Ngaba ukhathazekile ngokukhula komntwana wakho? Ngaba oku kungenxa yokunqongophala kweehomoni zokukhula (Growth Hormone Deficiency - GHD)?

Ingaba umntwana wakho ukhula kancinci kunabanye abantwana abalingana naye? Okanye ucinga ukuba ubonakala mfutshane kunobudala bakhe? Kuqhelekile ukuba abazali bakhathazeke ngezinto ezinje ngamanye amaxesha. Nangona kunjalo, isenokungabi yinto elula rhoqo. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngemeko enokuthi ifike engqondweni ngamaxesha anjalo, kodwa ayiqhelekanga kangako. Oko kukuthi 'Ukungabikho kweHormone yoKhula', okwabizwa ngokuba yi-'GHD' ngamafutshane.

Yintoni le `Growth Hormone Deficiency (GHD)`? Masiyiqonde ngokulula!

Ngamafutshane, i-GHD yimeko apho i-gland encinci engqondweni yethu, i-pituitary gland, ingavelisi ubungakanani obufunekayo be-growth hormone (GH), ebalulekileyo ekukhuleni komzimba. Abanye abantu babiza oku ngokuthi "i-pituitary dwarfism." Le meko inokuchaphazela iintsana, abantwana, kunye nabantu abadala. Abantwana abane-GHD badla ngokuba bafutshane kuneminyaka yabo, kodwa ezinye iimilinganiselo zomzimba wabo zinokuba zezoqhelekileyo.

Uyazi, iihomoni zifana nezithunywa zeekhemikhali emizimbeni yethu. Zihamba ngegazi zize zixelele amalungu ethu, izihlunu, kunye nezinye izicubu zethu into ekufuneka siyenze kunye nexesha ekufuneka siyenze ngalo.

I-'Pituitary Gland' yethu yi-'Endocrine Gland' encinci, kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu. Ikwisiseko sobuchopho bethu, ngaphantsi kwe-'Hypothalamus'. Ineenxalenye ezimbini eziphambili: i-'Anterior Lobe' kunye ne-'Posterior Lobe'. Yi-'Anterior Lobe' evelisa i-'Growth Hormone (GH)' kunye nezinye iihomoni ezisi-8.

Ngamanye amaxesha abantu abane-GHD banokuba nesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-hypopituitarism, esibangelwa kukunqongophala kwezinye iihomoni eziveliswa yi-pituitary gland. Ezi homoni ziquka:

• `IHormone ye-Antidiuretic (ADH okanye iVasopressin)`
• `Ihomoni evuselela i-follicle`
• 'I-Luteinizing Hormone'
• Ihomoni evuselela i-thyroid (TSH)
• `IHormone ye-Adrenocorticotrophic (ACTH)`

Ngoko ke le `Growth Hormone` yenza ntoni?

I-Growth hormone (GH) ibaluleke kakhulu ekukhuleni kwabantwana. Ichaphazela amalungu amaninzi omzimba. Ibalulekile ekukhuleni okuqhelekileyo, ekuqineni kwemisipha namathambo, nasekusasazweni kwamafutha emzimbeni .

Emva kokuba ii-growth plates (ii-epiphyses) emathanjeni ethu zivaliwe, oko kuthetha ukuba siyeka ukukhula sibe bade, i-GH ayisasisincedi ukuba sikhule sibe bade. Nangona kunjalo, imizimba yethu isafuna i-GH. Njengoko sikhula, i-GH inceda ukugcina ulwakhiwo lomzimba oluqhelekileyo, igcina imetabolism isebenza kakuhle, kwaye inceda ukugcina amanqanaba eglucose egazini .

Ngoko ke, ungabona ukuba nokuba ungumntwana, ulutsha, okanye umntu omdala, ukuba awunayo i-growth hormone eyaneleyo emzimbeni wakho, inokukuchaphazela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kwiminyaka yakho. Kubantwana nakubantu abancinci, i-GHD inokubangela ukuba ungakhuli kakuhle. Kubantu abadala, inokubangela iingxaki ezifana nokunyuka kwamafutha emzimbeni kunye namanqanaba aphezulu eswekile egazini.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-'Growth Hormone Deficiency (GHD)'?

Ewe, kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili ze-`GHD`:

• I-Congenital GHD: Le yimeko ekhoyo ekuzalweni. Ingabangelwa kukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo okanye ingxaki ngesakhiwo sengqondo yomntwana.
• I-GHD efunyenweyo: Oku kubangelwa kukonakala kwe-pituitary gland kamva ebomini. Abantwana kunye nabantu abadala banokuhlakulela i-GHD ngale ndlela.
• Idiopathic GHD: Kwizonyango, igama elithi "idiopathic" lithetha ukuba unobangela alaziwa . Kwezinye iimeko ze-GHD, akukho sizathu sithile sinokufunyanwa.

