Khawuthelekelele usuka kwindawo ekhanyiswe kakuhle uye kwigumbi elimnyama ngequbuliso. Kuthatha ixesha ukuba amehlo akho aqhele ubumnyama, kodwa awukwazi ukubona nto, akunjalo? Yinto eqhelekileyo leyo. Kodwa kwabanye abantu, kuthatha ixesha elide ukuba amehlo abo aqhele ubumnyama, okanye abakwazi ukubona konke konke. Oku kuba yingxaki enkulu xa beqhuba ebusuku okanye besenza umsebenzi ekukhanyeni okuphantsi. Namhlanje sithetha ngale 'bumfama basebusuku', okanye igama lezonyango layo yiNyctalopia.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni 'ubumfama basebusuku' (iNyctalopia)?
Into yokuqala ekufuneka uyiqonde kukuba ukungaboni ebusuku akusiso isifo esahlukileyo. Ngokwenene luphawu lwesinye isifo esisisiseko. Ngamafutshane, kukungakwazi ukubona kakuhle ekukhanyeni okuphantsi okanye ebumnyameni. Ikwabhekisa ekungakwazini kwamehlo ukuziqhelanisa ngokukhawuleza notshintsho olukhawulezileyo ekukhanyeni (umz., ukusuka ekukhanyeni ukuya ebumnyameni). Abanye abantu banokuba nale meko besebancinci, ngelixa abanye banokuba nayo xa sele bekhulile.
Sibona njani ebumnyameni? Masifumanise!
Ukuze uqonde oku, kufuneka ube nombono omncinci wendlela amehlo ethu asebenza ngayo ebumnyameni. Amehlo ethu afana neekhamera zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Kukho iinxalenye ezimbini eziphambili koku ezisinceda sibone ebumnyameni.
- I-Retina : Le ikwindawo engasemva kweliso lethu. Ifana nesensa ekwikhamera. Ineentlobo ezimbini ezikhethekileyo zeeseli ezibona ukukhanya. Ezi ziikhowuni kunye neentonga.
- Iikhowuni: Ezi zisinceda sibone imibala kunye neenkcukacha ezincinci.
- IiRods: La ngamaqhawe ebali lethu. Kuba la ngamaseli asinceda kakhulu ukubona ebumnyameni. IiRods zenza i-95% yeeseli ezibona ukukhanya kwi-retina yethu.
- U-Iris: Ngaba wakha waphawula indlela amehlo ekati akhula ngayo ebumnyameni aze abe mancinci ekukhanyeni? Amehlo ethu anenxalenye efanayo. Yi-iris. Le yinxalenye yeliso elawula ubungakanani bokukhanya okungena elisweni, umfundi . Ebumnyameni, iyavuleka, ivule umfundi kwaye ivumele ukukhanya okungakumbi ukuba kungene elisweni. Ekukhanyeni, iyancipha, inciphise ubungakanani bokukhanya.
Ngoko ke, ukuba ezi rod cells azisebenzi kakuhle, okanye ukuba umfundi akakhulu ngokwaneleyo, iliso alifumani ukukhanya okwaneleyo. Kulapho ke umbono ebumnyameni uba buthathaka khona.
Ziziphi izizathu eziphambili zale meko?
Zininzi izinto ezinokubangela ubumfama basebusuku. Masizijonge kwitheyibhile elula. Ezi zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini eziphambili: ukukhanya okungenalanga okufikelela elisweni okanye i-retina engasebenzi kakuhle.
