UKavindu (oneminyaka engama-24 ubudala) oweza ekliniki ngaloo mini wamangaliswa kakhulu kwaye enomdla wokwazi. Wajonga ikhadi leyeza esandleni sakhe, wanikina intloko, waza wandibuza umbuzo ongaqhelekanga.
"Gqirha, izolo ebusuku ndibe nentlungu embi kakhulu yamazinyo. Ndisele ipilisi yokubulala iintlungu endiyinikwe ngugqirha wamazinyo. Ndiyiginye ipilisi ndaza ndayithumela esiswini sam, kodwa kungekapheli nemizuzu engama-20 intlungu yamazinyo yam yaphela! Ngoko ke le pilisi incinci yazi njani ukuba lizinyo lam elibuhlungu? Ingaba inohlobo oluthile lwenkqubo yeGPS eyakhelwe ngaphakathi kuyo?" ubuze uKavindu ngokunyaniseka.
Ndancuma ndaza ndathi kuKavindu, "Kavindu, akukho GPS ngaphakathi kwipilisi. Kodwa indlela esebenza ngayo emzimbeni wethu iyamangalisa ngokwenene. Kufana nesithunywa esijikeleza isixeko. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngendlela yokufumana indawo echanekileyo apho ipilisi ibuhlungu khona emva kokuba ingene esiswini size siyiphilise."
Kwenzeka ntoni xa iyeza lingena esiswini? (Ukufunxwa)
Ipilisi esiyithathayo kuqala iya esiswini sethu nasemathunjini amancinci. Apho, i-asidi kunye nolwelo olusesiswini luqala ukuqhekeza ipilisi ibe ngamasuntswana amancinci kakhulu.
La masuntswana eziyobisi anyibilikisiweyo afunxwa ngeendonga zamathumbu amancinci angene egazini lethu. Kwisayensi yezonyango, le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-absorption .
Ukusasazwa emzimbeni wonke ngegazi
Amasuntswana eziyobisi angene egazini aqala ukuhamba ngemithambo yegazi emzimbeni wonke xa ukubetha kwentliziyo kubetha.
Apha, iyeza aliyi ngqo kwindawo ebuhlungu. Lihamba negazi liye kuwo onke amalungu omzimba, ukusuka entloko ukuya ezinzwaneni. Kufana nokunkcenkceshela igadi yonke ngepayipi. Nangona amanzi ehamba kulo lonke igadi, zizityalo eziwadingayo kuphela eziwafunxayo, akunjalo? Yindlela amayeza asebenza ngayo.
Imodeli yeTshixo kunye neSitshixo
Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuqonda indlela esebenza ngayo iyeza kunye nendawo elifuneka kuyo kukusebenzisa ithiyori ethi "Lock and Key Model" .
Imizimba yethu yenziwe ngeebhiliyoni zeeseli. Iseli nganye ine "locks" ezincinci kumphezulu wayo ezenziwe ngeeproteni ezikhethekileyo. Kwizonyango, sizibiza ezi receptors .
Amasuntswana eekhemikhali kwiipilisi esizithathayo afana "nezitshixo" ezenzelwe ngokukodwa. Njengoko ezi zitshixo zihamba egazini emzimbeni wonke, zinamathela kwiseli enesitshixo (i-receptor) esifanelekileyo esingena kuso.
- Indlela ezisebenza ngayo izithomalalisi zentlungu: Xa izinyo libuhlungu, iiseli ezikwizinyo zivelisa iikhemikhali ezibonisa intlungu. Isixhobo sokubulala iintlungu sihamba ngegazi size sivale ii-receptors kwiiseli zemithambo-luvo ezithwala ezo mpawu zentlungu ziye engqondweni. Emva koko, umyalezo wentlungu awuhambi engqondweni, ngoko ke asiziva iintlungu zezinyo.
- Indlela amayeza okulwa ne-allergy asebenza ngayo:Ngokuvimba ii-receptors ezibopha kwi-histamine yekhemikhali ebangela i-allergies, iimpawu ezinje ngokuthimla nokurhawuzelela ziyasuswa.
Ukujongana nee-Enzymes
Ukongeza kwii-receptors, kukho iqela labasebenzi emzimbeni wethu abakhawulezisa inkqubo nganye yeekhemikhali. Zibizwa ngokuba zii-enzymes .
Amanye amayeza asebenza ngokumisa okwethutyana ukusebenza kwezi enzymes. Umzekelo, amayeza afana nePanadol (Paracetamol) asebenza ngokumisa ukusebenza kweeenzymes emzimbeni ezisebenza xa sineentlungu nomkhuhlane.
Kutheni sifumana iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga?
Ngenxa yokuba iziyobisi zihamba emzimbeni wonke, ngamanye amaxesha zinokubophelela kwii-receptors kwezinye iindawo ngaphandle kwalapho sizifuna khona.
Umzekelo, amanye amayeza ezilonda zesisu anokuhamba ngegazi aze abophelele kwii-receptors ezikwingqondo, nto leyo esenza sizive silele. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-side effect .
