Sonke sivile ngokungabikho kwesinyithi, oko kuthetha ukuba kukho i-anemia, akunjalo? Sihlala sisiva iingcebiso zokutya ispinatshi, ukutya ispinatshi, kunye nokusela iipilisi zesinyithi. Kodwa ngaba wakha wacinga ngento eyenzekayo ukuba kukho isinyithi esininzi emzimbeni? Ewe, oko kunokuba yingxaki enkulu. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokwezonyango ngokuba yiHemochromatosis, okanye nje i-Iron Overload. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha, ngokulula.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni iHemochromatosis?
Cinga ngomzimba wakho njengendawo yokugcina izinto. Sifunxa izondlo esizidingayo ekutyeni esikutyayo nesikuselayo. I-iron yenye yezondlo ezibalulekileyo. I-iron ibaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni iiseli ezibomvu zegazi egazini lethu nasekunikeni imizimba yethu amandla. Kodwa njengayo yonke enye into, i-iron eninzi kakhulu inokuba yingxaki ukuba ithathwa ngokugqithisileyo.
Ingxaki yeHemochromatosis. Kule meko, umzimba wakho ufunxa i-iron engaphezulu kakhulu kunaleyo uyidingayo ekutyeni. Ingxaki kukuba, umzimba wethu awunandlela yokususa le iron ingaphezulu. Ngoko ke umzimba wenza ntoni? Le iron ingaphezulu iqala ukuqokelelana kwizitho ezibalulekileyo ezifana nesibindi, intliziyo, kunye nepancreas. Kufana nokugcina izinto esingazisebenzisiyo kwigumbi lokugcina impahla. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, le iron iqokelelweyo iqala ukonakalisa ezo zitho kwaye yonakalise ukusebenza kwazo. Ukuba ayinyangwa, inokuba yingozi ebomini. Kodwa iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba ukuba ifunyenwe kwangethuba, sisifo esinokulawuleka phantse ngokupheleleyo.
Zithini iimpawu? Zivela nini ezi mpawu?
Enye yeempawu ezikhethekileyo zesi sifo kukuba kuthatha ixesha elide ukuba iimpawu zibonakale. Nangona le meko idla ngokuzalwa, iimpawu zivela kuphela xa isinyithi siqokelelana emzimbeni size siqale ukonakalisa amalungu omzimba. Oku kungathatha iminyaka. Uninzi lwabantu alubonakalisi zimpawu de babe neminyaka engama-40-50 ubudala. Abanye abantu banohlobo oluncinci kakhulu lwesi sifo kwaye basenokungabonakalisi zimpawu ubomi babo bonke.
Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi iimpawu eziphambili.
| Uphawu | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Ukudinwa rhoqo | Ukuhlala udiniwe ngaphandle kwesizathu. Nokuba ulele kakuhle, usaziva udiniwe. |
| Intlungu yamalungu | Intlungu, ingakumbi kwiingqukuva zeminwe, umnwe wokukhomba, kunye nomnwe ophakathi. Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba "yintsimbi yesandla." |
| Ulusu luba mnyama | Ulusu luba nombala ongwevu okanye obhedu. |
| Intliziyo iyashukuma | Ukuziva ngathi intliziyo yakho ibetha ngokukhawuleza, njengokubhabha esifubeni sakho (arrhythmias). |
| Ukuncipha komnqweno wesondo | Abafazi namadoda banokuziva benomnqweno wesondo ophantsi. Amadoda nawo anokuba nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-erectile. |
| Intlungu yesisu esingaphezulu | Kusenokubakho iintlungu phantsi kweembambo kwicala lasekunene, apho isibindi sikhoyo. |
| Ukunciphisa umzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu | Ukuba unciphisa umzimba ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukutya okanye ukwenza umthambo, kufuneka uxhalabe. |
Kutheni oku kusenzeka? Zithini izizathu?
Kukho iindidi ezimbini eziphambili zezizathu zoku.
1. Unobangela oyintloko: I-Hemochromatosis yelifa
Uninzi lwabantu luba nesi sifo ngenxa yesiphene semfuza, oko kukuthi, utshintsho oluncinci kwiimfuza ezizuzwe njengelifa kubazali bobabini.
