Masifunde ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ukopha kwegazi, nokuba kungaphakathi okanye ngaphandle.

Ngaba wakha waphawula ukuba nenxeba elincinci aliyeki ukopha? Okanye wakha waziva ngathi ufuna ukopha kwindawo ethile emzimbeni wakho, okanye wakha wahlangabezana neempawu ezifanayo? Enyanisweni, oku kukopha, oko kukuthi, imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(Hemorrhage)`, ngamanye amaxesha inokuba yingozi ngakumbi kunokuba ucinga. Ngoko ke, masithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha namhlanje, ngesiSinhala onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni ukopha okanye "ukuvuza igazi"?

Ngamafutshane, umthambo wegazi (umthambo wegazi) emzimbeni wethu wonakele kwaye igazi liphuma kuwo, nto leyo esiyibiza ngokuba yi-`(Hemorrhage)`. Oku kuphuma kwegazi kuyenzeka nangaphakathi emzimbeni, apho ke sikubiza ngokuba yi-`internal hemorrhage``. Kwelinye icala, ukuba igazi libonakala ngaphandle, nokuba livela enxebeni okanye emngxunyeni emzimbeni, liyi-`external hemorrhage``. Oku kuphuma kwegazi kunokuba kuncinci okanye kube kukhulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba kuchaphazele ubomi.

Ixesha elininzi, ezi meko zibizwa ngokuba yi-"Hemorrhage" sizijonga njengeengxamiseko zonyango ezifuna unyango olukhawulezileyo .

Ziziphi iintlobo zokopha?

Ekubeni kukho imithambo yegazi emizimbeni yethu yonke, olu `(Ukopha kwegazi)` lunokwenzeka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Nazi ezinye zemizekelo:

• Igazi esifubeni (`Hemothorax`): Khawuthelekelele ukuba indawo ephakathi kwemiphunga yakho kunye ne-rib cage (`pleural space`) esifubeni sakho izele ligazi. Kwenzeka ntoni emva koko? Imiphunga yakho iyacinezelwa , nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuphefumla, kwaye unokuba neentlungu esifubeni. Le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi`(Hemothorax)`.
• Ukopha kwegazi ngaphakathi kwentloko (okanye ukopha ebuchosheni): Le yimeko enobungozi kancinci. Ibangelwa kukopha okungalawulekiyo ngaphakathi kwengqondo yakho okanye phakathi kwee-membranes ezithambileyo ezijikeleze yona. Ukuba ukopha kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwengqondo, kubizwa ngokuba yi-hemorrhagic stroke. Olu hlobo lwe-stroke lubi kakhulu kwaye lunokubeka ubomi esichengeni ngokukhawuleza. Olunye uhlobo lwe-stroke, i-ischemic stroke, kuxa ukuhanjiswa kwegazi ebuchosheni kuvaliwe, kodwa oku kwahlukile. Ukopha kwenzeka apha.
• Ukopha kwegazi emva kokubeletha (PPH): Le yingxaki ebaluleke kakhulu koomama. Ukopha kwegazi emva kokubeletha, okanye iPPH ngamafutshane, kukopha igazi elininzi kwilungu lobufazi emva kokubeleka. Le yimeko enzima kakhulu enokuba yingozi ebomini. Le meko ingenzeka kwiiyure ezimbalwa emva kokubeleka okanye ukuya kuthi ga kwiiveki ezili-12 emva kokubeleka.
• Ukopha kwegazi kwi-Subarachnoid (SAH): Ukopha igazi phakathi kwe-meninges yengqondo kunye nee-membrane ezikhuselayo ezijikeleze yona kubizwa ngokuba yi-subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Le ikwayingxamiseko yezonyango.
• Amachaphaza egazi kumhlophe weliso (`I-Subconjunctival hemorrhage`):Mhlawumbi ukhe wababona abanye abantu benechaphaza elibomvu legazi kumhlophe wamehlo abo. Oko kubizwa ngokuba yi-"Subconjunctival hemorrhage." Oku kuxa igazi liqokelelana kwi-membrane encinci ejikeleze iliso ebizwa ngokuba yi-"conjunctiva." Oku kudla ngokuba kungabi nzulu njengezinye iintlobo ze-hemorrhage.

Iimbombo , ezikukuqokelelana kwegazi phantsi kolusu esizifumanayo sonke, ngokwenene ngumzekelo omncinci "wokopha igazi." Elinye igama elinxulumene nalo ngu "hematoma." Libhekisa ekuqokeleleni kwegazi ngaphakathi kwizicubu.

