Ngaba umntwana wakho udlala ngendlela engaqhelekanga? Ngaba kukuphazamiseka kokulawula iimvakalelo? Makhe sithethe ngale nto!

Ngaba uvakalelwa kukuba umntwana wakho uhlala esenza izinto ngendlela engafanelekanga, engabacingeli abanye? Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uyacaphuka ngenxa yezinto ezincinci? Okanye ngaba ungena engxakini enkulu kuba engakwazi ukuyeka imikhwa emibi? Njengomzali, kuqhelekile ukuba uzive ulusizi kakhulu, mhlawumbi ude woyike, xa ubona izinto ezinje. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngezi ntlobo zokuziphatha, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-"Impulse Control Disorders" okanye i-impulse control disorders.

Zithini ezi ngxaki zokulawula impembelelo?

Ngamafutshane, "Iingxaki zoLawulo lweeMpembelelo" liqela leemeko zengqondo nezokuziphatha ezenza kube nzima ukulawula iminqweno, okanye iimvakalelo, kunye nezenzo ezilandelayo. Ezi ndlela zokuziphatha zinokubangela ingozi kuye okanye kwabanye. Kwezinye iimeko, ezi ndlela zokuziphatha zinokubangela iingxaki nomthetho.

Khawucinge nje, umsindo oqhuma ngequbuliso obangela ukuba ukhwaze, uphose izinto, okanye ube nomnqweno ongalawulekiyo wokuthatha into yomnye umntu. Le yimizekelo embalwa nje.

Ezinye zezi ndlela zokuziphatha ziyingxaki ziquka:

• Umsindo ongxamisekileyo, onobundlobongela kunye nezenzo ezihamba nawo.
• Ukuhlala ephikisana kwaye elwa nabanye.
• Ukutshabalalisa izinto zabanye abantu kunye nempahla kawonke-wonke.
• Ukungathobeli abantu abadala nabasemagunyeni, ukungawunanzi amacebiso abo.
• Ubusela.
• Ukwaphula imithetho.

Iimpawu zezi "Impulse Control Disorders" zihlala ziqala ebuntwaneni , kwaye ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba azinyangwa, ezi meko zinokuqhubeka zize zibe ngabantu abadala.

Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zeengxaki zokulawula impembelelo?

Ngokwesikhokelo se-American Psychiatric Association (i-American Psychiatric Association) sokwahlula izifo zengqondo, i-DSM-5, iintlobo ezininzi eziphambili ze-"Impulse Control Disorders" zichongiwe. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi.

1. Ingxaki Yokuchasana Nokuchasana (ODD)

Okwenzekayo koku kukuba umntwana uhlala engazithobeli iinkokheli (njengabazali, ootitshala), ephikisana nabo rhoqo, kwaye eziphatha ngendlela ebacaphukisayo. Banokucaphukisa abanye ngabom. Kodwa oku akusiyonto nje yokuthanda, yingxaki enzulu.

2. Ukuphazamiseka Kwendlela Yokuziphatha

Le meko imbi ngakumbi kune "ODD". Apha, umntwana okanye umntu oselula uyaqhubeka nokuziphatha kakubi kwabanye, exhaphaza izilwanyana, exoka, ebe, ephuma endlwini ngokungekho mthethweni, kwaye ephula imithetho yesikolo ngokugqithisileyo . Abayikhathaleli imigaqo yoluntu okanye amalungelo abanye.

3. Ingxaki Yokuqhushumba Okungapheliyo

Kwenzeka ntoni kule nto,Umsindo oqhuma ngequbuliso, nokuba kungesizathu okanye ngesizathu esincinci, onzima kangangokuba akunakwenzeka ukuwulawula. Ngequbuliso, bayakhwaza, baqalekise, baphose izinto emhlabeni, baze bahlasele abanye. Emva komsindo oqhumayo, basenokuzisola kakhulu. Kodwa ngelo xesha, abanalawulo.

4. I-Kleptomania

Le yimeko eyahlukileyo kancinci. Okwenzekayo apha kukuba unomnqweno ongalawulekiyo nonamandla wokuba izinto ezingenaxabiso kwaye ongazidingiyo. Uyazi ukuba ukuba akulunganga kwaye uza kubanjwa. Kodwa awunakuyilawula loo mnqweno uze ube. Uziva ukhululekile emva kokuba ububile, kodwa ngaphambi koko uziva uxinezelekile kwaye uxhalabile.