I-GHD ikwahlulwa ngokweminyaka yokuqala kwayo, njengoko iimpawu kunye neendlela zokuxilonga zahlukile kuxhomekeke ekubeni iqala kumntwana okanye kumntu omdala.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-`GHD`?

Ukunqongophala kwehomoni yokukhula (GHD) yimeko engaqhelekanga kakhulu . Xa sithetha nje, i-GHD ichaphazela malunga nomnye kubantwana abayi-4,000 ukuya komnye kubantwana abayi-10,000. I-GHD eqala kubantu abadala nayo yimeko engaqhelekanga, ichaphazela malunga nomnye kubantu abayi-10,000.

Zithini iimpawu ze-'Growth Hormone Deficiency (GHD)'?

Iimpawu ze-GHD ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiminyaka oye waba nayo le meko.

Iimpawu ze-GHD kwiintsana nakubantwana

Xa iintsana nabantwana bene-GHD, ukukhula kwabo kuyaphazamiseka. Uphawu oluphambili kukunyuka kancinci kobude minyaka le emva kokuzalwa komntwana okwesithathu . Oku kuthetha ukuba badla ngokufumana ngaphantsi kwe-1.4 intshi ngonyaka.

Ezinye iimpawu zezi:

• Ubuso obubonakala buncinci kunobudala balo.
• Iinwele ezibuthathaka kunye nokukhula kwezipikili.
• Ukulibaziseka kokuqaqanjelwa kwamazinyo.
• Ukufikisa okulibazisekileyo .
• Amanqanaba aphantsi eswekile egazini (`Hypoglycemia`) kwiintsana nabantwana abancinci.
• Ipenisi yeentsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa ezingamaduna incinci kakhulu (`Micropenis`).

Iimpawu ze-GHD eziqala xa umntu emdala

Iimpawu ze-GHD eziqala xa umntu emdala zinokuba nzima ukuzibona. Ezi mpawu ziquka:

• Ukuziva ungonwabanga kwaye ungonwabanga.
• Ixhala kunye/okanye ukudakumba.
• Ukuncipha kwamandla omzimba.
• Ukwanda kokugcwala kwamafutha, ingakumbi ecaleni kwesisu .
• Ukuncipha kwethoni yemisipha.
• Ukuncipha koxinano lwamathambo kunokukhokelela kwiimeko ezifana ne-osteoporosis.
• Ukunganyamezelani ne-insulin kunokukhokelela kwisifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini.
• Amanqanaba aphezulu e-LDL-cholesterol kunye ne-triglycerides anyusa umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo.

Zithini izizathu zale meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-`GHD`?

Izizathu ze-GHD zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiminyaka apho imeko iqala khona. Ngamanye amaxesha, kukho iimeko apho kungafumaneki sizathu (idiopathic).

Izizathu zeCongenital GHD

I-Congenital GHD ibangelwa kukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo . Ngamanye amaxesha oku kunokunxulunyaniswa neengxaki kwisakhiwo sobuchopho okanye ukungaqheleki kumgca ophakathi wobuso (umz., i-cleft palate, i-single central incisor).

Izazinzulu zichonge utshintsho oluninzi lwemfuza olubangela i-GHD. Ezinye zazo zezi:

• Uhlobo lwe-IA lokungabikho kwehomoni yokukhula ehlukanisiweyo: Olu tshintsho lwemfuza lubangela ukuba ukukhula kucothe kwinqanaba losana olungekazalwa, kwaye umntwana uncinci kakhulu kunokuba bekulindelwe ekuzalweni. Aba bantu baqala basabela kakuhle kunyango lwehomoni yokukhula eyenziweyo (GH), kodwa kamva bavelisa ii-antibodies ezichasene nehomoni. Oku kuphumela ekukhuleni okungalindelekanga kunye nobude obufutshane kakhulu bomntu omdala.
• Uhlobo lwe-IB lokungabikho kwehomoni yokukhula: Olu hlobo lufana nohlobo lwe-IA, kodwa aba bantwana bane-GH yendalo emizimbeni yabo xa bezalwa. Bakwasabela kunyango lwe-GH olungeyolwemvelo ubomi babo bonke.
• Uhlobo lwesibini lokungabikho kwehomoni yokukhula: Aba bantu banamanqanaba aphantsi kakhulu e-GH, kwaye kunokubakho amazinga ahlukeneyo okulahleka kobude. Ukungaphumeleli kokukhula kudla ngokubonakala ebuntwaneni okanye ebuntwaneni obuphakathi. Malunga nesiqingatha saba bantu bane-pituitary gland engaphuhliswanga kakuhle (i-Pituitary Hypoplasia).
• Ukungabikho kwehomoni yokukhula ezimeleyo uhlobo lwesithathu: Njengohlobo lwesibini, aba bantu banamanqanaba aphantsi kakhulu e-GH kwaye banokuhlangabezana namanqanaba ahlukeneyo okungakwazi ukukhula. Ukungaphumeleli kokukhula kudla ngokubonakala ebuntwaneni okanye ebuntwaneni obuphakathi. Basenokuba nenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka kunye nosulelo oluqhelekileyo.