Unyango olujoliswe kwiNanotechnology yanamhlanje
Nangona amayeza amadala echaphazela umzimba wonke, amayeza anamhlanje aphucuke kakhulu kangangokuba amayeza anamhlanje ngoku afana neemijukujelwa ezihlasela injongo yazo.
- I-Nanotechnology: Oku kuvumela ukuba amayeza afakwe kwii-nanoparticles, eziphindwe ngezigidi kuneenwele, aze emva koko athunyelwe ngqo kwiiseli ezinesifo (umz., iiseli zomhlaza).
- Unyango lwe-Antibody: Kuye kwaveliswa amayeza aqaphela kwaye ahlasela iimpawu ezithile kumphezulu weeseli zomhlaza, nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu umonakalo kwiiseli ezisempilweni kunye nemiphumo emibi.
Amayeza avela kwindalo
Uninzi lwamayeza aseNtshona esiwabonayo namhlanje avela kwizityalo zendalo kunye neefungi.
- I-Aspirin: I-Aspirin, eyona mithi yokunciphisa iintlungu neyokunciphisa igazi edumileyo ehlabathini, yafunyanwa okokuqala kwixolo lomthi womngcunube.
- I-Penicillin: I-antibiotic yokuqala yafunyanwa kwisikhunta esibizwa ngokuba yiPenicillium notatum.
🚨 Amanyathelo okhuseleko kunye neengcebiso zonyango
Nangona amayeza eluncedo kakhulu emzimbeni, ukusetyenziswa kwawo kakubi kunokuba yingozi ebomini.
Ixesha lokubona ugqirha ngoko nangoko:
- Ukuba ufumanisa iimpawu ze-allergy enzima (i-Drug Allergy/Anaphylaxis) ezinje ngobunzima bokuphefumla, ukudumba kwemilebe nobuso, okanye amabala abomvu eluswini kwiiyure ezimbalwa emva kokuthatha iyeza elithile.
- Ukuba ngengozi uthatha ngaphezu kwedosi echazwe ngugqirha wakho (i-overdose).
- Ukuba iimpawu zezilonda zesisu okanye iingxaki zezintso ziyavela ngenxa yokusebenzisa rhoqo amayeza okudambisa iintlungu ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha.
Izinto ekufuneka zenziwe nezo kufuneka zingayenzi
| ✔️ Izinto onokuzenza (Zenze) | ❌ Izinto ongazifuniyo |
|---|---|
| Sela amayeza akho ngexesha elifanelekileyo njengoko kuyalelwe ngugqirha wakho okanye yingcali yezemithi. | Ungaze uthathe amayeza anikwe omnye umntu ngugqirha kuba nje iimpawu zakhe zifana nezakho. |
| Ukuba ukhulelwe okanye uncancisa, xelela ugqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba usebenzise naluphi na unyango. | Musa ukuyeka ukuthatha amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane amiselwe ngugqirha wakho, nokuba uzive ungcono. |
| Gcina amayeza ekhayeni lakho kwindawo ekhuselekileyo neyomileyo kude nabantwana. | Ungaze usebenzise amayeza aphelelwe lixesha. |
❓ Eminye imibuzo onokuba nayo (FAQ)
Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba ipilisi yeparacetamol isebenze? ▼
Ngokwesiqhelo, emva kokuginya ipilisi yeparacetamol, kuthatha imizuzu engama-20 ukuya kwengama-30 ukuba inyibilike esiswini ize ingene egazini. Ukukhululeka kwayo okuphezulu kufumaneka kwiyure e-1-2 kwaye umphumo uhlala emzimbeni iiyure ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-6.
Kutheni kusithiwa amanye amayeza asetyenziswa ngaphambi kokutya kanti amanye asetyenziswa emva kokutya?▼
Amayeza athathwa ngaphambi kokutya (umz., amayeza entlungu yesisu) afunxwa ngcono esiswini esingenanto. Amayeza athathwa emva kokutya (umz., ezinye iintlungu zentlungu kunye nee-antibiotics) anokunceda ukuthintela izilonda zesisu kuba ukutya kukhusela ulwelo lwesisu.
Ngaba kungcono ukutyumza ipilisi okanye ukuyithatha njengekhaphu? ▼
Hayi, akufuneki kwenziwe konke konke. Ezinye iipilisi kunye neekhaphu zenzelwe ukunyibilika kancinci emzimbeni (Sustained Release) okanye zihlale zinjalo zide zifike emathunjini, zikhuselekile kwi-asidi yesisu. Ukuzityumza kunokukhupha iyeza emzimbeni ngaxeshanye, okubangela ubuthi okanye ukwenza iyeza lingasebenzi.
Ufanele ulahle njani amayeza angasetyenziswanga? ▼
Amayeza aseleyo okanye aphelelwe lixesha akufuneki alahlwe kwindlu yangasese okanye aphoswe kwinkunkuma. Oku kunokukhokelela ekubeni iikhemikhali zikhutshwe ziye kwindawo engqongileyo namanzi angaphantsi komhlaba. Eyona ndlela ilungileyo kukuwasa esibhedlele okanye kwikhemesti ekufutshane ukuze alahlwe.
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