5. I-Pyromania

Le yimeko engaqhelekanga kakhulu. Okwenzekayo koku kukuba kukho umnqweno ongalawulekiyo nonamandla wokutshisa ngabom. Nangona besazi ukuba ukutshisa kuya kubangela ingozi, abanakuyilawula loo mnqweno baze bawutshise. Baziva bexinezelekile kwaye bexhalabile ngaphambi kokuba batshise, kwaye benovuyo olukhulu kunye nokukhululeka emva kokuba batshise umlilo. Abatshisi nangasiphi na esinye isizathu (njengempindezelo, imali), kodwa ngenxa yalo mnqweno.

Zixhaphake kangakanani ezi "Iingxaki zoLawulo lweeMpembelelo"?

Ukuxhaphaka kwe "Impulse Control Disorders" nganye kuluntu kuyahluka. Umzekelo, ngokwezibalo eMelika:

• Ingxaki Yokuchasana Neengxaki Zokuziphatha (ODD): Malunga ne-3.3% yabantwana kunye nabantu abadala abaselula.
• Ukuphazamiseka Kwendlela Yokuziphatha: Malunga ne-4% yabantwana kunye nabantu abadala abancinci.
• Isifo Sokuqhushumba Esiqhubekayo: Malunga ne-2.7% yabantu ngokubanzi.
• I-Kleptomania: Malunga ne-0.6% yabantu ngokubanzi.

I-Pyromania yeyona ingaqhelekanga kwezi. Olunye uphando lubonise ukuba yi-3% kuphela yabantu abasentolongweni ngenxa yokutshisa babonisa iimpawu ze-pyromania. Iimeko ezifanayo zikwabonakala naseSri Lanka, kodwa kunzima ukufumana izibalo ezichanekileyo.

Zithini iimpawu ze-`(Impulse Control Disorders)`?

Nangona "i-Impulse Control Disorder" nganye ineempawu zayo ezizodwa, uphawu oluqhelekileyo lwazo zonke kukunciphisa amandla okulawula indlela umntu aziphatha ngayo. Oku kudla ngokubangela ingxaki kwabanye okanye kukhokelela kwiingxaki zomthetho.

Rhoqo, abantu abane-"Impulse Control Disorder" bayazi ukuba ukuziphatha kwabo akulunganga kwaye akufanelekanga. Kodwa abanakuyiyeka. Ngaphambi kokuba aba bantu baziphathe ngendlela engafanelekanga, baziva bexinezelekile kwaye bexhalabile ngaphakathi kubo. Emva kokuba benze loo ndlela ingafanelekanga, baziva bekhululekile kwaye bekhululekile.

Ngamanye amazwi, abantu abanezi "ICD" bakhupha umsindo wabo, ukungonwabi, kunye nokukhungatheka ngabanye abantu. Oko kukuthi, "bakhupha" ukuziphatha kwabo ngaphandle.Oku kudla ngokukhokelela kwiingxabano nabanye abantu. Oku kwahlukile kwiimeko ezifana nokuphazamiseka kwexhala okanye ukuphazamiseka kweemvakalelo, apho umntu aziva exinezelekile kwaye exinezelekile ngaphakathi.

Kodwa nantsi into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule. Abantwana abaninzi, ingakumbi kwiminyaka yabo yokuqala neyokufikisa, baziphatha ngenkani kancinci, bengathobeli abantu abadala. Benza oku ukuze bafunde ukuba yintoni imida yabo kunye nokuba yintoni imida yabanye. Oko kuqhelekile. Kodwa kwi-"Impulse Control Disorders", ezi ndlela zokuziphatha zihlala zixhaphakile, zinzima, kwaye zihlala ixesha elide. Kwaye ezi ndlela zokuziphatha zinempembelelo enkulu kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla yomntwana, izifundo zakhe, ubudlelwane bakhe nosapho lwakhe, kunye nobudlelwane bakhe nabahlobo bakhe.

Zithini izizathu ze-`(Iingxaki zoLawulo lweeMpembelelo)`?

Abaphandi basazama ukufumana izizathu ezichanekileyo zezi "Impulse Control Disorders." Ngokwazi kwethu, kusenokwenzeka ukuba kungenxa yendibaniselwano yezinto.