Cinga nje ngale ndlela. Kukho ijini ekhethekileyo elawula ukufunxwa kwesinyithi emzimbeni wethu. Siyibiza ngokuba yi-`(ijini ye-HFE)`. Wonke umntwana ufumana ikopi enye yale jini kunina kunye nekopi enye kuyise. Ukuze kubekho i-hemochromatosis, kufuneka kubekho isiphene kwikopi yejini kunina nakwikopi yejini kuyise.
Khawuthelekelele ufumana incwadi enye kumama wakho nenye kutata wakho. Ukuze esi sifo sikhule, zombini ezi ncwadi kufuneka zibe nempazamo encinci kwiphepha elilawula isinyithi. Ukuba yincwadi enye kuphela enempazamo, ungumthwali wesifo kuphela. Awuyi kukhula ube nesifo.
Ngoko ke, nokuba bobabini abazali bathwala esi sigulo sejini esinesiphene, basenokungabi nazimpawu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umntwana ozelwe kubo ufumana zombini iikopi zesi sigulo sejini esinesiphene, umntwana usenokuba nesifo. Iindidi ezimbini eziphambili zeziphene ezibonakala kwi-`(HFE gene)` zezi `(C282Y)` kunye ne`(H63D)`.
Ukongeza, kukho uhlobo olungaqhelekanga olubizwa ngokuba yi-"Juvenile Hemochromatosis" oluvela ebuntwaneni, oko kukuthi, phakathi kweminyaka eli-15-30. Lubangelwa kukuguquka kwezinye iijini `(HJV, HAMP)``.
2. Ibangelwa zezinye iimeko zonyango (i-Secondary Hemochromatosis)
Ngamanye amaxesha, ukugcwala kwesinyithi kunokubangelwa yenye imeko yezonyango okanye unyango. Oku akuyonto yemfuza.
- Utofelo-gazi rhoqo: Abantu abaneengxaki ezithile zegazi (ezifana ne-anemia efana ne-thalassemia) badla ngokufuna utofelo-gazi. Xa igazi linikwa ngale ndlela ixesha elide, i-iron ekwelo gazi inokuqokelelana emzimbeni, nto leyo ebangela le meko.
- Isifo sesibindi esibi kakhulu: Isibindi sisitho esiphambili esilawula imetabolism yesinyithi emzimbeni wethu. Ukuba isibindi sonakele kakhulu (umz. isifo sesibindi), sisenokungakwazi ukuphatha isinyithi ngokufanelekileyo kwaye sinokuqokelelana emzimbeni.
- Ukusela utywala ngokugqithisileyo: Utywala abulonakalisi nje kuphela isibindi, kodwa bukwanyusa ukufunxwa kwesinyithi emzimbeni.
Yeyiphi ingozi enokuyenza emzimbeni ngenxa yesinyithi esigqithisileyo?
Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, i-iron eninzi ifana netyhefu emzimbeni. Le i-iron iqokelelana kancinci kancinci kwizitho zomzimba ize iqale ukuzonakalisa. Oku kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinkulu.
| Amalungu aphambili achaphazelekileyo | Iingxaki ezinokubakho ezinzulu |
|---|---|
| Isibindi | Ukwanda kwesibindi, isibindi esinamafutha, i-cirrhosis (ukuncipha kwesibindi) kunye nomngcipheko ophezulu womhlaza wesibindi. |
| Intliziyo | Ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo okubangelwa kukungaqini kakuhle, i-arrhythmias. |
| I-Pancreas | Ukonakala kwepancreas kunokukhokelela ekuvelisweni kwe-insulin kunye nesifo seswekile. Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-"Diabetes Type 3c". |
| Amalunga | Iimeko ze-arthritis, iintlungu kunye nokudumba kwamalungu. |
| Ezinye ii-gland | Ukonakala kwamadlala avelisa iihomoni, njenge-pituitary gland kunye ne-thyroid gland, kunokubangela ukungalingani kwamahomoni. |
Uyifumana njani le nto, Gqirha?
Ukuba unezinye zeempawu ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla okanye ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onayo le meko, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha. Ugqirha uza kuqala akubuze imibuzo embalwa aze akuhlole.