Iipateni zelifa zolu hlobo luzimeleyo lokungabikho kwehomoni yokukhula zinokwahluka ukusuka kwizizukulwana ukuya kwizizukulwana.

Izizathu ze-GHD efunyenweyo

I-GHD, eyenzeka kamva ebomini, ibangelwa kukonakala kwe-pituitary gland. Lo monakalo ubangela ukuba i-gland ilahlekelwe ngamandla ayo okuvelisa nokukhupha i-growth hormone. Bobabini abantwana kunye nabantu abadala banokuphuhla i-GHD ngale ndlela.

I-pituitary gland inokonakala ngenxa yeemeko okanye iziganeko ezifana nezi:

• I-pituitary adenoma (isimila esingengomhlaza).
• Unyango lwemitha kwi-pituitary gland okanye kwindawo engqongileyo.
• Ukwenzakala okukhulu entloko okanye `Ukulimala Kobuchopho Okwenzakalisayo (TBI)`.
• Ukuphazamiseka kokuhamba kwegazi ukuya kwi-pituitary gland.
• Umonakalo ongalindelekanga okanye ongenakuphepheka ngexesha lotyando lobuchopho okanye utyando lokususa i-pituitary adenoma.
• `Usulelo lweNkqubo yeNervous eseMbindini`.
• Izifo ezisasazeka emzimbeni, ezifana ne-Langerhans cell histiocytosis, i-sarcoidosis, kunye nesifo sephepha.
• Iithumba ezikwi-hypothalamus zinokubangela uxinzelelo kwi-pituitary gland.

Oogqirha bethu bayixilonga njani le meko 'ye-GHD'?

I-GHD idla ngokuchongwa kubantwana abaneminyaka emibini ubudala. Eyokuqala imalunga neminyaka emi-5 ubudala, xa abantwana beqala isikolo . Oku kungenxa yokuba abazali banokuthelekisa ubude bomntwana wabo nobabanye abantwana eklasini yabo ngokulula. Ubudala besibini buphakathi kweminyaka eli-10-13 kumantombazana kunye ne-12-16 kumakhwenkwe . Le yiminyaka apho ukufikisa kudla ngokuqala khona. Ukufikisa okulibazisekileyo kunokubangela amathandabuzo nge-GHD.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekuchongeni i-GHD ebantwaneni kukukhula okukhulayo . Le yindlela umntwana akhula ngayo. Ukukhula kudla ngokulandela indlela ethile. Ukuba ukukhula kujongwa ixesha leenyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-12 kwaye kungaphakathi komlinganiselo oqhelekileyo ngelo xesha, akukho thuba lincinci lokuba kubekho ingxaki yokukhula.

I-GHD, eqala xa umntu emdala, inokuba nzima ukuyifumanisa kuba iimpawu zayo azicacanga kwaye zibonakala ngathi zizinto eziqhelekileyo. Oku kunokwenza kube nzima ukuyifumanisa.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwa ebantwaneni ukuze kufunyanwe i-'GHD'?

Ugqirha womntwana wakho uza kuyihlola ngononophelo imbali yakhe yezonyango kunye neetshathi zokukhula ukuze ajonge iimpawu zokusilela kokukhula, izinto ezinokubangela i-GHD, kunye nezinye iimeko ezinokuchaphazela ukukhula.

Ezinye iimeko zempilo ezinokuchaphazela ukukhula zezi:

• I-Hypothyroidism (i-thyroid gland engasebenzi kakuhle).
• Ukufikisa okulibazisekileyo.
• Isifo seCeliac.
• Ukungondleki kakuhle.

