Ingaba umntwana wakho omncinci usoloko ephathwa yintloko ebuhlungu? (Iintloko ebuhlungu ebantwaneni) Masithethe ngale nto!

Ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho uhlala ephathwa ziintloko ezibuhlungu? Enyanisweni kuqhelekile ukuba abantwana abancinci babe neentloko ezibuhlungu. Ngamanye amaxesha banokuba nomkhuhlane omncinci okanye umkhuhlane. Kodwa xa ziqhubeka okanye ziba nzima, kuyinto eqhelekileyo kuthi njengabazali ukuba sikhathazeke. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngeentloko ezibuhlungu ebantwaneni, oko kukuthi, `(Iintloko ezibuhlungu ebantwaneni)`.

Yintoni intloko ebuhlungu? Kutheni abantwana beyifumana?

Ngamafutshane, intloko ebuhlungu yintlungu entlokweni okanye ebusweni bomntwana wakho. Malunga nama-25% abantwana abancinci kunye nama-75% abantwana abadala, abaneminyaka eli-10-12 ubudala, banokuba neentloko ezibuhlungu. Enyanisweni, uhlobo olunzima lwentloko olubizwa ngokuba yi-"Migraine" lolunye lweentlobo ezi-5 eziphambili zentloko ebuhlungu ezibonwa ebantwaneni. Ungamangaliswa kukwazi ukuba kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-150 zentloko ebuhlungu! Kodwa ungakhathazeki, masithethe ngeentlobo eziphambili.

Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zentloko ebuhlungu ebantwaneni?

Olu hlobo lwentloko lunokwahlulwahlulwa lube ziindidi ezine eziphambili.

1. Intloko ebuhlungu

Le yeyona ntloko ibuhlungu kakhulu. Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu eyenzeka izihlandlo ezininzi ngenyanga. Kwimeko enjalo, umntwana usenokungakwazi ukubona ukukhanya okanye ukuva isandi . Kunye noku, isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza kunokwenzeka. Intloko ebuhlungu inokuba yelifa. Ama-60% abantu abanentloko ebuhlungu banelungu losapho (umama, utata, abantakwabo noodadewabo) elinale meko.

2. Iintloko ezibuhlungu

Olu luhlobo oluxhaphakileyo kakhulu. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zalo:

• Intloko ebuhlungu yokuxinezeleka: Oku kwenzeka ngaphantsi kweentsuku ezili-15 ngenyanga.
• Intloko ebuhlungu engapheliyo: Ukuba uneentloko ezibuhlungu kangangeentsuku ezingaphezu kwe-15 ngenyanga.
• Intloko ebuhlungu yemihla ngemihla: Iintloko ezibuhlungu ezenzeka yonke imihla.
• Intloko ebuhlungu engaqhubekiyo: Oku kwenzeka yonke imihla okanye amaxesha amaninzi ngenyanga, kodwa iimpawu ezongezelelweyo ( isicaphucaphu , ukuhlanza , ukuva ingxolo yangaphandle) ze- migraine azixhaphakanga kangako.

3. I-Mixed headache syndrome/I-Chronic migraine/I-Transformed migraine

Olu ludibaniso lwe "Migraine" kunye "nentloko ebuhlungu engapheliyo nengapheliyo". Ukuba umntwana wakho uneentloko ezibuhlungu ngaphezu kweentsuku ezili-15 ngenyanga, kwaye uneempawu ze "Migraine", isenokuba lolu hlobo lwentloko ebuhlungu.

4. Iintloko ezibuhlungu ezibangelwa luxinzelelo okanye usulelo engqondweni (`Iintloko ezibuhlungu ezibangelwa kukutsalwa kunye nokudumba`)

Olu hlobo lwentloko ebuhlungu yinto ekufuneka uyilumkele.Kuba ezi zinto zinokubangelwa yimeko yempilo okanye ukwenzakala kwengqondo emntwaneni. Isenokuba yinto efana nomhlaza wengqondo okanye ukopha engqondweni. Kodwa khumbula, iintloko ezibuhlungu azixhaphakanga ngenxa yezizathu ezinzulu kangaka.

