Ngaba ugqirha wakho ukhe wathetha nawe 'ngokufakelwa intliziyo' ngenxa yengxaki yentliziyo? Okanye ukhe weva ngayo kodwa awazi kakuhle? Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive usoyika kwaye unomdla kuyo kuba lutyando olunzima kakhulu nolunzima. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngokuba luyintoni ukufakelwa intliziyo kunye nendlela yokujongana nayo, ngokulula nangokucacileyo.
Kalula nje, yintoni ukufakelwa intliziyo?
Ngamafutshane, ukufakelwa intliziyo kukususwa kwentliziyo yakho enesifo, engasebenzi kakuhle, uze ufake intliziyo ephilileyo kumnikeli. Olu asilotyando luqhelekileyo. Luyindlela yokugqibela yomntu onesifo sentliziyo esingapheliyo ongenakunyangwa nangaliphi na elinye iyeza okanye unyango . Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni kukho inani elincinci leentliziyo ezinikeli, kufuneka uhlangabezane nemigangatho ethile engqongqo ukuze ufanelekele olu tyando.
Ngubani ofuna ukufakelwa intliziyo?
Olu nyango luyimfuneko kubantu abanentliziyo eyonakeleyo ngokusisigxina kwaye ababuthathaka kakhulu ukuba bangakwazi ukupompa igazi elaneleyo ukwanelisa iimfuno zomzimba. Kukho iimeko ezininzi eziphambili ezinokubangela oku.
| Imeko yezonyango | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| I-Cardiomyopathy | Nasiphi na isifo esonakalisa izihlunu zentliziyo. Oku kunokubangelwa zizinto ezifana nosulelo, imfuza, njl. Ngamanye amaxesha imbangela ayaziwa. |
| Isifo seMitha yeCoronary | Ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi entliziyweni. Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo okubangelwa koku kunokubangela umonakalo ongenakuphikiswa entliziyweni. |
| Isifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso | Iziphene zesakhiwo sentliziyo ezibakho ekuzalweni. Ezinye zezi ziphene zinokubangela ukuba intliziyo iyeke ukusebenza kwaye ifune ukufakelwa isibeleko. |
| Isifo sentliziyo seValvular | Izifo ezibangelwa kukonakala kweevalvu entliziyweni. |
Kutheni olu tyando lungaqhelekanga kangaka?
Ukufakelwa intliziyo kunqabile kakhulu. Zimbini izizathu eziphambili zoku:
- Ukunqongophala kwabanikeli: Kufuneka kubekho umntu onokunikela ngentliziyo ephilileyo. Kwakhona, umnikeli kunye nommkeli kufuneka babe nohlobo lwegazi oluhambelanayo kwaye babe nobukhulu obufanayo. Ukuba olu "fanayo" alugqibelelanga, umzimba unokuba sengozini yokungayamkeli intliziyo entsha.
- Ubunzima botyando: Olu lutyando olunzima kakhulu. Zimbalwa izibhedlele ezinezibonelelo ezikhethekileyo kunye nolwazi olunokwenza olu tyando.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngaphambi kotyando? (Inkqubo)
Oku akuyonto eyenzeka ngaxeshanye. Le yinkqubo ende.
1. Ukuthunyelwa ngugqirha wakho: Okokuqala, ugqirha wakho onyangayo kufuneka akuthumele esibhedlele esinenkqubo yokufakelwa intliziyo.
2. Uvavanyo: Okulandelayo, uza kuhlolwa kakuhle ukuze kubonwe ukuba ufanelekile kangakanani kolu tyando. Oku kungenxa yokuba kufuneka usebenzise ngokupheleleyo ubungakanani bentliziyo obulinganiselweyo. Olu vavanyo luquka izinto ezininzi:
- Uvavanyo lwezonyango: Uvavanyo lwegazi, umchamo, ukusebenza kwezintso, usulelo olwahlukeneyo (i-HIV, i-Hepatitis, i-Tuberculosis). Kwakhona, kwenziwa uvavanyo oluninzi olufana ne-X-ray, i-CT scans, i-MRI, i-Echocardiogram, i-ECG. Kubalulekile ukuyeka ngokupheleleyo utywala, ukutshaya (kubandakanya ukuvasa), kunye nezinye iziyobisi.
- Uvavanyo lwengqondo nolwemithambo-luvo: Olu tyando luza kuba lutshintsho olukhulu ebomini bakho. Amandla akho okumelana nalo ngengqondo kunye nenkxaso oyifumanayo kusapho lwakho nawo aza kuvavanywa.
- Ukuhlolwa kwamazinyo: Musa ukumangaliswa, impilo yamazinyo inefuthe elikhulu entliziyweni. Iintsholongwane ezikwizinyo zinokuhamba ngegazi ziye entliziyweni zize zenze umonakalo.
3. Uluhlu Lokulinda: Ukuba uphumelele zonke ezi mvavanyo, uza kufakwa kuluhlu lokulinda. Indawo yakho kolu luhlu iya kuxhomekeka kubukhali bemeko yakho.