Zithini iimpawu zokopha?

Iimvakalelo onazo xa uphuma igazi zinokwahluka, kuxhomekeke ekubeni ukopha kukuphi na kwaye kubi kangakanani.

Ngokutsho koogqirha, akukho zimpawu zibalulekileyo ezidla ngokubonakala de kube malunga ne-15% yomthamo wegazi lomzimba ulahlekile (i-Class I hemorrhage).

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umzimba wakho ulahlekelwa yi-15% ukuya kwi-30% yomthamo wegazi lawo (i-Class II hemorrhage) , ezi mpawu ziqala ukubonakala:

• Ukuba nesiyezi okanye ukuba nentloko ebuthathaka (oku kubangelwa kukwehla koxinzelelo lwegazi).
• Ukudinwa kunye nokudinwa.
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla (ukuphelelwa ngamandla) kunye nesantya sokuphefumla esinyukayo.
• Ukunyuka kwesantya sentliziyo (i-tachycardia).

Ukuba wena okanye umntu osondeleyo kuwe unezi mpawu, kufuneka utsalele umnxeba ku-1990 ngoko nangoko okanye uye kwicandelo likaxakeka lesibhedlele esikufutshane.

Ukuba ulahlekelwa ngaphezu kwe-30% yegazi lakho lilonke, imeko inokuba mandundu ngakumbi. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, oku kulandelayo kunokwenzeka:

• Ukudideka.
• Ukuxhuzula.
• Ukulahlekelwa yingqondo.
• Ukothuka okubangelwa kukwehla okukhulu koxinzelelo lwegazi (hypovolemic shock).

Iimpawu ezithile zokopha ngaphakathi

Ukopha ngaphakathi kwiindawo ezithile zomzimba kunokubangela iimpawu ezithile:

• Intloko ebuhlungu: Intloko ebuhlungu ngequbuliso, ebuhlungu kakhulu , utshintsho lombono, ukudideka, kunye nokuziva ngathi kukho into ebuhlungu kwelinye icala lomzimba.
• Isifuba: Ubunzima bokuphefumla , iintlungu zesifuba, kunye nokukhohlela igazi.
• Isisu (isisu): Ukudumba okanye ukuziva ugcwele esiswini, ukudumba kwesisu, ukuhlanza igazi, igazi kumchamo okanye kwindle.
• Amathambo, amalungu, kunye nemisipha: Ukudumba, ukudumba, kunye nentlungu. Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule kukuba nakuphi na ukuqokelelwa kwegazi kwindawo evalekileyo (umz., phakathi kwemisipha yengalo okanye yomlenze) kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu kwizicubu yimeko engxamisekileyo yezonyango.Oku kunokubangela umonakalo kwimithambo-luvo nakwimithambo yegazi, nto leyo ekhokelela ekulahlekelweni ngumsebenzi osisigxina kuloo ndawo.

Ukuba uneempawu ezinje, njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Ungazi njani ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba uyopha?

Enyanisweni, ngamanye amaxesha kunzima kuthi ukuqonda ukuba kuyingozi kangakanani ukopha. Umzekelo, ukopha ngeempumlo. Uninzi lwexesha, kuqhelekile kwaye akuyonto inkulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukopha kuvela kumthambo omkhulu wegazi okanye kumthambo wegazi, kunokuba nzima kwaye kunzima ukukuyeka. Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, ukopha kwilungu lobufazi emva kokubeleka nako kuqhelekile. Kuqhelekile kwaye kulindeleke. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kugqithisile, kunokuba yimeko eyingozi ebizwa ngokuba kukopha emva kokuzalwa.

Eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukunika ingqalelo emzimbeni wakho kunye neempawu zakho. Kwakhona, ukuba unenkxalabo malunga nobungakanani bokopha, qiniseka ukuba ufuna ingcebiso kagqirha. Qaphela iimpawu zokopha kakhulu (ezifana nesiyezi, ukudinwa, kunye nokuphelelwa ngumphefumlo). Ukuba unenkxalabo encinci malunga nokopha, ungathandabuzi ukufuna uncedo lwezonyango.

Kutheni kukho ukopha okunje? Zithini izizathu?

Olu hlobo lokopha lwenzeka xa imithambo yegazi enye okanye ngaphezulu yonakele. Ubunzima bokopha budla ngokuxhomekeka ekubeni ikuphi emzimbeni kwaye bukhulu kangakanani umthambo wegazi owonakeleyo.