Zixhaphake kangakanani iintloko ezibuhlungu ebantwaneni? Ngaba yinto ekufuneka uyixhalabele?

Iintloko ezibuhlungu zixhaphake kakhulu ebantwaneni. Malunga nama-20% abantwana abaphakathi kweminyaka emi-5 neli-17 bathi bafumana iintloko ezibuhlungu. Iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zeentloko ezibuhlungu kweli qela leminyaka ziintloko ezibuhlungu ezixineneyo (malunga ne-15%) kunye ne-migraines (malunga ne-5%). Abazali abaninzi bayaxhalaba, "Ingaba intloko yomntwana wam ibangelwa sisimila sobuchopho?" Kodwa inyani yile, ngaphantsi kwe-3% yeentloko ezibuhlungu zibangelwa ziimeko zempilo ezinzulu. Iintloko ezibuhlungu ezininzi ebantwaneni zibangelwa luxinzelelo kunye nemiba yendlela yokuphila.

Ngabaphi abantwana abanokuba nengxaki enkulu yokuba neentloko ezibuhlungu?

Ukuba umntu osondeleyo kusapho lomntwana wakho (umama, utata, abantakwenu) uhlala ephathwa yintloko ebuhlungu, nomntwana wakho usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba yintloko ebuhlungu. Ngokufanayo, abantwana abaphantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu nabo banokuba yintloko ebuhlungu rhoqo.

Ngaba intloko ebuhlungu iyayichaphazela ingqondo yomntwana? Ngaba iya kubangela umonakalo engqondweni?

Lo ngumbuzo obuzwa ngabazali abaninzi. Hayi, iintloko eziqhelekileyo azibangeli monakalo engqondweni yomntwana. Azinazo iziphumo ezimbi ekusebenzeni kwengqondo yomntwana. Ngoko ke ungakhathazeki ngaloo nto.

Ingaba kukho umahluko phakathi kwentloko ebuhlungu ebantwaneni kunye nentloko ebuhlungu kubantu abadala?

Ewe, kukho utshintsho oluncinci oluncinci:

• Iintloko ezibuhlungu zabantwana azihlali ixesha elide njengezabantu abadala (zihlala iiyure ezimbini ukuya kwezingama-72).
• Abantwana baziva iintlungu entloko yonke, kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuba ziphele kwelinye icala lentloko njengabantu abadala.
• Abantwana banokuba neengxaki zesisu, isicaphucaphu, nokuhlanza kunye nentloko ebuhlungu.

Zithini iimpawu zentloko ebuhlungu ebantwaneni?

Iimpawu zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwentloko ebuhlungu umntwana anayo.

Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu

Iimpawu zoku ziqale ngequbuliso, kwaye akusekho xesha lininzi liseleyo.

• Intlungu ebukhali nehlabayo.
• Intlungu entloko, entanyeni, okanye ebusweni .

Intloko ebuhlungu ephindaphindayo okanye i-migraines

Olu hlobo lwentloko ebuhlungu lunokuhlala iyure enye okanye ezimbini, kwaye ludla ngokuvela kabini, kathathu, okanye kane ngenyanga.

• Intlungu ngaphambili entloko okanye kumacala omabini.
• Ukuphaphatheka kolusu (`Umbala okhanyayo`).
• Ukuphazamiseka kwesisu, isicaphucaphu, kunye nokuhlanza.
• Ukucaphuka, umsindo.
• Uvakalelo oluvela ngaphandle, ingxolo, kunye namavumba athile.
• Isiyezi .
• Ifiva.
• Umbono ofipheleyo .
• Ukuziva ulele kakhulu kunesiqhelo.

Iintloko ezingapheliyo ezingapheliyo okanye iintloko ezibuhlungu ezingapheliyo

Ezi ziintloko ezibuhlungu eziza yonke imihla, okanye rhoqo, okanye eziza zidlule ixesha elide. Nangona kunjalo, azibangeli zimpawu zemithambo-luvo. Ukuba uneentloko ezibuhlungu kangangeentsuku ezingaphezu kwe-15 ngenyanga, ukuba zinzima kangangokuba awukwazi ukuya esikolweni, okanye ukuba usebenzisa amayeza rhoqo, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ingcali yentloko.