• I-Genetics : Izifundo zibonise ukuba abazali babantwana abane-ODD banamathuba amaninzi okuba neengxaki zemood. Ngokufanayo, abazali babantwana abane-Conduct Disorder banokuba neemeko ezifana ne -schizophrenia , i-attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), i-drug use disorders (SUD), okanye i-antisocial personality disorders (ASPDs). Oku kubonisa ukuba kunokubakho unxibelelwano lwe-genetic.
• Izinto ezichaphazela imeko-bume : Izifundo zifumanise ukuba izinto ezichaphazela imeko-bume zinokuba negalelo ekuphuhlisweni kwezi meko kubantwana abavela kwiintsapho ezinengeniso ephantsi, abantwana abakhulela kwindawo enobundlobongela, abantwana abangazange bafumane ngqalelo ifanelekileyo nenkathalo kubazali babo ebuntwaneni, abantwana abaye baxhatshazwa okanye babona ukuxhatshazwa ngokwasemzimbeni okanye ngokwengqondo, kunye nabantwana abanabahlobo abanonxulumano olubi.
• Izizathu zebhayoloji : Ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuba abantu abane-ICD banotshintsho olungaqhelekanga kwimisebenzi ethile yobuchopho okanye kumanqanaba eehomoni (umzekelo, ihomoni i-cortisol).

Ungazichonga njani `(Iingxaki zoLawulo lweeMpembelelo)`?

Ezi meko zichongwa ziingcali zempilo yengqondo, ezifana neengcali zengqondo okanye iingcali zengqondo. Basebenzisa imigaqo ekwi-DSM-5. Ngokwesiqhelo, iimpawu kufuneka zihlale ubuncinane iinyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwezili-12. Kufuneka zibangele uxinzelelo olukhulu okanye ukuphazamiseka kubomi bemihla ngemihla.

Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho ninokuba neempawu ze-"Impulse Control Disorder," ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha wengqondo okanye ingcali yezengqondo. Basebenzisa udliwanondlebe olucwangcisiweyo kunye neendlela zovavanyo ukuze bachonge ngokuchanekileyo ezi meko zengqondo nezokuziphatha.

Amaxesha amaninzi, aba basebenzi bafumana ulwazi kwabo basondeleyo kuloo mntu (njengabazali, abantakwabo, abahlobo, ootitshala) ukuze bafumane umfanekiso opheleleyo wendlela aziphatha ngayo loo mntu.

Zinyangwa njani `(Iingxaki zoLawulo lweeMpembelelo)`?

Okwangoku akukho mayeza avunyiweyo ngokukodwa yi-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ukunyanga ezi "Impulse Control Disorders". Ke ngoko, unyango oluphambili ziindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango kunye nokwenza utshintsho olufunekayo kwiindlela abazali abaphatha ngazo abantwana babo.

Nazi ezinye iindlela eziluncedo abazali abanokuzilandela ukunceda ukulawula ezi ndlela zokuziphatha zinzima ebantwaneni:

• Ukunciphisa iimpendulo ezilungileyo kwizenzo ezingafanelekanga (umz., ukunika umntwana oko akufunayo xa ekhala).
• Ukukhuthaza ukuziphatha ngovelwano nokukhathalela abanye (iindlela zokuziphatha ezingabalulekanga ebantwini).
• Ukusebenzisa iindlela zokuqeqesha ezingenabundlobongela.
• Ukwenza izigqibo ezizinzileyo neziqikelelweyo xa uqeqesha abantwana (hayi ngendlela enye namhlanje, ngenye ngomso).

Ezinye iindlela zonyango ezithile ezinceda koku zezi:

• Uqeqesho Lolawulo Lwabazali (PMT) : Oku kubandakanya ukuqeqesha abazali okanye abanakekeli kwiindlela ezinceda umntwana wabo aphucule indlela aziphethe ngayo aze afunde izakhono ezintsha. Injongo yolu nyango kukubonelela ngoqeqesho oluqhubekayo ngelixa benika ingxelo efanelekileyo neyakhayo ngokuziphatha kakuhle komntwana.
• Unyango lweMultisystemic (MST) : Olu nyango lusebenzisa amandla osapho ukukhuthaza ukujongana kakuhle nonyango. Ingcali yezonyango eneemvume isebenza nabazali ukunceda ukuqinisa ukuziphatha okuhle nokunciphisa ukuziphatha okubi. Zikwanceda usapho ukuba luphuhlise uxanduva kunye nezakhono zokusombulula iingxaki.
• Unyango Lokuziphatha Olusebenzisa Ingqondo (CBT) : I-CBT luhlobo lwe-psychotherapy olucwangcisiweyo nolujolise kwiinjongo. Ludla ngokusetyenziswa kunye noqeqesho lobuzali. Kwi-CBT, ingcali yezonyango inceda umntwana ukuba ahlole iingcinga neemvakalelo zakhe. Emva koko umntwana uyaqonda indlela iingcinga zakhe ezichaphazela ngayo izenzo zakhe. Nge-CBT, umntwana uyakwazi ukutshintsha iingcinga ezimbi, ezimbi kunye neendlela zokuziphatha aze afunde indlela yokucinga kunye neendlela zokuziphatha ezisempilweni.

