Ingaba intliziyo yakho yosulelekile ngolu hlobo? Masifunde nge-Infective Endocarditis!

Intliziyo sisitho esibaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Ifana nenjini yomzimba wethu. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha le ntliziyo inokuphuhlisa izifo ezahlukeneyo. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngemeko enokuthi ikhule entliziyweni, efuna unonophelo oluncinci, kodwa enokulawulwa ukuba uyazi kakuhle. Eso sisifo esibizwa ngokuba yi -`(Infective Endocarditis)` . Usenokuba awuzange uve ngeli gama, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ngale nto.

Yintoni le `(Infective Endocarditis)`? Ngamafutshane...

Ngamafutshane, `(Infective Endocarditis)` ithetha ukuba intsholongwane ingena kumaleko wangaphakathi wentliziyo yakho, oko kukuthi, `(Endocardium)` , okanye iivalvu zentliziyo (iiValves), kwaye ibangele usulelo. Cinga ngayo, iivalvu ezikwintliziyo yethu zifana neengcango. Ezi valve zinceda ukuhamba kwegazi kwicala elinye kuphela. Ngokwesiqhelo, ezi valve zinamandla kakhulu kwaye zimelana lula neentsholongwane (iibhaktheriya, iifungi). Yiyo loo nto le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi `(Infective Endocarditis)` ingaqhelekanga. Kodwa ukuba iyenzeka, inokuba yingozi kancinci.

Kwenzeka njani oku? Iintsholongwane zifikelela njani entliziyweni?

Kulungile, ngoku makhe sijonge indlela ekhula ngayo le `(Infective Endocarditis)`. Iqala xa iintsholongwane (iiBhakteria) okanye ifungi (iiFungi) zingena egazini lakho. Uninzi lwexesha, oko kukuthi , malunga nesine kwiziganeko ezintlanu, ibangelwa ziintsholongwane ezibizwa ngokuba yi`(Streptococcus)` kunye ne`(Staphylococcus)`.

Usenokuba ucinga, "Owu, ezi ntsholongwane zingangena njani egazini?" Cinga ngako, ukuba ufumana isilonda esincinci kwiintsini zakho ngelixa uhlamba amazinyo akho, iintsholongwane zingangena egazini. Okanye, nokuba wenza utyando olukhulu, ingakumbi utyando lwentliziyo evulekileyo, iintsholongwane zingangena.

Iintsholongwane ezingena egazini, zihamba ngegazi, kwaye zihlala kwiindawo ezonakeleyo ngaphambili, njenge-endocardium okanye iivalvu zentliziyo. Kanye njengokuba amasuntswana othuli enamathela kumphezulu omanzi. Apho, ezi ntsholongwane zenza iikholoni. Sizibiza ngokuba "zizityalo." Ezi koloni zikhupha iityhefu kunye nee-enzymes. Ezi zitshabalalisa iiseli ezisempilweni kwaye ziphazamisane nenkqubo yokuphiliswa.

Ngubani onokuba nethuba elikhulu lokuphuhlisa oku? (Izinto ezibangela umngcipheko)

Nangona nabani na enokuba ne-infective endocarditis, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi kubantu abanesifo sentliziyo . Oku kuquka:

• Abantu abaneevalvu zentliziyo ezonakeleyo ngenxa yezinye iimeko zonyango: Umzekelo, abo baneevalvu ezonakeleyo ngenxa ye-`(Rheumatic Heart Disease)`.
• Abantu abaneSifo seNtliziyo esizalwa naso: Oko kukuthi, abantu abazalwa benesiphene esithile sentliziyo.

Ezi meko zinokuchaphazela ukusebenza kweevalvu zentliziyo. Umzekelo:

• I-Aortic Valve Stenosis
• `(Isifo se-Bicuspid Aortic Valve)` (Isifo se-Bicuspid Aortic Valve)
• Ukubuyela kwesisu (ukuvuza kwegazi kwiivalvu zentliziyo)
• I-Mitral Valve Prolapse

Ukongeza koku, kukho nezinye izinto ezibangela umngcipheko:

• Amadoda: Amadoda anamathuba aphindwe kabini okufumana esi sifo kunabafazi.
• Ukwaluphala: Oku kwenzeka rhoqo kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala.

Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho ngenxa yoku?

Ukuba imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Infective Endocarditis" ayifunyaniswanga kwaye ayinyangwa kwangethuba, iintsholongwane zinokukhula zize zisasazeke, nto leyo ebangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezibi kakhulu. Enye yezona ziphambili kukusilela kwentliziyo.

Kwakhona, ukuba unyango lokuqala aluphumeleli, imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(Emboli)` inokwenzeka. `(Emboli)` ngamahlwili egazi amancinci aphuma kwiikholoni zebhaktheriya ezikhankanyiweyo `(Imifuno). Ukuba ezi zihamba ngegazi zize zibambeke emthanjeni wegazi, zinokuthintela ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya kwisitho esibalulekileyo. Oku kunokubangela iingxaki ezinokuba yingozi nakubomi.

Khawucinge nje, oku kufana nokuba inkunkuma inamathele kumbhobho wamanzi, amanzi ayayeka ukuhamba.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zezi `(Emboli)` zezi:

• Ukwanda kwepleen kunye nentlungu.
• Ukonakala kwezintso.
• Amahlwili egazi aya emiphungeni (i-Pulmonary Embolism).
• Istroke.
• Ukonakala kwamalungu akude, njengeminwe.

Ziziphi izizathu eziphambili ze-`(Infective Endocarditis)`?

Ezinye izifo zentliziyo kunye nonyango lwentliziyo zinokuvumela iintsholongwane ukuba zingene egazini. Ezi zezona zizathu ziphambili ze-"Infective Endocarditis".

• Iivalvu zentliziyo zokwenziwa: Ezi zinokuba yingozi ngakumbi kuneevalvu zendalo.
• Iimeko ezifuna ukufakwa kwezixhobo ezifana nee-pacemakers: Ingakumbi ukuba iingcingo zezi zixhobo zidlula kwimithambo yegazi.
• Ukuba ukhe wafakelwa intliziyo.
• Imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy)` (ukuqina kwemisipha yentliziyo).
• Ukuba ukhe watyandwa intliziyo evulekileyo.
• Ukuba ukhe waba ne-`(Infective Endocarditis)` ngaphambili.

Ngaba zikho ezinye izizathu?

Kunqabile kakhulu ukuba le meko ivele kubantu abaneentliziyo eziphilileyo. Izizathu ezinokubakho ziquka:

• I-catheter yinto ehlala kwimithambo yegazi ixesha elide: umzekelo, ii-catheter zexesha elide ezisetyenziselwa ukunika i-chemotherapy kwizigulana ezinomhlaza.
• Izifo ezenza buthathaka inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela: Umzekelo, `(HIV)` kunye `(AIDS)`.
• Ukuba nosulelo kwenye indawo emzimbeni.
• Ukujova iziyobisi ezisetyenziswa emithanjeni usebenzisa iinaliti ezingcolileyo kuyingozi kakhulu.
• Ukungacoceki kakuhle komlomo: Oku kubangela ukuba iintsholongwane ezininzi ziqokelele emlonyeni.
• Ukusebenzisa inaliti engcolileyo xa ufaka amayeza emthanjeni ngezizathu zonyango.

Zithini iimpawu zesi sifo? Izinto onokuzibona...

Iimpawu ze-`(Infective Endocarditis)` zihlala zichaphazela intliziyo yakho kunye nenkqubo yokuphefumla. Unokufumana izinto ezifana nezi:

• Iintlungu zesifuba.
• Isandi sentliziyo esingaqhelekanga ("I-Heart Murmur" eviwa ngugqirha xa emamele nge "stethoscope").
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla (i-Dyspnea).
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza (iTachycardia).

Ukongeza koku, ezinye iimpawu zingabonakala:

• Igazi kumchamo (iHematuria).
• Ukugodola.
• Ukudinwa.
• `(Izilonda zikaJaneway)`: Amabala abomvu, angenabuhlungu avela ezintendeni zezandla nasezinyaweni zeenyawo.
• Intlungu Yamalungu.
• Ukulahlekelwa ngumdla wokutya kunye nokuncipha komzimba ngendlela engachazekiyo.
• Umkhuhlane ongapheliyo ongaphantsi komgangatho onokuthi ungafumaneki sizathu sawo.
• Intlungu yemisipha.
• Ukubila kakhulu ebusuku (Ukubila ebusuku).
• Amaqhuqhuva e-Osler: Amaqhuqhuva abuhlungu avela ezandleni nasezinyaweni.
• Ukuphuma kwegazi okuqhekekileyo: Amabala amancinci afana negazi abonakala phantsi kweenzipho.
• Ukopha kwegazi okungaphantsi kwe-conjunctival: Ukubonakala kwegazi kumhlophe weliso.
• Ukudumba esiswini okanye emzimbeni ongezantsi.