• Intlungu ebuhlungu neyomeleleyo, ngokungathi ibhanti ibotshelelwe ebunzini.

Iintloko ezingapheliyo eziqhubekayo

Okwenzekayo koku kukuba ukuphindaphindeka kwentloko ebuhlungu kuyakhula kancinci kancinci kwaye ubunzima bentloko ebuhlungu buya kukhula kancinci kancinci.

• Ukuphindaphindeka kwentloko ebuhlungu kukhula kancinci kancinci.
• Ukunyuka kancinci kancinci kobunzima bentloko ebuhlungu.

Kubalulekile: Ukuba ezi `(Iintloko ezingapheliyo eziqhubekayo)` zihamba nezinye iimpawu ze-neurological (umzekelo, ukulahleka kokulinganisela xa uhamba, utshintsho lombono), isenokuba luphawu lwemeko enzima efana ne-`Hydrocephalus`, `Ukudumba kobuchopho`, okanye `Ithumba`. Ngoko ke, ukuba unale mpawu, bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Zithini izizathu zentloko ebuhlungu ebantwaneni?

Zininzi izinto ezibangela intloko ebuhlungu ebantwaneni. Ezinye zazo zezi:

• Izifo eziqhelekileyo, umzekelo, umkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, kunye nezinye izifo.
• Usulelo lweSinus.
• Umqala obuhkungu.
• Usulelo lwendlebe.
• Ukulimala entloko.
• Uxinzelelo.
• Ixhala.
• Uxinzelelo.
• Uxinzelelo lwengqondo.
• Ukuzilolonga kakhulu (umzekelo, kubadlali bezemidlalo).
• Izizathu ezingaqhelekanga kodwa ezinzulu:
• I-Meningitis (usulelo okanye ukudumba kweenwebu ezigubungela ingqondo kunye nomqolo).
• I-Encephalitis (ukudumba kwengqondo).
• Ukopha kwegazi (ukopha engqondweni).
• Ithumba lobuchopho (`Ithumba` - inqwaba yezicubu ezingaqhelekanga).

Ingaba intloko ebuhlungu luphawu lokuba umntwana unesifo seswekile?

Intloko ebuhlungu ayilulo uphawu oluqhelekileyo lwesifo seswekile. Nangona kunjalo, intloko ebuhlungu inokubakho ukuba inqanaba leswekile egazini lomntwana liphantsi (`iswekile ephantsi egazini`) . Iswekile ephantsi egazini inokuba luphawu lweswekile.

Oogqirha bafumanisa njani iintloko ezibuhlungu ebantwaneni?

Ukuze afumane unobangela wentloko ebuhlungu yomntwana wakho, ugqirha uza kumhlola umntwana wakho ngononophelo. Baza kukhangela izinto ezifana nezi:

• Ingaba unomkhuhlane?
• Ingaba uxinzelelo lwegazi luphezulu?
• Ingaba izihlunu zibuthathaka?
• Ngaba unengxaki yokulinganisela xa uhamba?
• Ngaba unengxaki yokubona?

