Ingaba unale ngxaki ngemiphunga yakho? Masifunde nge-Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD)!

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva uphelelwa ngumoya? Okanye ukhwehlela okomileyo okungapheliyo? Okanye uziva ubuthathaka xa uzibhokoxa? Ezi zisenokungabi kukudinwa nje kuphela. Zisenokuba ziimpawu zesifo esiza kuthetha ngaso namhlanje esibizwa ngokuba yi-"Interstitial Lung Disease" ("ILD"). Ungakhathazeki, siza kuthetha ngale nto ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni i-Interstitial Lung Disease?

Ngamafutshane, isifo semiphunga esiphakathi kwemithambo (ILD) asisosifo sinye. Siliqela lezifo. Enyanisweni, kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-200. Ezi zifo zibangela ukuba izicubu ezithambileyo ngaphakathi kwemiphunga yakho ( i-interstitium ) zivuvuke, zenzakale, kwaye zibe namanxeba. Ngoku usenokuba ubuza, "Yintoni le interstitium?" Cinga ngayo ngathi imiphunga yethu yenziwe ziibhaluni ezincinci (ezibizwa ngokuba yi -alveoli ). I-interstitium sisicwili esithambileyo phakathi kwezi ngxowa zomoya kunye nemithambo yegazi ezijikelezileyo. Xa siphefumla, ioksijini ithathwa ize ikhutshwe egazini ngezi ngxowa zomoya. Ngoko ke, kwi-ILD, ezi zicubu zibalulekileyo zonakele, ngoko ioksijini ayingeni emzimbeni ngokufanelekileyo.

I-'ILD' ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-'Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease (DPLD).' Nangona kunjalo, igama elithi 'ILD' lelona lisetyenziswa kakhulu.

Kwenzeka ntoni emzimbeni xa `ILD` ikhula?

Ukuba une-ILD, iindawo zemiphunga yakho eziqokelela ioksijini egazini lakho zize ziyithumele emzimbeni wakho wonke ziyakonakala. Ezi zicwili ziba namanxeba (ezibizwa ngokuba yi-fibrosis ), nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuphefumla. Usenokuba nokukhwehlela okungapheliyo nokomileyo. Usenokuziva udiniwe ngalo lonke ixesha kuba umzimba wakho awufumani ioksijini eyaneleyo.

Ukuba lo monakalo uyaqhubeka nokwanda, unokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinokuba yingozi ebomini ngamanye amaxesha. Umzekelo, usulelo lwemiphunga kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kokuphefumla (apho umzimba ungafumani ioksijini eyaneleyo okanye ufumana ikharbon diokside eninzi).

Zeziphi iintlobo ze-'ILD' ezikhoyo?

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-200 ze-'ILD'. Enye yezona zixhaphakileyo yi-'Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis '. Ukongeza, i-'ILD' inokubangelwa zizinto ezikwindawo esisebenza kuyo (ukuvezwa emsebenzini) okanye iingxaki zezicubu ezidityanisiweyo. Eminye imizekelo yile:

• I-Asbestosis
• I-Silicosis
• I-Radiation Pneumonitis
• I-Pneumonia Yangaphakathi Engangqalanga

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-'Interstitial Lung Disease' (ILD) kunye ne-'Pulmonary Fibrosis'?

Le yinto edida abantu abaninzi. I-Pulmonary fibrosisI-Pulmonary Fibrosis (i-Pulmonary Fibrosis) luhlobo lwe-ILD. Oko kukuthi, ayizizo zonke ii-ILD ezizi-pulmonary fibrosis. I-Pulmonary fibrosis kukwakheka kwamanxeba emiphungeni. Nangona olu xinzelelo luphawu oluphambili kwezinye ii-ILD, ukudumba kusenokuba lolona phawu luphambili kwezinye ii-ILD.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuba ne-'ILD'?