Zininzi izizathu kunye neemeko ezinokubangela okanye zonyuse umngcipheko wokopha. Nazi imizekelo embalwa:

• Ingxaki yokusebenzisa utywala: Le yeyona nto ibangela umngcipheko omkhulu, ingakumbi ukopha kwegazi okungaphantsi kwe-subarachnoid.
• Iingxaki zokuqunjelwa kwegazi: Umzekelo, iimeko ezifana ne-antiphospholipid syndrome.
• Iingxaki zegazi: Izifo ezizalwa nazo ezifana ne-hemophilia kunye nesifo sikaVon Willebrand.
• Umhlaza.
• Amayeza athile: Imizekelo ibandakanya izinto zokunciphisa igazi ezifana ne-`warfarin (Coumadin®), `aspirin` (kuquka ne-aspirin yosana), `clopidogrel (Plavix®)` kunye ne-`apixaban (Eliquis®).
• Ezinye izifo zemithambo yegazi: iimeko ezifana ne-telangiectasia yemfuza kunye ne-aneurysms (apho imithambo yegazi iba buthathaka kwaye idumbe njengeebhaluni).
• Iingxaki zonyango: Iingxaki ezinokwenzeka emva kwezinto ezinje ngotyando.
• Ukonakala kwesitho sangaphakathi: Umzekelo, ukusebenzisa ixesha elide amayeza okudambisa iintlungu afana ne-ibuprofen (Advil®) kunokubangela ukuba isilonda emathunjini sikhule size siphume igazi.
• Ukwenzakala: Ukusikeka, ukwaphuka okukhulu, ukwenzakala kwengqondo okubuhlungu.
• Ukonzakala: Izinto ezifana namanxeba okudutyulwa, ukuhlatywa, njl.njl.
• Izifo ezibangelwa yintsholongwane: Ezi zizifo ezibangelwa liqela leentsholongwane. Ezi ntsholongwane zingonakalisa imithambo yegazi kwaye zibangele ukopha okukhulu. Imizekelo ibandakanya i-Ebola, i-dengue fever, iMarburg, kunye ne-yellow fever.

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani `(Ukopha kwegazi)`?

Oogqirha baza kuxilonga ukopha kwegazi ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zakho (umz., isiyezi) kunye neziphumo zovavanyo lomzimba (umz., ukunyuka kwesantya sentliziyo, ukwehla koxinzelelo lwegazi). Inyathelo elilandelayo kukufumanisa ngqo apho ukopha kuvela khona kwaye yintoni ebangela oko. Ukopha ngaphandle kudla ngokucaca. Nangona kunjalo, ukopha ngaphakathi kunokuba nzima ngakumbi.

Ugqirha uza kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba, abuze ngeempawu zakho kunye nembali yakho yezonyango, kwaye angayalela iimvavanyo zomfanekiso (ezifana neeskeni) kunye novavanyo lwelebhu.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango zokopha?

Unyango lokuphuma kwegazi luxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi:

• Igazi liya phi kwaye nokuba lingaphakathi okanye lingaphandle komzimba.
• Ubunzima bayo.
• Unobangela wokuqala wokopha.
• Ngaba kukho ezinye izifo okanye ukwenzakala onakho?

Ukuba imbangela ayaziwa kwaye/okanye ukopha kukhulu, kunokufuneka ulaliswe esibhedlele ukuze ufumane unyango. Iqela lakho lezonyango liza kufumana imbangela lize liyinyange ngokufanelekileyo. Usenokufuna izinto ezifana nezi:

• Utyando.
• Iinaliti zeVitamin K: (Ingakumbi ukuba uthatha amayeza afana newarfarin, ukunceda ukuyeka ukopha).
• Ulwelo olufakwa emthanjeni (`ulwelo lwe-IV`).
• Utofelo-gazi.

Uncedo lokuqala kumntu ophuma igazi

Unganika uncedo lokuqala kumntu opha kakhulu – nokuba nguwe okanye ngomnye umntu. Landela la manyathelo:

1. Fowunela u-1990 ngoko nangoko okanye inombolo yakho yongxamiseko yasekuhlaleni.

2. Lalisa umntu owenzakeleyo phantsi. Ukuba kukho inxeba engalweni okanye emlenzeni, phakamisa indawo eyonzakeleyo ibe ngaphezulu kwenqanaba lentliziyo ukuba kunokwenzeka.

3. Ukuba unezinto zonyango, gquma inxeba nge-gauze ecocekileyo okanye ngelaphu elicocekileyo.

4. Cela umntu owenzakeleyo ukuba abambe inxeba ngesandla sakhe (okanye ngezandla zakhe). Ukuba akakwazi ukukwenza, kufuneka ukwenze.