Ithini ingqikelelo ye `(Impulse Control Disorders)`?

Imbonakalo yezi `(Impulse Control Disorders)`, oko kukuthi, ukuba imeko iza kuba njani, inokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko kunye nobunzima bayo. Nangona kunjalo, ngokubanzi, ezi `(ICDs)` zinokuba ziimeko ezingapheliyo . Kwaye zinokuba nefuthe elikhulu kubomi bomntu ochaphazelekayo kunye nabantu abathandayo.

Izifundo zibonise ukuba abantu abane-ICDs banamathuba amaninzi okuhlangabezana nezi zinto zilandelayo kwixesha elizayo:

• Ukujika ekusebenziseni iziyobisi.
• Uxinzelelo.
• Umngcipheko wokulahlekelwa ngumsebenzi.
• Ubunzima bokugcina ubudlelwane.

Nangona kunjalo, ukungenelela okunzulu konyango kunokunceda kakhulu ekulawuleni ezi ndlela zokuziphatha zinengxaki.

Ngaba "iingxaki zokulawula umfutho" zinokuthintelwa?

Ezi meko zisenokungathintelwa ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuxilonga nokunyanga imeko kwangethuba , unokunciphisa kakhulu uxinzelelo kunye nobunzima umntwana wakho kunye nosapho abaya kubufumana. Ayisiyiyo loo nto kuphela, kodwa inokunceda ukuthintela ezinye iingxaki (ezifana nokuphazamiseka kwemfundo kunye nemiba yezomthetho) ezinokunxulunyaniswa nezi "ICDs".

Abantwana kunye nabantu abaselula abaziphatha ngobundlobongela baze baphule imithetho bangumceli mngeni omkhulu kubazali. Nangona kuqhelekile ukuba abantwana abancinci kunye nabantu abaselula baziphathe ngendlela engaqhelekanga ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba baziphatha rhoqo nangendlela ephazamisa abanye, oko kusenokuba luphawu "lweSifo soLawulo lweeMpembelelo".

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqala unyango lwezi `(Impulse Control Disorders)` ngokukhawuleza. Inyathelo lokuqala ekufuneni unyango kukudibana nogqirha wakho wosapho, ugqirha wengqondo, okanye ingcali yezengqondo nize nithethe ngale nto. Musa ukoyika ukubuza imibuzo esengqondweni yakho. Bakho ukukunceda.

Isishwankathelo kunye nomyalezo oya nawo ekhaya

"Iingxaki zoLawulo lweeMpembelelo" ebesithetha ngazo ziindlela zokuziphatha ezingxamisekileyo ezingenakulawulwa. Ezi azingomsebenzi nje "womntwana ombi," zinokuba yimeko enzulu efuna ukungenelela kwezonyango.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukufuna uncedo lweengcali ukuba unenkxalabo enzulu malunga nokuziphatha komntwana wakho, endaweni yokungayinaki. Okukhona ibonwa ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona iziphumo zonyango ziba ngcono.

Khumbula:

• Ezinye zeendlela zokuziphatha ezibonwa ebuntwaneni ziqhelekile, kodwa kwi-ICD, ezi ndlela zokuziphatha zihlala zixhaphakile, zinzima, kwaye zihlala ixesha elide.
• Ezi meko zinokuphenjelelwa zizinto zemfuza, okusingqongileyo, kunye nezinto zebhayoloji.
• Iindlela zonyango kunye neenkqubo zoqeqesho lwabazali ziphumelela kakhulu njengonyango.
• Awuwedwa. Baninzi nabanye abazali abajongene nemingeni efanayo, kwaye kukho iingcali ezinokukunceda.

Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba umntwana wakho unengxaki efana nale, nceda ucele ingcebiso kugqirha. Ukungenelela kwangoko kunokuzisa intuthuzelo enkulu kumntwana nakusapho lonke.

Ulawulo lweempembelelo , iingxaki zokuziphatha, impilo yengqondo yomntwana, i-ODD, i-Conduct Disorder, ingcebiso yobuzali, unyango lwengqondo