Usenokuba namathuba amaninzi okuba ne-ILD ukuba:

• Ukuba uneminyaka engaphezu kwama-70 ubudala.
• Ukuba uyindoda. (Nabafazi banokuyifumana, kodwa ixhaphake kakhulu kumadoda)
• Ukuba utshaya okanye ukhe watshaya ngaphambili.
• Ukuba ukhe waba nezifo ezithile ngaphambili, umzekelo, iHepatitis C, iTuberculosis, iPneumonia, iCOPD, okanye iConnective Tissue Disease.
• Ukuba uphefumla izinto eziyingozi kwimiphunga yakho ngenxa yomsebenzi wakho okanye indawo ohlala kuyo . Imizekelo: i-asbestos, i-silica, ii-molds, i-fungi, okanye iibhaktheriya.
• Ukuba ukhe wanyangwa ngemisebe esifubeni sakho .

Ibaluleke kangakanani i-'ILD'?

Ngenxa yokuba kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-'ILD', ubukhali be-'ILD' obuvela kumntu ngamnye buyahluka. Ezinye zinokuba buthathaka, kodwa ezinye zinokuba yingozi kakhulu. Okubalulekileyo kukuba, umonakalo emiphungeni obangelwa ziintlobo ezininzi ze-'ILD' 'awunakuguqulwa'. Oku kuthetha ukuba kunzima ukulungisa izicwili ezonakeleyo. Ezinye iintlobo ezinzima ze-'ILD' ziya ziba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha ('eziqhubekayo').

Zithini iimpawu ze-'ILD'?

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-ILD zezi:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumla (ukuphelelwa ngamandla): Oku kunokuba mandundu, ingakumbi xa usenza umthambo okanye xa usebenza nzima.
• Ukukhwehlela okomileyo (ukukhwehlela okungenamqala).
• Ndiziva ndidiniwe kakhulu (ndidiniwe).
• Ukungakhululeki esifubeni okanye iintlungu.

Ezi mpawu zisenokungabi nzima ekuqaleni, kodwa zinokuba mandundu kancinci kancinci ngokuhamba kweenyanga okanye iminyaka. Ezinye iimpawu zinokuvela, kuxhomekeke kwisizathu esibangela i-ILD.

Zithini izizathu ze-'ILD'?

Izizathu ze-ILD zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini eziphambili: izizathu ezichongiweyo kunye nezizathu ezingachongwanga .

Izizathu ezaziwayo

Oku kuthetha ukuba i-ILD ikhula ngenxa yesinye isifo osele unaso, okanye ngenxa yamayeza athile owasebenzisayo, unyango lwemitha, okanye ukuvezwa kwizinto eziyingozi kwindalo esingqongileyo.

Ezinye zezizathu eziphambili ezichongiweyo:

• Isifo se-Connective Tissue: Imizekelo ibandakanya izifo ezifana ne-Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), i-Lupus, kunye ne-Scleroderma.
• Isifo seGranulomatous: Umzekelo yi-sarcoidosis.
• Ukuphefumla izinto ezithile: izinto ezifana ne-asbestos, i-silica, icuba, kunye ne-beryllium.
• Ukunganyamezelani nokuphefumla (i-Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis): Le meko inokubangelwa kukuphefumla izinto ezifana nokungunda, ifungi, iibhaktheriya, iintsiba zeentaka, okanye amasuntswana amancinci enkunkuma yeentaka.
• Amayeza athile okanye unyango: Umzekelo, amayeza anjenge-amiodarone, i-nitrofurantoin, i-methotrexate, kunye nonyango lwemitha.

Izizathu Ezingaziwayo (`Izizathu Ezingaziwayo` okanye `Idiopathic`)

Ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha abakwazi ukufumana unobangela ochanekileyo we-ILD. Oku kuthetha ukuba uba ne-ILD ngaphandle kweminye imeko yezonyango okanye ukuvezwa kuyo nayiphi na into eyingozi. Le pneumonia siyibiza ngokuba yi -idiopathic interstitial pneumonia . Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-ILD. Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwe-ILD, apho kungekho sizathu sifumaneka khona, yi -idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis .

Ungayixilonga njani i-ILD? (Ukuxilongwa)

Ugqirha wakho uza kulandela amanyathelo aliqela ukuze axilonge i-ILD. Okokuqala, uza kukuhlola, amamele imiphunga yakho aze ajonge naziphi na izandi ezingaqhelekanga (ezifana nokuqhekeka). Emva koko baza kukubuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Imbali yakho epheleleyo yezonyango kunye nezinye iimeko zonyango ezikhoyo.
• Malunga namayeza owasebenzisayo ngoku okanye owakhe wawasebenzisa ngaphambili .
• Ngaba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onezi zifo okanye izifo zezicubu ezidityanisiweyo?
• Nokuba umsebenzi wakho okanye izinto ozithandayo zikubangela ukuba ube neengxaki zobomi .

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezisetyenziswayo ukuxilonga i-'ILD'?

Ukuba ugqirha urhanela ukuba une-ILD, angenza olu vavanyo lulandelayo:

• Uvavanyo Lokusebenza Kwemiphunga (ii-PFT): Olu luvavanyo lokuphefumla oluhlala luqhutywa, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha lunokubandakanya uvavanyo lwegazi okanye uvavanyo lokuzilolonga. Olu vavanyo lujonga ukuba imiphunga yakho isebenza kakuhle kangakanani na.
• Uvavanyo lweMifanekiso: Kuthathwa i-X-ray yesifuba okanye i-CT scan enesisombululo esiphezulu (HRCT) ukujonga imeko yemiphunga. I-HRCT inokubona iinkcukacha ezincinci kakhulu.
• Uvavanyo lweGazi: Isampuli yegazi ethathwe engalweni yakho iyavavanywa ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho naziphi na izizathu ezaziwayo (umz., izifo zezicubu ezidityanisiweyo) ezinokubangela i-ILD.
• I-Bronchoscopy:Oku kuquka ukudlulisa ityhubhu encinci, efakwe ikhamera (i-'bronchoscope') ngempumlo okanye emlonyeni wakho iye emiphungeni yakho ukuze kuhlolwe iindlela zakho zomoya. Ngamanye amaxesha isampuli yeeseli ('ilavage') ingathathwa emiphungeni yakho.
• I-Biopsy: Kwezinye iimeko, iqhekeza elincinci lesicubu lithathwa emphungeni lize lihlolwe nge-microscope. Oku kunokunceda ekuchongeni uhlobo oluchanekileyo lwe-ILD. I-biopsy ingenziwa nge-bronchoscopy okanye ngotyando oluncinci (i-surgical lung biopsy).

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ze-'ILD'?

Okubuhlungu kukuba, akukho nyango lunokunyanga ngokupheleleyo i-'ILD'.

Kodwa ungalahli ithemba. Unyango lujolise ekunyangeni imeko ebangela i-ILD, ukulawula iimpawu, kunye nokucothisa ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo. Ugqirha wakho unokukunika unyango lomzimba, ioksijini eyongezelelweyo, okanye amayeza okunciphisa ukudumba emiphungeni yakho okanye ukulawula amanxeba.

Ngawaphi amayeza kunye nonyango olusetyenziswa kwi-'ILD'?