| Isizathu | Inkcazo elula |
|---|---|
| IiCataracts | Ilensi yeliso iba namafu, nto leyo enciphisa ukukhanya okungena kweliso. Oku kuqheleke ngakumbi njengoko sikhula. |
| I-Glaucoma | Ukonakala kwemithambo-luvo yeliso ngenxa yoxinzelelo oluphezulu ngaphakathi kweliso. Oku kunokuchaphazela umbono ongaphandle kunye nombono wasebusuku. |
| Ukunqongophala kweVithamin A | I-Vitamin A ibalulekile ukuze iintonga zethu zisebenze kakuhle. Xa umzimba ungenayo i-vitamin A, ukubona ebusuku kuyaphazamiseka. Abantu abaye benza utyando lokunciphisa umzimba (umz. utyando lwe-gastric bypass) basengozini enkulu kuba ukufunxwa kwe-vitamin A kuyancitshiswa. |
| Izifo ezithile zemfuza | Kukho izifo ezingaqhelekanga, ezizuzwe njengelifa ezichaphazela i-retina, ezifana ne -Retinitis Pigmentosa , i-cone-rod dystrophy , kunye ne-congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) . |
| Ezinye iindlela zotyando nge-laser | Abanye abantu banokufumana ubunzima bokubona ebusuku njengesiphumo esingesihle emva kotyando olufana neLASIK lokususa iiglasi. |
Ngaba ikhona indlela yokunyanga oku?
Ewe! Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba iimeko ezininzi ezibangela ukubila ebusuku zinokunyangwa . Unyango luxhomekeke kwisizathu esiyintloko.
Umzekelo,Ukuba une-cataracts , zingasuswa ngotyando olulula kwaye ziphile ngokupheleleyo. Emva koko, umbono wakho uya kubuyela esiqhelweni. Ukuba unobangela kukungabikho kwe -vitamin A , oku kunokulungiswa ngokulula ngokuthatha iipilisi ze-vitamin njengoko ugqirha wakho ekucebisa.
Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izifo zemfuza , ezifana neRetinitis Pigmentosa, azinanyango okwangoku. Nangona kunjalo, ugqirha wakho uza kukucebisa ngeendlela kunye nezixhobo zokulawula iimpawu nokwenza ubomi bakho bube lula.
Ekubeni zininzi izizathu zoku, eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukubona ugqirha wamehlo, oko kukuthi, ugqirha wakho, ukuze afumane unobangela ochanekileyo. Kulapho ke kuphela apho unokufumanisa khona unyango olufanelekileyo kuwe.
Zithini iingozi ukuba azinyangwa?
Eyona ngozi inkulu nekhawulezileyo yoku ziingozi zeemoto . Xa uqhuba ebusuku, izibane ezikhanyayo endleleni, kunye neezibane zeenqwelo eziza ngaphambili, zinokuba nzima emehlweni akho. Kwakhona, ngokuhlwa, xa ukukhanya kufiphala kwaye bumnyama buwela, ukubonakala kuyancipha, ngoko ke kukho ithuba elikhulu lokungaboni mntu okanye isilwanyana endleleni kwaye kubangele ingozi.
Ngoko ke, ukuba ubona nokuba ungaboni kakuhle ebusuku, nceda ungaqhubi okanye usebenzise oomatshini abayingozi ebusuku ude ubone ugqirha. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kukhuseleko lwakho nolwabanye abantu.
Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?
Le asinto onokuyixilonga okanye uyinyange ekhaya. Ukuba ubona utshintsho ekuboneni kwakho ebusuku, okanye ukuba unengxaki yokubona xa usuka ekukhanyeni uye ebumnyameni, ngokuqinisekileyo sisizathu sokubonana nogqirha wamehlo. Nangona uninzi lwezizathu zingengobungozi, ukufunyaniswa kwangoko kunye nonyango kunokunceda ukuthintela umonakalo omkhulu ekuboneni kwixesha elizayo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Nyctalopia ayisosifo esahlukileyo, kodwa luphawu lwesinye isifo esisisiseko.
- Ezona zinto zixhaphakileyo ziquka i-cataracts, i-glaucoma, ukungabikho kwe-vitamin A, kunye nezifo ezithile zemfuza.
- Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba uninzi lwezizathu zesi sifo zinokunyangwa ngempumelelo, ngoko ke musa ukoyika.
- Ukuba uneengxaki ngokubona kwakho ebusuku, nceda ubone ugqirha wamehlo (ugqirha) ngokukhawuleza.
- Ukuze ukhuseleke wena kunye nabanye, ziphephe izinto eziyingozi ezifana nokuqhuba ebusuku ude ufumane iingcebiso ezifanelekileyo zonyango.
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