Ugqirha uza kukubuza imibuzo wena nomntwana wakho. Kunganceda ukugcina idayari yentloko yomntwana wakho ngaphambi kokuba ubonane nogqirha. Ugqirha angakubuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Intloko ebuhlungu yaqala nini?
• Unexesha elingakanani unentloko ebuhlungu kangaka?
• Uza kangaphi?
• Ingaba kukho isizathu esithile sentloko ebuhlungu? (umz. ukutya okuthile, iimeko ezithile, umsebenzi womzimba, amayeza)
• Ngaba kukho omnye umntu kusapho onentloko ebuhlungu ngolu hlobo?
• Ngaba kukho ezinye iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga xa ungenantloko ibuhlungu? (umz., ubuthathaka, utshintsho ekuboneni, ukulahlekelwa zingqondo)
• Ngaba awukwazanga ukuya esikolweni ngenxa yentloko ebuhlungu? Ngaba ubangela ingxaki esikolweni?
• Intloko ebuhlungu iyichaphazele njani impilo yomntwana wakho yemihla ngemihla? Ingaba ebelele ixesha elide? Ingaba ebengakwazi ukudlala nabahlobo bakhe?
• Iphi intlungu?
• Injani intlungu? (umz., ukuxinana, ukurhawuzelela, ukuxinezeleka)
• Intlungu ibikho ixesha elingakanani?
• Yintoni onokuyenza ukunciphisa iintlungu?
• Intloko ebuhlungu ivela ngaliphi ixesha emini?
• Ingaba intloko ebuhlungu iqala ngequbuliso?
• Ngaba kukho naziphi na iimpawu ezilumkisayo (`Aura`) ngaphambi kokuba intloko ibe buhlungu? (umz., utshintsho lombono, ukubona izibane phambi kwamehlo, ukungaziva mnandi)
• Zeziphi ezinye iimpawu ezihamba nentloko ebuhlungu? (umz., ubuthathaka, isicaphucaphu, ukuva ukukhanya/isandi, ukungabi namdla wokutya, utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha)
• Zeziphi iindlela zonyango ozizamileyo ekhaya? (amayeza, iipakethe zomkhenkce, ukucima izibane)
• Ngaba ukhe wabona abanye oogqirha? Ngaba ukhe wabona ingcali yentloko?

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo ukuze kufunyanwe unobangela wentloko ebuhlungu?

Ngamanye amaxesha, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela iimvavanyo zemifanekiso ezifana nezi ukunceda ekufumaneni unobangela wentloko yakho:

• Iskeni seMRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging).
• `MRA (Magnetic Resonance Angiography)` - Oku kujonga imithambo yegazi engqondweni.
• Uvavanyo lwe-`CT scan (Computed Tomography)`.

Kodwa ayizizo zonke iintloko ezifuna ezi scan. Ugqirha uya kugqiba ukuba ziyafuneka na okanye azifuneki.

Indlela yokunyanga iintloko ezibuhlungu ebantwaneni nakubantu abancinci?

Xa kunyangwa iintloko ezibuhlungu ebantwaneni, oogqirha baqwalasela ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ubudala bomntwana.
• Uhlobo lwentloko ebuhlungu.
• Uhlala uphathwa yintloko ebuhlungu kangaphi?
• Unobangela wentloko ebuhlungu.

Kukho iintlobo ezine eziphambili zonyango. Ugqirha wakho angacebisa enye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi:

• Amayeza.
• Imfundo yentloko.
• Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila.
• Ulawulo loxinzelelo.

Amayeza

Ngokuxhomekeke kwisizathu kunye nohlobo lwentloko ebuhlungu, umntwana wakho unokufuna amayeza alandelayo:

• Ukuphelisa iimpawu: Ezi zinciphisa iimpawu ezifana nentloko ebuhlungu, isicaphucaphu, kunye nokuhlanza. Imizekelo: I-Ibuprofen (umz., i-Advil®, i-Motrin®), i-Naproxen (umz., i-Aleve®), i-Acetaminophen (umz., i-Tylenol®, i-Panadol®). Sebenzisa ezi kuphela njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuyalele.
• Unyango lokukhupha isisu: La mayeza kufuneka athathwe xa kuqala ukuba nentloko ebuhlungu. Anceda ekuthinteleni iimpawu zentloko ebuhlungu ezifana neentlungu, isicaphucaphu, kunye nokuziva ukhululekile ekukhanyeni. Ukongeza kwiindlela zokunciphisa iintlungu ezithengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha , amayeza abizwa ngokuba yi-triptans (umz., i-sumatriptan kunye ne-frovatriptan) nawo asetyenziselwa le njongo. La mayeza akwafumaneka kuphela ngomyalelo kagqirha.
• Unyango lokuthintela: La mayeza asetyenziselwa ukuthintela iintloko ezibuhlungu ezenzeka rhoqo, ezifana neentloko ezibuhlungu ezibangelwa kukuxinezeleka, iintloko ezibuhlungu, okanye zombini ezi zinto. Ukuthatha idosi yemihla ngemihla yale mayeza kunokunceda ukunciphisa ukuphindaphindeka kunye nobukhali beentloko ezibuhlungu. Amayeza afanelekileyo kumntwana wakho aya kuxhomekeka kwisizathu esiyintloko sentloko ebuhlungu kunye nezinye izinto. Umzekelo, amayeza anjengee-antidepressants (zokudandatheka), ii-antihistamines (zokungezwani komzimba), kunye nee-beta-blockers (zoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu) ngamanye amaxesha asetyenziselwa ukuthintela iintloko ezibuhlungu. La mayeza awasetyenziselwa kuphela imeko engaphantsi, kodwa kwanangenxa yokuba ngamanye amaxesha anokunceda kwiintloko ezibuhlungu.

