni izakhono zomntwana zokuthetha, ukufunda, kunye nezentlalo.
- Amayeza: Akukho mayeza athile e-FAS, kodwa ugqirha angakunika amayeza afanelekileyo okulawula iimpawu ezifana nokusebenza ngokugqithisileyo, ubunzima bokugxila, kunye nexhala.
- Inkxaso kubazali: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukubonelela abazali ngoqeqesho kunye neengcebiso malunga nendlela yokulawula ukuziphatha komntwana wabo. Ukuba umama uxhomekeke kutywala, ukufumana unyango lwakhe kunokunceda ukuthintela omnye umntwana ekubeni afumane le meko kwixesha elizayo kwaye kuncede umntwana okhoyo ukuba anyanyekelwe kakuhle.
Ungayithintela njani i-FAS?
Lo ngumyalezo olungileyo nobalulekileyo kweli nqaku. I-Fetal Alcohol Syndrome yimeko enokuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo. Inye kuphela into ekufuneka yenziwe.
Ziyeke ngokupheleleyo utywala ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ngelixa uzama ukukhulelwa, nangaliphi na ixesha xa kukho ukurhaneleka kokukhulelwa.
Ukuba ucinga ukuba unengxaki ngotywala, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe. Ugqirha wakho uza kukunika isikhokelo osidingayo. Musa ukuvumela impazamo encinci kuwe yonakalise ubomi bonke bomntwana ongenatyala.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) ibangelwa kuphela kukuba umama usela utywala ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
- Akukho xesha "likhuselekileyo" okanye "likhuselekileyo" lokusela utywala ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Nokuba tywala buncinci bunokuba yingozi.
- Le meko ibangela umonakalo ongunaphakade emzimbeni womntwana, engqondweni yakhe, nakwindlela aziphethe ngayo, nto leyo echaphazela ubomi bakhe bonke.
- I-FAS ayinakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo, kodwa ukufunyaniswa kwangoko kunye nonyango kunokuphucula kakhulu ubomi bomntwana.
- Oku kungathintelwa ngokupheleleyo ngokuphepha ngokupheleleyo utywala ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
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