Ugqirha wakho usenokuba ucele uvavanyo olukhethekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa. Ngaba wakha weva ngegama elithi "immunostaining"? Lisenokuvakala linzima kwaye linzima. Kodwa eneneni luvavanyo lwelabhoratri oluphambili kakhulu olusinceda sichonge ngokuchanekileyo izifo ezifana nomhlaza kunye nezifo ezahlukeneyo. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngalo ngendlela elula kakhulu.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-Immunostaining?
Ukukhusela iintsholongwane yindlela ekhethekileyo esetyenziselwa ukuchonga imolekyuli ethile yeproteni ugqirha afuna ukuyikhangela phakathi kweeproteni ezininzi ezikwigazi lakho, isampuli yezicubu, okanye isampuli yomongo wethambo.
Khawucinge nje ufunda incwadi. Usebenzisa ipeni yokugqamisa izivakalisi ezibalulekileyo kwincwadi ukuze ukwazi ukuzibona lula. Yiloo nto le ndlela iyenzayo. Kumawakawaka eeproteni ezingaphakathi kwiiseli zomzimba wethu, le ndlela isinceda sichonge iiproteni ezithile (esizibiza ngokuba zii -antigens ) ezinxulumene nesifo esithile "ngokuzifaka umbala."
Olu "phawu" lwenziwa kusetyenziswa izinto ezikhethekileyo ezibizwa ngokuba zii-antibodies . Ngokuchanekileyo, kusetyenziswa i-antibody enokubopha kwi-antigen ethile kuphela. Le antibody incamathiselwe kwi-pigment ekhethekileyo, i-enzyme, i-molecule ye-fluorescent, okanye amasuntswana egolide. Ngoko ke xa loo antibody ibopha kwi-antigen ekuthethwa ngayo, xa siyijonga phantsi kwe-microscope, ijika ibe ngumbala omhle kwaye sinokuyibona ngokucacileyo.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba olu vavanyo lwenziwe ngoogqirha bezifo kwilabhoratri. Nangona isampuli (efana negazi okanye izicubu) ithathwa kuwe esibhedlele, uvavanyo lwenzeka kwilabhoratri.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zovavanyo lokukhusela amasosha omzimba?
Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziswayo ukwenza olu vavanyo. Ugqirha wakho uza kukhetha eyona ndlela ifanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kwimeko yakho yempilo. Makhe sijonge ezinye zeendlela eziphambili.
| Indlela yovavanyo | Yintoni le nto iyenzayo kwaye isetyenziselwa ntoni? |
|---|---|
| I-Immunohistochemistry | Le yeyona ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu. Apha, isampuli yethishu ethathwe kuwe ibekwa kwisilayidi seglasi, kongezwa i-antibody efanelekileyo, kwaye kusetyenziswa idayi ekhethekileyo ukuyingcolisa. Emva koko ihlolwa nge-microscope. Oku kunceda kakhulu ekuboneni iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza , ukwahlulahlula iimeko zemithambo-luvo kunye neengxaki zegazi. |
| I-flow cytometry | Cinga ngayo njengokuskena ukutya kwivenkile enkulu. Ngale ndlela, iiseli zakho zidlula nge-laser beam, nganye nganye, kusetyenziswa ii-antibodies ezinemibala. Umatshini unokubala, uhlele, kwaye wahlule iiseli. Oku kusetyenziselwa ukubona umhlaza ofana ne-leukemia kunye ne-lymphoma, izifo ezahlukeneyo ezosulelayo, kunye nezifo ezizikhuselayo emzimbeni . |
| I-immuno-electron microscopy (i-EM immunolabeling) | Oku kuvumela ukuba isampuli ibonwe ngokwandiswa okuphezulu kakhulu, ngendlela eneenkcukacha ezininzi. Apha, amasuntswana egolide e-colloidal anamathele kwi-antibodies. Xa ejongwa nge-electron microscope, la masuntswana egolide abonakala ngokucacileyo njengamachaphaza amnyama. Ke ngoko, xa i-antibody inamathele kwi-antigen, inokubonwa lula. Le ndlela ikwasetyenziselwa ukubona usulelo lwentsholongwane kunye nokufumana iindawo zee-antigen zentsholongwane kwiigonyo. |
Ndingazilungiselela njani ezi vavanyo?
Ngokuqhelekileyo, akufuneki ulungiselele nantoni na ekhethekileyo kuvavanyo lokukhusela amajoni omzimba.
Nangona kunjalo, ngaphambi kokuba uthathe isampuli (oko kukuthi, ukuthatha igazi okanye isiqwenga sethishu, njenge-biopsy), ugqirha wakho uya kukunika imiyalelo ecacileyo malunga nento omawuyenze. Umzekelo, ukuba wenza i-biopsy, ungaxelelwa ukuba ungatyi okanye ungaseli nantoni na ngaphambi kwenkqubo. Kubalulekile ukulandela loo miyalelo ngokuchanekileyo.
Uvavanyo luthatha ixesha elingakanani? Ziza kufumaneka nini iziphumo?
Ixesha elithathwayo ukuze oku kwenzeke liyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela esetyenzisiweyo.
- Ezinye iindlela zinokuvelisa iziphumo kwiiyure ezimbalwa .
- Ezinye iindlela zingathatha ukuya kuthi ga kwiintsuku ezili-10 .
Ngomhla wokuthathwa kwesampulu yakho, ugqirha okanye ilungu labasebenzi liya kukunika umbono ocacileyo wokuba kuza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukufumana iziphumo, ngoko ungakhathazeki ngaloo nto.
Zithini iziphumo?
Ingcali yezifo kwilebhu iza kuhlola isampuli yakho ize ithumele ingxelo epheleleyo yeziphumo kugqirha wakho onyangayo. Ugqirha wakho uza kunxulumanisa iziphumo zengxelo nesifo sakho aze akuchazele ngokulula ukuba ithetha ukuthini.
Kuza kwenzeka ntoni emva koko ukuba iziphumo aziqhelekanga?
Ukuba uvavanyo luqinisekisa imeko yempilo, musa ukoyika. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela iziphumo ngokupheleleyo aze axoxe ngeendlela zonyango lwakho.
Kwezinye iimeko, iqela loogqirha abavela kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo linokudibana ukuze lixoxe ngesicwangciso sonyango esingcono. Injongo yomntu wonke kukubonelela ngonyango olungcono. Ngoko ke, thetha nogqirha wakho ngayo nayiphi na imibuzo okanye iinkxalabo onokuba nazo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Immunostaining luvavanyo olukhethekileyo lwelabhoratri olusebenzisa ii-antibodies ukuchonga ngokuchanekileyo izifo ezifana nomhlaza kunye nosulelo.
- Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zolu vavanyo, kwaye ugqirha wakho uya kukhetha eyona ndlela ifanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kwimeko yakho yempilo.
- Ugqirha wakho uza kukwazisa ngemiyalelo ekufuneka uyilandele ngaphambi kokuba akunike isampulu yovavanyo.
- Ixesha elithathwayo ukufumana iziphumo zovavanyo linokwahluka, kwaye xa iziphumo zifumaneka, ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela aze axoxe ngamanyathelo alandelayo, ukuba kuyimfuneko.
- Xoxa ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho ngayo nayiphi na imibuzo onayo malunga neziphumo zovavanyo lwakho okanye imeko yakho yempilo.
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