• IiCorticosteroids: Amayeza afana ne-prednisone anceda ekunciphiseni ukudumba emiphungeni.
• Amayeza alwa ne-fibrotic kunye ne-Cytotoxic: La mayeza anokunciphisa izinga lokuqhekeka kwamanxeba emiphungeni. Imizekelo: Azathioprine, Cyclophosphamide, Pirfenidone, Nintedanib.
• Amayeza eBiologic: Amayeza afana neRituximab asetyenziselwa ukunyanga ezinye izifo ezihlasela amajoni omzimba kunye nezinye iimeko ezibangela i-ILD.
• Unyango lwe-GERD: Ukuba unesifo se-gastroesophageal reflux (GERD), sinokuba mandundu ngakumbi isifo se-ILD. Ke ngoko, unokunikwa amayeza okulawula i-asidi yesisu.
• Ukuvuselelwa Kwemiphunga: Le yinkqubo ekhethekileyo yokuzilolonga kunye neyokufundisa. Ukuzilolonga kokuphefumla kunye nokuzilolonga komzimba kunceda ukuqinisa imiphunga yakho kwaye kwenze kube lula ukuphefumla.
• Unyango lwe-oksijini: Ukuba igazi okanye izicubu zakho azifumani ioksijini eyaneleyo, ugqirha wakho unokukunika ioksijini eyongezelelweyo. Le inikwa nge-cannula yempumlo okanye imaski yobuso.
• Ukufakelwa Kwemiphunga: Kubantu abane-ILD enzima kakhulu, ukufakelwa imiphunga kunokuba yindlela yokugqibela.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango

Ezinye iindlela zonyango ze-ILD (ingakumbi ii-corticosteroids kunye namayeza e-cytotoxic) zinokwenza buthathaka amasosha omzimba wakho. Ke ngoko, ugqirha wakho uza kukujonga rhoqo aze ajonge iingxaki ezinokubakho.

Ngaba i-ILD ingathintelwa?

Kunzima ukuthintela iintlobo ezininzi ze-ILD. Nangona kunjalo, ungenza oku kulandelayo ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokuba ne-ILD:

• Lawula naziphi na iimeko zempilo osele unazo (umz., izifo zezicubu ezidityanisiweyo).
• Kuphephe ukuphefumla izinto eziyingozi emiphungeni.
• Ukuba usebenza kwiindawo apho kukho i-asbestos, uthuli lwesinyithi, okanye iikhemikhali, nxiba isixhobo sokuphefumla esifanelekileyo (imaski ehluza amasuntswana emoyeni).
• Iingxaki zokunganyamezelani ixesha elide zinokubangelwa zizinto ezifana nengca, iinkozo, indle yeentaka okanye iintsiba, kunye neenkqubo zokufudumeza nokupholisa. Nxiba isixhobo sokuphefumla xa usebenza ngezi zinto.
• Ukuba unesifo esifana nesifo sezicubu ezidityanisiweyo okanye i-sarcoidosis, thetha nogqirha wakho ngeendlela zokuthintela i-ILD.
• Ukuba uyatshaya, yeka ngokuqinisekileyo. Ukuba awutshayi, musa ukuqala.

Ikamva limphathele ntoni umntu one-'ILD'?

Ukuba une-ILD, wena nogqirha wakho niza kusebenzisana ukufumanisa indlela yokulawula imeko yakho, kuxhomekeke kwisizathu se-ILD. Umzekelo, ukuba i-ILD yakho ibangelwa ngumsebenzi wakho okanye yi-allergy (hypersensitivity pneumonitis), kunokufuneka uyeke ukusebenza nento ebangela i-ILD okanye uthathe amanyathelo okhuseleko akhethekileyo.

Nangona amayeza enokunciphisa ukudumba, amanxeba ayenzeka emiphungeni ngenxa ye-ILD ahlala ehleli. Oku kuthetha ukuba umonakalo awunakuguqulwa. Ukuba unesifo esifihlakeleyo, ukusilawula kakuhle kunokunceda ukuthintela umonakalo ongakumbi. Ukuba une-ILD engafumanekiyo sizathu (idiopathic), ugqirha wakho uya kunyanga iimpawu zakho aze azame ukuthintela umonakalo ongakumbi.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ze-'ILD'?

Ukuba i-ILD iba nkulu, iingxaki ezisongela ubomi zinokuvela, ezinje ngezi:

• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu lwemiphunga
• Umphunga Owileyo (iPneumothorax)
• Usulelo lweMiphunga
• Ukungaphumeleli kokuphefumla
• Umhlaza wemiphunga

Ingakanani iminyaka yobomi bomntu one-'ILD'?