5. Ukuba kukho into (umz. iglasi, umthi) ebambeke enxebeni, musa ukuyikhupha. Qinisa ibhandishi eliyijikelezileyo.

6. Ukuba usebenzisa i-tourniquet (ibhanti ebotshelelwe ngokuqinileyo phezu kwenxeba ukuze kumiswe ukopha), yenza oko kuphela ukuba uyazi indlela yokukwenza ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye kuphela njengesisombululo sokugqibela kwiimeko zokopha kakhulu.(Le yindlela yokuthintela ukopha ngokusebenzisa into efana neqhekeza lomthi okanye ilaphu ukuze licinezelwe phezu kwenxeba. Nangona kunjalo, oku kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngumntu owaziyo kakuhle ukuba makenze ntoni, kuba kunokubangela ingozi ukuba kwenziwe ngendlela engafanelekanga.)

Iyintoni imbono yokuchacha komntu oye wopha igazi?

Ukuba unesifo sokopha, i-prognosis yakho (indlela ocinga ngayo) ixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi:

• Luhlobo luni lwe-`(Ukopha kwegazi)`?
• Ubunzima bayo.
• Indlela okhawuleze ngayo ukufumana unyango.
• Ubudala bakho kunye nempilo yakho iyonke.

Unyango lwakwangoko lubalulekile ekuchacheni ngcono. Nje ukuba ufumane unyango, iqela lakho lezonyango liza kukunika umbono olungileyo wento omawuyilindele kwixesha elizayo.

Iingxaki ezinokubakho ngenxa `(Ukopha kwegazi)`

Iingxaki ezibangelwa kukopha kwegazi zibangelwa ikakhulu kukuncipha komlinganiselo wegazi ofikelela kwizitho zakho zomzimba. Oku ekugqibeleni kunokubangela ukuba izicubu kunye neeseli zife, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiingxaki ezifana nezi:

• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwamalungu omzimba.
• Ukuxhuzula.
• I-Coma.
• Ukufa.

Ukopha igazi sesona sizathu siphambili sokufa okunokuthintelwa, ingakumbi kwabo benzakele kakhulu.

Ezinye iintlobo ezithile zokopha zinokuba neengxaki ezithile. Umzekelo, ukopha ebuchosheni kunokubangela umonakalo osisigxina ebuchosheni kunye neengxaki zemithambo-luvo. Ukopha emva kokubeleka kunokubangela imeko ebizwa ngokuba yiSheehan syndrome, apho i-pituitary gland yakho yonakaliswa kukopha kakhulu.

Ezinye iingxaki eziqhelekileyo ziquka ukopha kwakhona kunye neengxaki ezinxulumene nokulaliswa esibhedlele (umz., i-deep venous thrombosis, kunye nosulelo).

Imizimba yethu ifuna igazi ukuze lihlale kwimithambo yegazi yethu. Xa livuza, ingakumbi ukuba lininzi, linokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu. Xa kufikwa kwingxaki yokopha, ukufumana unyango ngokukhawuleza yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Ukuba wena okanye umntu omthandayo wopha ngokungalawulekiyo, okanye ukuba ukrokrela ukuba wopha ngaphakathi, musa ukulibazisa ukuya esibhedlele.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Kulungile, ndicinga ukuba ngoku uyaqonda kakuhle into ebesithetha ngayo, ``(Ukuphuma kwegazi)'', okuthetha ukuphuma kwegazi. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ukuba ukopha ngendlela engaqhelekanga, musa ukuyityeshela nje, ucinge, "Owu, yinto encinci nje," kwaye ufune ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko.Kwakhona, ukuba uneempawu ezibonisa ukuba usenokuba uphuma igazi ndaweni ithile emzimbeni wakho (umz., intloko ebuhlungu ngequbuliso, ukuhlanza igazi, isitulo esimnyama), oko kuyinyani, kwaye kufuneka ubone ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Khumbula, ukuba sifumana unyango kwangethuba, sinokuthintela izifo ezininzi ezinzulu. Ngoko ke, soloko unika ingqalelo emzimbeni wakho. Ukuba uneengxaki okanye amathandabuzo, ungoyiki okanye ungathandabuzi ukubona ugqirha kwaye ufumane ingcebiso. Hlala usempilweni!

ukopha , ukopha, ukopha, ukopha ngaphakathi, ukopha ngaphandle, uncedo lokuqala, iimpawu