4. Unyango lweBridge: Eli ligama elinikwa unyango olunikwa ukulawula imeko yakho de kubekho intliziyo. Oku kungalawulwa ngamayeza, okanye umatshini osebenza ukunceda intliziyo (njenge-"Left Ventricular Assist Device - LVAD") ungaxhunyaniswa nomzimba okwethutyana.
Indlela oluqhutywa ngayo utyando
Wakuba uxelelwe ukuba kufunyenwe intliziyo efanayo, uya kuba ulungele utyando. Le yinkqubo enzima enokuthabatha iiyure ezininzi.
- Okokuqala, uza kufakwa phantsi kwe-anesthesia eqhelekileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba uza kufakwa ebuthongweni obunzulu apho ungayi kuva nto.
- Okulandelayo, uza kuqhagamshelwa kumatshini obizwa ngokuba yi-"ventilator" ukuze uhlale uphefumla.
- Ngexesha lotyando, uza kuqhagamshelwa kumatshini okhethekileyo obizwa ngokuba yi-cardiopulmonary bypass machine ukuze wenze umsebenzi wentliziyo yakho nemiphunga. Lo matshini nguwo ogcina igazi lakho lijikeleza emzimbeni wakho wonke.
- Emva koko, oogqirha basusa intliziyo yakho enesifo ngononophelo.
- Ekugqibeleni, intliziyo ephilileyo enikelweyo iyathathwa, iqhagamshelwe kwimithambo yegazi ephambili, ize ibuyiselwe ekusebenzeni.
Kwenzeka ntoni emva kotyando?
Emva kotyando, kuya kufuneka uhlale esibhedlele malunga neveki enye ukuya kwezintathu. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala, uya kuba kwiYunithi yoKhathalelo oluNzulu (ICU), apho uya kube ujongiwe iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho emva kokuba ubuyele ekhaya. Qiniseka ukuba uyazi indlela yokusela amayeza akho, ukutya, ukuzilolonga, kunye nokuqonda izinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko.
Usenokucelwa ukuba ujoyine inkqubo yokuvuselela intliziyo, eya kukunceda uphucule kancinci kancinci amandla akho kunye nokusebenza kwentliziyo.
Ukucinezelwa Kwamajoni Omzimba
Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo emva kotyando. Cinga ngomzimba wakho njengelizwe. Inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ngumkhosi welo lizwe. Nantoni na evela ngaphandle (iintsholongwane, iibhaktheriya) ibonwa ngumkhosi njengotshaba kwaye ihlaselwa. Ekubeni intliziyo entsha nayo 'ingaqhelekanga' emzimbeni, lo mkhosi uzama ukuyihlasela. Oku kubizwa ngokuba "kukugatywa kwamalungu omzimba" .
Ukuthintela oku, kuya kufuneka uthathe amayeza okunciphisa amajoni omzimba ubomi bakho bonke. La mayeza asebenza ngokunciphisa amandla aloo mkhosi kwaye athintele intliziyo entsha ukuba ingabetheki.
Zithini iingozi zolu tyando?
Njengakwezinye iintlobo zotyando olukhulu, kukho iingozi. Ezona ziphambili zezi:
- Ukwaliwa kwamalungu omzimba kwentliziyo entsha.
- Umngcipheko ophezulu wokosuleleka ngenxa yamayeza athintela amajoni omzimba.
- Iingxaki zemithambo yegazi entliziyweni etyaliweyo (iCardiac allograft vasculopathy - CAV)
- Isifo sezintso.
- Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu).
- Ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga (iiArrhythmias).
- Umngcipheko womhlaza ngokuhamba kwexesha (ngenxa yamayeza okunciphisa umzimba).
Ugqirha wakho uza kuxoxa nawe ngezi ngozi ngokweenkcukacha.
Iimpawu ezifuna i-ETU ekhawulezileyo (iYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo)
Ukuba ubona into efana nale xa usekhaya, yiya kwiSebe leeNgxamiseko (ETU) elikufutshane okanye utsalele umnxeba ku-1990 ngoko nangoko .
- Ifiva.
- Ubomvu okanye ulwelo oluphuma kwinxeba lotyando.
- Ububomvu okanye ubushushu obujikeleze inxeba.
- Ukuziva ngathi ithambo lakho lesifuba (sternum) liyashukuma, lenza isandi "sokunqakraza" xa ushukuma.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukufakelwa intliziyo yindlela yokugqibela yokunceda isifo sentliziyo esinzima esingenakunyangwa ngolunye unyango.
- Le yinkqubo ende neyinkimbinkimbi. Zininzi izinto ekufuneka zijongwane nazo ngaphambi nasemva kotyando.
- Emva kotyando, kuya kufuneka uthathe amayeza okunciphisa umzimba ubomi bakho bonke ukuze umzimba wakho ungalamkeli intliziyo entsha.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo yezonyango ngokuchanekileyo, ukuya kwiikliniki ngexesha, nokugcina indlela yokuphila esempilweni.
- Olu tyando lithuba lokusindisa ubomi. Ngokuphucuka kwezonyango zanamhlanje, kunokwenzeka ukuba umntu aphile ubomi obusempilweni kangangeminyaka, kwanamashumi eminyaka, emva kokufakelwa isitho.
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