Imfundo yentloko

Ugqirha uza kuxelela umntwana wakho ngezinto ezithile ('Izinto Ezibangela Iintlungu') ezinokwenza intloko ibe mandundu. Izinto 'Ezibangela Iintlungu' eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

• Ukungalali ngokwaneleyo.
• Ezinye izitya.
• Iziselo ezine-caffeine (iti, ikofu, isoda).
• Itshokolethi.
• Ukutya okuqulethe 'iiNitrates' (inyama elungisiweyo - iisoseji, iham, ibhekoni, ipepperoni, iihot dogs).
• Iitshizi ezinokugcinwa (ukutya okuqulethe i-'Tyramine', umz. ezinye iintlobo zetshizi kwipizza).
• Ukutya okuqulethe i-`MSG (Monosodium Glutamate)` (iarhente yokunambitha).

Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila

Intloko ebuhlungu inokubangelwa yimikhwa yokuphila. Ukuze unciphise ukwenzeka kwentloko ebuhlungu, khathalela ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Lala kakuhle ubuncinane iiyure ezisi-8 ubusuku ngabunye.
• Sela ubuncinane iiglasi zamanzi ezi-6-8 ngosuku.
• Yitya izidlo eziphambili ezithathu ezinesondlo ngosuku.
• Ukuzilolonga ngeCardio - Oku kuthetha ukwenza imithambo efanelekileyo entliziyweni (umz. ukuhamba, ukubaleka, ukukhwela ibhayisekile) ubuncinane imizuzu engama-45 kathathu ngeveki.
• Ukuphumla nokuphumla.

Ulawulo loxinzelelo

Iindlela zokuphumla zinokunceda ukunciphisa iintlungu kunye/okanye ukuphindaphindeka kweentloko ezibuhlungu. Izinto ezinje ngezi zinokunceda:

• Ukuzilolonga ngokuphefumla nzulu.
• Ukuseka ukuqaphela nokucamngca ('Ukuzikisa ingqondo' okanye 'Ukucamngca').
• Ukuphumla kwengqondo ngemifanekiso.
• Ukumamela umculo (`Unyango lomculo`).
• Ingcebiso.

Ngubani oza kunyanga intloko yomntwana wam? Ngaba kufuneka ndidibane nengcali?

Ugqirha wosapho lomntwana wakho angakuthumela kwezi ngcali, ukuba kuyimfuneko:

• Ingcali yentloko.
• Ingcali yamehlo (kwiingxaki zokubona).
• Ingcali yendlebe, impumlo nomqala (ingcali ye-ENT - yeengxaki zokulinganisela).
• Ingcali yezifo zesisu (kwiingxaki zesisu).
• Ingcali yezengqondo (okanye iNgcali yezengqondo - yoxinzelelo lwengqondo kunye neengxaki zeemvakalelo).

Iyintoni ikamva labantwana abaneentloko ezibuhlungu?

Intloko ebuhlungu inokuchaphazela umsebenzi wesikolo womntwana, umsebenzi wesikolo wasekhaya, kunye nobomi bemihla ngemihla. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphepha izinto ezibangela intloko ebuhlungu nokufumana unyango olufanelekileyo kunokuphucula kakhulu umgangatho wobomi bomntwana.

Umntwana angabuyiselwa nini esikolweni/kwindawo yokugcina abantwana?

Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nobunzima kunye nokuxhaphaka kwentloko yakho ebuhlungu. Banokucebisa ukuba uye esikolweni/kwindawo yokugcina abantwana. Kwakhona, xelela ootitshala kunye nabanakekeli bomntwana wakho ngale meko.