Lo ngumbuzo abantu abaninzi abawubuzayo. Ubungakanani bobomi bomntu one-'ILD' buxhomekeke kwisizathu se-'ILD' kunye nobunzima bayo. Abanye abantu banokuphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo ngaphandle konyango okanye ngonyango oluncinci ukuba 'ILD' yabo ayibi mandundu. Ukuba isifo sakho asibi mandundu (oko kukuthi, ukuba 'sizinzile'), imbonakalo ('prognosis') ilungile.

Nangona kunjalo, kwabo baneentlobo ze-'ILD' ezibi kakhulu neziya zisiba mandundu ngokukhawuleza, ixesha lokuphila emva kokufunyaniswa kwesi sifo linokuba lifutshane njengeminyaka emi-3-5. Musa ukothuka zezi zibalo. Oku kwahlukile kumntu ngamnye.

Ndingazinyamekela njani ukuba ndine-'ILD'?

Ukuba ufunyaniswe une-ILD, eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzinyamekela kukusebenza nogqirha wakho ukuze kwenziwe isicwangciso sokulawula iimpawu zakho nokuthintela umonakalo ongakumbi.

• Nyanga naziphi na iimeko ezingaphantsi ezinokubangela i-ILD.
• Lawula izinto ezinokwenza i-ILD ibe mandundu (umz., i-GERD).
• Ukuba usebenza ngezinto ezonakalisa imiphunga okanye ezibangela ukunganyamezelani ixesha elide, kufuneka uthathe amanyathelo okhuseleko akhethekileyo.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza ukuba unezi mpawu:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumla buyanda kancinci kancinci.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla ngexesha lokuzilolonga.
• Ukukhohlela okomileyo okungapheliyo.

Ukuba unyango lwe-ILD lukhawuleziwe, kokukhona iziphumo ziya kuba ngcono.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Ungalibali ukubuza le mibuzo xa ubona ugqirha wakho:

• Kutheni ndifumene esi sifo?
• Ziziphi iindlela zonyango endinazo?
• Ngaba le meko iza kuba mandundu?
• Ngaba umonakalo kwimiphunga ungancitshiswa?
• Zeziphi iinguqu endinokuzenza ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi bam?

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-ILD. Ezinye zincinci, ezinye zimbi kakhulu. Ungabona izibalo ezoyikisayo kwi-intanethi, kodwa ngugqirha wakho kuphela onokukuxelela ngqo ukuba imeko yakho injani. Thetha ngokunyaniseka nogqirha wakho kwaye ufumane ukuqonda okucacileyo kolindelo lwakho. Kunye, wena nogqirha wakho ninokwenza isicwangciso sokulawula iimpawu zakho kwaye niphile ubomi obusemgangathweni kangangoko.

Masikhumbule ezona zinto zibalulekileyo (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

• I-'ILD' liqela lezifo ezonakalisa izicwili ezibuthathaka zemiphunga, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuphefumla.
• Ukukhohlela okomileyo, ubunzima bokuphefumla, kunye nokudinwa zezona mpawu ziphambili.
• Zininzi izizathu, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha azifumaneki sizathu.
• Nangona kungekho nyango lupheleleyo, kukho unyango lokulawula iimpawu nokuthintela isifo ukuba singabi mandundu.
• Kubalulekile ukuphepha ukutshaya, ukuphepha ukuphefumla izinto eziyingozi, kunye nokulawula iimeko zempilo ezibangela oko.
• Ukuba uneempawu, ungoyiki kwaye ufune ingcebiso kugqirha. Ukuxilongwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nonyango kubaluleke kakhulu.

Siyathemba ukuba olu lwazi uza kulufumana luluncedo. Hlala usempilweni!

isifo semiphunga esingaphakathi kwesisu, i-ILD, isifo semiphunga, ingxaki yokuphefumla, ukukhwehlela okomileyo, i-pulmonary fibrosis, amanxeba emiphungeni, iimpawu zokuphefumla