Ngenxa yokuba amanqanaba e-growth hormone egazini lethu ayatshintshatshintsha kakhulu imini yonke, uvavanyo lwegazi lodwa alunakukwazi ukubona ukungabikho kwe-GH. Ke ngoko, ugqirha womntwana wakho unokuyalela iimvavanyo ezinje ngezi ukuqinisekisa i-GHD kunye/okanye ukuthintela ezinye iimeko ezinokuchaphazela ukukhula:

• Ii-X-reyi: I-X-reyi yesandla inokwenziwa ukuvavanya ukukhula kwamathambo (ubudala bamathambo) kunye nokukwazi ukukhula kwawo.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi kunye nolunye uvavanyo lwelebhu:Ezinye iimvavanyo zegazi zinokunceda ekuthinteleni ezinye iimeko ezichaphazela ukukhula okanye zincede ekuxilongeni i-GHD. Uvavanyo oluthile lwegazi lufana ne-insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) kunye ne-insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3).
• Uvavanyo Lokukhuthaza Ihomoni Yokukhula: Olu lolona vavanyo luphambili olusetyenziswa ngoogqirha ukuxilonga i-GHD. Kolu vavanyo, umntwana wakho unikwa iyeza elivuselela i-pituitary gland ukuba ikhuphe i-GH. Emva koko ugqirha uthatha isampuli yegazi aze alinganise inqanaba le-GH. Ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo lwegazi azibonisi ukuba inqanaba le-GH linyukile ukuya kwinqanaba elilindelekileyo, oko kuthetha ukuba i-pituitary gland ayivelisi i-GH eyaneleyo.
• Umfanekiso weMagnetic Resonance (MRI): Ugqirha womntwana wakho unokuyalela i-MRI yentloko. Oku kunokunceda ekufumaneni unobangela we-GHD ngokukhangela iingxaki kwi-pituitary gland okanye ebuchotsheni.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwa kubantu abadala ukuze kufunyanwe i-'GHD'?

Uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo olusetyenziswa ukufumanisa i-GHD kubantu abadala luvavanyo lokunyamezela i-Insulin . I-Insulin yi-hormone eveliswa ngokwendalo yi-pancreas yethu.

Kolu vavanyo, ugqirha uza kukunika inaliti ye-insulin yokwenziwa ukuze anciphise amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho. Emva koko, baza kuthatha isampuli yegazi baze balinganise ubungakanani behomoni yokukhula egazini lakho.

Xa amanqanaba eswekile egazini lethu ephantsi (hypoglycemia), i-growth hormone idla ngokukhutshwa. Ukuba uvavanyo lwakho lwegazi lubonisa ukuba amanqanaba e-growth hormone yakho aphantsi kunokuba bekulindelwe kuvavanyo lokunyamezela i-insulin, oku kuqinisekisa imeko ye-GHD.

Kusenokubakho ezinye iimvavanyo:

• `Uvavanyo lokukhuthaza iGlucagon`
• `Uvavanyo lokukhuthaza iMacimorelin`
• `Uvavanyo lokukhuthaza i-Arginine`
• `Uvavanyo lokukhuthaza iClonidine`

Iphathwa njani i-`Growth Hormone Deficiency (GHD)`?

Unyango lwe-GHD kubantwana nakubantu abadala lujojo lwe-synthetic growth hormone (iRecombinant Human Growth Hormone) . Ezi zinokunikwa ekhaya. Abantu abane-GHD badla ngokuthatha i-injection yemihla ngemihla .

Unyango lwe-synthetic growth hormone luthatha ixesha elide , ngamanye amaxesha luhlala iminyaka eliqela. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha wakho rhoqo ukuze ubone ukuba unyango lusebenza kakuhle na kwaye ukuba idosi kufuneka ilungiswe na.

Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho nineentsilelo kwezinye iihomoni zepituitary, kuya kufuneka nonyango lokulungisa ezo ntsilelo.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango lwe-`GHD`

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziphantsi okanye eziphakathi ezivela kwiinaliti zehomoni yokukhula kunyango lwe-GHD aziqhelekanga. Nangona kunjalo, zinokubandakanya:

• Intloko ebuhlungu.
• Intlungu yemisipha okanye intlungu yamalungu.
• I-hypothyroidism ebuthathaka.
• Ukudumba kwezandla neenyawo.
• Ukwanda kokugoba komqolo kubantu abane-scoliosis.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezingaqhelekanga kodwa ezinzulu nazo zinokwenzeka:

• Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu ehamba neengxaki zokubona.
• I-Hip Dysplasia (ukuncamathisela okungalunganga kwethambo lethanga kwithambo lesinqe).
• I-pancreatitis (ukudumba kwe-pancreas).

Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko . Umthamo wamayeza akho unokufuneka uhlengahlengiswe.