- Buza ukuba abazali bakho okanye nabani na kusapho lwakho unesifo sesibindi okanye une-iron egqithisileyo.
- Bayakubuza ukuba uthatha iipilisi zesinyithi okanye izongezo zevithamini C (ivithamini C inyusa ukufunxwa kwesinyithi).
- Babuza malunga nobungakanani botywala obuselayo.
Emva koko, kwenziwa iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuqinisekisa isifo.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi: Olu lolona vavanyo lusisiseko. Igazi lakho liza kuvavanywa amanqanaba esinyithi (iSerum Iron), iproteni egcina isinyithi (iSerum Ferritin), kunye nokuba iproteni ethwala isinyithi igcwele kangakanani (iTransferrin Saturation). Ukuba la manqanaba aphezulu, i-hemochromatosis inokurhanelwa.
- Uvavanyo lwemfuza: Isampuli yegazi ingathathwa ukujonga iziphene kwimfuza ye-HFE. Oku kunokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba unayo na ifom oyizuzileyo.
- I-MRI scan: Oku kunokulinganisa ngaphandle kobuhlungu inani le-iron efakwe kwisibindi nentliziyo.
- Uvavanyo lwesibindi: Kwezinye iimeko, ukuze kuchongwe ubungakanani bomonakalo wesibindi, kuthathwa iqhekeza elincinci lesicwili esibindini kusetyenziswa inaliti encinci lize lihlolwe phantsi kwe-microscope.
Luluphi unyango? Ngaba olu nyango lunganyangeka?
Ewe, kukho unyango olusebenzayo koku. Injongo ephambili yonyango kukunciphisa ubungakanani bentsimbi egqithisileyo emzimbeni, ukuyigcina ikwinqanaba eliqhelekileyo, kunye nokuthintela umonakalo ongakumbi kwizitho zomzimba.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba okukhona esi sifo sifunyanwa ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona unyango luphumelela ngakumbi. Ukuba unyango luqalwe kwangethuba, omnye umonakalo kwizitho zomzimba unokuguqulwa.
Kukho iindlela ezininzi eziphambili zonyango.
| Indlela yonyango | Kwenzeka ntoni kuyo? |
|---|---|
| I-Phlebotomy yoNyango | Olu lolona nyango luphambili nolusebenzayo. Ngamafutshane, kufana nokunikela ngegazi. Inani elincinci legazi (ngesiqhelo i-450-500 ml) lisuswa emzimbeni wakho kusetyenziswa inaliti. Uninzi lwesinyithi emzimbeni wethu lukwiiseli zethu ezibomvu zegazi. Ngoko ke xa igazi lisuswa, isinyithi naso siyasuswa kunye naso. Ekuqaleni, kunokufuneka senziwe malunga kanye ngeveki. Nje ukuba amanqanaba akho esinyithi alawuleke, kunokufuneka senziwe kanye kuphela kwiinyanga ezimbalwa. |
| Unyango lwe-Iron Chelation | Abanye abantu (umzekelo, abo banesifo sentliziyo okanye i-anemia) abanako ukunikwa igazi. Olu nyango lunikwa abantu abanjalo. Oku kuquka ukunika amayeza anamathela kwi-iron aze asuse i-iron emzimbeni kumchamo nakwindle. Eli yeza lingasetyenziswa njengepilisi okanye linikwe njengenaliti. |
| Ukutshintsha imikhwa yokutya | Kunye nonyango, kufuneka ukhathalele ukutya kwakho.
|
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Hemochromatosis yimeko apho i-iron eninzi iqokelelana emzimbeni. Oku kudla ngokuzuzwa njengelifa.
- Musa ukuzityeshela iimpawu ezifana nokudinwa okungapheliyo, iintlungu zamalungu, kunye nokutshintsha kombala wolusu, ingakumbi ukuba ungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-40.
- Esi sifo sinokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwizitho ezibalulekileyo ezifana nesibindi, intliziyo kunye nepancreas.
- Kodwa ukuba ifunyenwe kwangethuba kwaye inyangwa ngokufanelekileyo, ingalawulwa kakuhle kwaye ungaphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo nobunempilo.
- Ukuba unamathandabuzo malunga noku, okanye ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onesi sifo, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho.
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