Ezi mpawu zinokuvela ngequbuliso okanye kancinci kancinci. Ngamanye amaxesha ezi mpawu zinokubonakala ngathi ngumkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba uzazi ezi mpawu, ingakumbi ukuba unesifo sentliziyo.

Sifunyaniswa njani esi sifo? Benza ntoni oogqirha?

Ukuxilongwa kuqala ngeempawu zakho kunye nembali yezonyango. Ukuba ukhe waba nesifo sentliziyo ngaphambili kwaye unomkhuhlane ngaphandle kwesizathu, loo nto iyinto enkulu onokuyicinga. Kwakhona, ukuba unezinye iimpawu ezinxulumene nesifo `(Infective Endocarditis)`, kunokuvela ukungaqiniseki. Nangona kunjalo, ukuze wazi ngokuqinisekileyo, kufuneka uhlolwe.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo eziza kwenziwa?

• Uvavanyo lweNkcubeko yeeBhaktheriya: Oku kunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba kukho iibhaktheriya egazini, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, loluphi uhlobo.
• Ukongeza, ezinye iimvavanyo zinokufuneka ukuze kucetywe unyango. Ezi ziquka:
• Uvavanyo lwe-Antibody Serology: Oku kunokuqinisekisa uhlobo oluchanekileyo lwebhaktheriya ekhoyo egazini.
• Uvavanyo lwentliziyo `(Echocardiogram)`: Oku kunokujonga imeko yeevalvu zentliziyo, nokuba kukho iikholoni zebhaktheriya ezibizwa ngokuba yi`(Imifuno)`, kunye nokuba zinkulu kangakanani. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ze`(Echocardiogram)`:
• I-Transthoracic Echocardiogram (TTE): Olu luvavanyo oludla ngokwenziwa kumphezulu wesifuba.
• I-Transesophageal Echocardiogram (TEE): Oku kuquka ukufaka iprobe encinci entanyeni uze uskene indawo ekufutshane nentliziyo. Oku kunokuvelisa imifanekiso ecacileyo kune-TTE.

Luluphi unyango olukhoyo koku?

Unyango oluphambili lwe-infective endocarditis zii -antibiotics. Ii-antibiotics ze-broad-spectrum zihlala zinikwa kuqala. Ezi zinokunceda ekunciphiseni iimpawu, kodwa zisenokunganeli ukususa ngokupheleleyo usulelo.

Nje ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-"Antibody Serology Test" olukhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla zibuye, oogqirha baya kukutshintshela kwi-"Targeted Antibiotic" ejolise kuhlobo oluthile lwebhaktheriya egazini lakho. Olu nyango lunokufuneka lunikwe ngemithambo yegazi (IV) kangangeeveki ezine ukuya kwezintandathu. Oku kunokuthetha ukuhlala esibhedlele.

Ngaba kuya kufuneka ndityandwe?

Ukuba iikholoni zeebhaktheriya, okanye `(Imifuno)` zincinci, amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kuphela anokwanela. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ezi `(Imifuno)` zinkulu, utyando (Infective Endocarditis Surgery) lunokufuneka ukuze zisuswe kwaye kutshintshwe iivalvu ezonakeleyo.

Kwakhona, ukuba ezi `(Izityalo)` zisasazeka kwizicwili ezingqongileyo, utyando lunokufuneka. Kwezinye iimeko ezinzima, kungangcono ukwenza utyando ngaphambi kokuba uqale amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane. Nangona kunjalo, abaphandi basafunda iimeko apho utyando lufanelekile khona ngaphambi kwamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane.

Ndingayithintela njani le nto ukuba ingenzeki? Ukuthintela yeyona nto ilungileyo!