Ziziphi izinto ezibangela umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa i-'GHD'?

Ngelishwa, uninzi lweemeko ze-GHD azinakuthintelwa. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izinto ezinobungozi zinokunyusa amathuba okuba wena okanye umntwana wakho nibe ne-GHD. Ezi ziquka:

• Ukufumana unyango lomhlaza ngaphambi kokuba umntu omdala abe mdala.
• Ukufumana unyango lwemitha entloko okanye engqondweni.
• Ukukhanya komzimba wonke.
• Utyando engqondweni, ingakumbi inxalenye ephambili yobuchopho apho kukho i-pituitary gland.

Ukuba kukho naziphi na kwezi zinto zinobungozi ezichaphazela wena okanye umntwana wakho, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele iimpawu ze-GHD kwaye uthethe nogqirha wakho ngayo.

Ithini ingqikelelo ye-GHD?

Kubantwana abane-GHD, okukhona imeko inyangwa ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona umntwana ekhula kufutshane nobude obuqhelekileyo bomntu omdala . Uninzi lwabantwana lufumana ii-intshi ezine okanye ngaphezulu kunyaka wokuqala wonyango. Bafumana ii-intshi ezintathu okanye ngaphezulu kwiminyaka emibini ezayo. Emva koko, izinga lokukhula liyehla.

Abantu abane-GHD eqala ukuba ngabantu abadala, ukuba banyangwa ngokufanelekileyo, badla ngokuba nembono entle kwaye banokuphila ubomi obusempilweni.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ze-GHD?

Ukuba i-GHD ebantwaneni ayinyangwa, inokukhokelela ekubeni babe mfutshane kwaye bafikelele kwixesha lokufikisa .

Nokuba unyango olufanelekileyo lufanelekile, abantu abane-GHD eqalayo xa sele bekhulile basengozini enkulu yokuba nesifo sentliziyo kunye nesifo sohlangothi . Le ngozi ingancitshiswa yimikhwa esempilweni efana nokutya ukutya okunesondlo kunye nokuzilolonga rhoqo.

Abantu abane-GHD abaqala ebudaleni nabo basengozini enkulu yokuba ne-osteoporosis. Oku kuthetha ukuba banamathuba amaninzi okuphuka amathambo ngenxa yokwenzakala okuncinci okanye ukuwa. Ukunciphisa le mingcipheko, kubalulekile ukutya ukutya okutyebileyo kwi-calcium kwaye uthathe izongezo ze-vitamin D njengoko kucetyisiwe ngugqirha wakho.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha malunga ne-GHD?

Zininzi izizathu zokuba abantwana bakhule kancinci baze babe bafutshane kunesiqhelo. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukukhula kancinci kunokuba yinto eqhelekileyo kwaye kube yinto yexeshana. Umzekelo, xa ufikisa kusondela. Ukuba ukhathazekile ngesantya sokukhula komntwana wakho, bona ingcali ye-endocrinologist yabantwana okanye omnye ugqirha . Banokukunceda ubone ukuba izinga lokukhula komntwana wakho yinto ekufuneka uyixhalabele.

Ukuba ungumntu omdala kwaye uneempawu ze-GHD, thetha nogqirha wakho.

Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho nifunyaniswe ukuba nine-GHD, kufuneka nibone ugqirha wakho rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba unyango lusebenza kakuhle .

Ukuba ubona naluphi na ulibaziseko lokukhula komntwana wakho, kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza. Nangona kungenakwenzeka ukuba i-GHD ibe yimbangela, kufanelekile ukujonga naluphi na utshintsho oluxhalabisayo. Ukuba abantu abane-GHD bachongwa kwangethuba, banembono engcono kwaye ngokubanzi banokuphila ubomi obusempilweni. Ukuba unemibuzo malunga nokukhula komntwana wakho, ungoyiki ukubuza ugqirha wakho. Balapha ukukunceda.

Umyalezo Wokugqibela Wokuya Ekhaya

Ngoko ke, mhlawumbi uyaqonda ukuba yintoni i-'Growth Hormone Deficiency (GHD)' kunye nendlela enokubachaphazela ngayo abantwana nabantu abadala ngokufanayo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukungaxhalabi ngayo, kwaye ubone ugqirha ngokukhawuleza ukuba uneenkxalabo . Ngokuchongwa kwangoko kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo, uninzi lwabantu abane-'GHD' banokuphila ubomi obuphumelelayo nobunempilo. Ukuba uneengxaki malunga nophuhliso lomntwana wakho okanye impilo yakho, akukaze kube kudala ukuthetha nogqirha ngayo.

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