Ungayithintela njani intloko ebuhlungu ebantwaneni?

Unganciphisa umngcipheko wentloko ebuhlungu ngokuphepha izinto ezibangela oku kwaye uthathe amayeza okuthintela. Buza ugqirha wakho malunga namayeza afanelekileyo kumntwana wakho.

Ndingaziphepha njani izinto ezibangela ukuba umntwana wam abe neentloko ezibuhlungu (`Izinto ezibangela iintlungu`)?

Wonke umntwana wahlukile, kwaye kunjalo "neZixhobo" zakhe. Injongo enye kukufumanisa ukuba zeziphi "Iixhobo" ezibangela iintloko ezibuhlungu size siziphephe ukuze kuthintelwe iintloko ezibuhlungu. Kwakhona, "Iixhobo" eziqhelekileyo zezi:

• Ukungalali ngokwaneleyo.
• Ezinye izitya.
• Iziselo ezine-caffeine (iti, ikofu, isoda).

Ngaba iintloko ezibuhlungu ziyaphela njengoko abantwana bekhula?

Intloko ebuhlungu isenokuphela njengoko umntwana wakho ekhula, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ingabuya kamva.

Ndifanele ndimse nini umntwana wam kugqirha?

• Ukuba umntwana wakho uneentloko ezibuhlungu rhoqo kunaxa ephathwa ziintloko ngamanye amaxesha.
• Ukuba intloko yomntwana ibuhlungu kakhulu.
• Ukuba intloko yomntwana wakho iqala ngequbuliso.

Ndifanele ndimse nini umntwana wam kwigumbi likaxakeka?

Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu kunye nentloko yakho ebuhlungu, ungathandabuzi ukuya kwigumbi likaxakeka ngokukhawuleza:

* Ukulahlekelwa zingqondo.

* Urhudo okanye ukuhlanza okungenakuyekiswa.

* Ukulahlekelwa okanye ukungaboni kakuhle.

* Ukudideka, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo.

* Ifiva.

* Isiyezi.

* Ukuba ndindisholo.

* Ubunzima bokuphefumla.

* Ukuqina kwentamo (ukungakwazi ukugoba intamo).

* Naluphi na utshintsho kwiindlebe, emqaleni, emehlweni, okanye empumlweni.

Yeyiphi imibuzo endifanele ndiyibuze ugqirha malunga nentloko ebuhlungu yomntwana wam?

Xa ubona ugqirha, ungabuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Luhlobo luni lwentloko ebuhlungu umntwana wam anayo?
• Yeyiphi eyona ndlela ilungileyo yonyango?
• Yintoni endifanele ndiyibhale kwidayari yam yentloko ebuhlungu?
• Yeyiphi indlela engcono yokunciphisa uxinzelelo lomntwana wam?
• Loluphi unyango olunokwenziwa ekhaya?
• Ngowuphi uchwephesha endifanele ndimjonge umntwana wam?
• Yeyiphi eyona yeza ifanelekileyo?
• Ndimele ndimxelele ntoni utitshala womntwana wam ngemeko yakhe?
• Yeyiphi indlela engcono endinokunceda ngayo umntwana wam?

Okokugqibela, khumbula oku (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Khumbula, akuqhelekanga ukuba umntwana abe neentloko ezibuhlungu. Nangona zisenokuba zixhaphakile, ziphazamise, okanye zibuhlungu kakhulu, iintloko ezibuhlungu azibangeli monakalo osisigxina engqondweni. Akunakwenzeka ukuba zibe luphawu lomhlaza wobuchopho. Ukuba umntwana wakho uphethwe ziintloko ezibuhlungu, bona ugqirha ngoko nangoko. Kwakhona, hlala ujonge amayeza omntwana wakho kunye notshintsho kwindlela yakhe yokuphila. Uncedo lwakho lubalulekile ekufumaneni unyango olungcono kumntwana wakho.

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Intloko ebuhlungu, Iintloko ezibuhlungu ebantwaneni, iintloko ezibuhlungu, iintloko ezibuhlungu zoxinzelelo, unobangela weentloko ezibuhlungu, unyango lwentloko ebuhlungu, izifo zabantwana