Ngaphambili, abantu ababesengozini yokufumana i-"Infective Endocarditis" babenikwa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane yonke imihla. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela ngoku itshintshiwe kuba yandisa umngcipheko wokufumana iintsholongwane ezinganyangekiyo kumayeza okubulala iintsholongwane.

Oogqirha ngoku banika amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane exesha elifutshane ngaphambi kweenkqubo ezithile zonyango, ezifana neenkqubo zamazinyo. Amayeza okuthintela asetyenziswa kuphela kubantu abasengozini enkulu yokufumana i-endocarditis ethelelekileyo, njengabantu abaneevalvu zentliziyo ezenziwe ngokufakelwa.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukunyamekela impilo yomlomo wakho kunye namazinyo akho. Ukuxubha amazinyo akho kakuhle kabini ngemini kunye nokusebenzisa i-dental floss kubaluleke kakhulu.

Zithini amathuba okunyanga esi sifo?

Ukuba ayifunyaniswanga kwangethuba kwaye inyangwe ngee-antibiotics ezikhawulezayo nezinamandla, amathuba okuchacha kwesi sifo mancinci. Oko kukuthi, ukuba unyango luhlala ixesha elide, kokukhona imeko inokuba mandundu ngakumbi. Ukuba inyangwa ngokukhawuleza nangendlela efanelekileyo, amathuba okusinda aphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ziyavela, ixesha lokuchacha linokwandiswa.

Buza kuba njani ubomi emva kokuba umntu enesifo sentliziyo esibizwa ngokuba yi-`(Infective Endocarditis)`?

Ukuba wakha waba ne-Infective Endocarditis, usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba nayo kwakhona. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, kukho izinto onokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho:

• Ibhrashi kunye nefloss kabini ngemini. Impilo yomlomo yeyona nto ibalulekileyo.
• Thetha nomntu wonke, kuquka oogqirha bakho kunye nogqirha wamazinyo, malunga nomngcipheko wakho wokuba `(Infective Endocarditis)`. Bagcine benolwazi ngaloo nto.
• Ugqirha wamazinyo makacoce amazinyo akho rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintandathu.
• Ukuba unesifo sevalvu yentliziyo, landela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngononophelo ukuze uthintele ukuba iimpawu zakho zingabi mbi.

I-infective endocarditis lusulelo lwebhaktiriya olukwi-membrane yevalvu yentliziyo yakho. Nangona le yimeko engaqhelekanga, kunokuba nzima ukuyinyanga. Nangona kunjalo, kunokwenzeka ukuba uphile. Ukuba usemngciphekweni, kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukuvezwa kwakho kwiibhaktiriya. Ungakwenza oku ngokunyamekela amazinyo akho neentsini zakho kakuhle. Ukuba uza kwenziwa utyando lwezonyango, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga neendlela zokuzikhusela.

Ngoko ke, zeziphi izinto esifanele sizikhumbule kweli bali?

Kulungile, sithethe kakhulu nge-`(Infective Endocarditis)` ngoku. Okokugqibela, nazi izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule:

* `(Infective Endocarditis)` lusulelo olubi kakhulu lwengaphakathi lentliziyo okanye iivalvu zayo.

* Nangona oku kungaqhelekanga, kufanele kunyangwe ngokukhawuleza ukuba kuyenzeka.

* Ucoceko lomlomo namazinyo lubaluleke kakhulu! Ungalibali ukuxubha nokuthambisa amazinyo akho yonke imihla.

* Ukuba unesifo sentliziyo, qaphela ngakumbi iimpawu ezinje ngomkhuhlane kunye nokudinwa.

* Ngaphambi kokuba naluphi na unyango, yazisa ugqirha wakho ukuba usengozini ye-`(Infective Endocarditis)`.

* Musa ukoyika, kodwa qaphela. Ukuba ifunyenwe kwangethuba, inganyangwa ngempumelelo.

Ukuba unemibuzo engaphezulu malunga noku, buza ugqirha wosapho lwakho okanye ingcali yentliziyo. Intliziyo ephilileyo ibalulekile kuye wonke umntu!

Isifo sentliziyo , usulelo lwentliziyo, i-endocarditis, usulelo lweebhaktheriya, iivalvu zentliziyo, iimpawu, unyango