Usenokuba ukhe wambona, okanye weva, umntu enikwa 'isaline' esibhedlele. I-cannula ifakwa engalweni, kwaye ulwelo lufakwa emzimbeni oluvela kwibhegi exhonywe kwindawo ephakamileyo. Abantu abaninzi bayoyika kancinci oku, kwaye abanye bacinga ukuba oku yinto enikwa kuphela izifo ezinzulu. Zithini kanye kanye ezi fluids ze-IV, okanye i-saline esiyaziyo sonke? Inikwa phantsi kweziphi iimeko? Masithethe ngale nto ngokulula nangokucacileyo.
Kutheni sifuna ii-IV Fluids?
Ngamafutshane, ulwelo lwe-IV (elufakwa emthanjeni) lulwelo olukhethekileyo olunikwa umzimba ngomthambo. Isizathu esiphambili sokulunika kukuthintela okanye ukunyanga ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni , apho amanzi omzimba kunye neetyuwa ezibalulekileyo ziba sezantsi ngendlela eyingozi.
Imizimba yethu yenziwe ngamanzi angama-60%. Khawucinge ukuba bekuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba la manzi ayehla. Amanzi abalulekile kwiseli nganye nakwilungu ngalinye lomzimba. Kwimeko apho umntu engakwazi ukugcina amanqanaba amanzi afunekayo ngokusela amanzi ngomlomo, ulwelo lwe-IV luba yimfuneko.
| Iimeko eziphambili apho kufuneka khona ii-IV Fluids | |
|---|---|
| Ukugula kakhulu | Xa uhlanza kakhulu kwaye urhuda , ulwelo oluninzi luphuma ngokukhawuleza emzimbeni. Ngamaxesha anjalo, izinto ezithathwa ngomlomo azifunxwa ngumzimba. |
| Ukuzilolonga kunye nobushushu obugqithisileyo | Xa ungaseli manzi aneleyo, ungazilolongi kakhulu, okanye ubekwe elangeni elinamandla, amanzi amaninzi aphuma emzimbeni ngenxa yokubila. |
| Ukulimala okanye ukutsha okunzulu | Kwiimeko ezinjalo, umzimba unokulahlekelwa lulwelo oluninzi. |
| Utyando | Ingakumbi xa kutyandwa phantsi kwe-anesthesia (kulaliswa), kunikwa ulwelo lwe-IV kuba isigulane asikwazi ukutya okanye ukusela kwaye sifuna ulwelo ngexesha lotyando. |
Iziphumo kunye neempawu zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni
Xa umzimba uphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, oku kunokuchaphazela izinto ezininzi.
- Ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi ye-electrolyte emzimbeni.
- Ukuncipha kokusebenza kwengqondo kunye nokukhubazeka kwememori.
- Ukuphelelwa ngamandla, ukuziva udiniwe ngalo lonke ixesha.
- Ukungagaywa kakuhle kokutya kunye nokuhamba kwamathumbu.
- Ukwanda rhoqo kunye nokuqina kweentloko ezibuhlungu.
- Ukonakala kwamalungu omzimba abalulekileyo afana nezintso, intliziyo , nengqondo.
- Ubuthathaka kwimisebenzi yomzimba.
- Ukuwohloka kwempilo yolusu.
Ngoku, ezi zezona mpawu zixhaphakileyo zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni. Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza.
| Uphawu | Indlela oziva/obonakala ngayo |
|---|---|
| Isiyezi | Ukuziva unesizungu xa umi okanye uvuka. |
| Amehlo omileyo | Ukuziva ukoma emehlweni kangangokuba iinyembezi aziphumi nokuba ulila. |
| Imilebe nolwimi olomileyo | Ukungabikho kwamathe, imilebe eqhekekileyo, nolwimi olomileyo. |
| Ulusu olomileyo | Ulusu luyoma, lube nemibimbi, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kuvela amabala eluswini. |
| Ukudinwa | Ndiziva ndidiniwe kakhulu nangona ndingenzanga msebenzi. |
| Ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza | Izinga lokuphefumla liphezulu kunesiqhelo. |
| Izandla neenyawo ezibandayo | Ukuziva ubanda xa uchukumisa izandla neenyawo. |
| Ukuncipha kokuchama | Ukuchama ngaphantsi kwezihlandlo ezine ngemini kwaye umchamo ophumayo unombala otyheli obumnyama. |
Ziziphi iintlobo ze-IV fluids?
Ugqirha wakho uza kugqiba ukuba loluphi uhlobo lolwelo lwe-IV olufunayo. Luya kwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili.
Izisombululo zeCrystalloid
Ezi zezona zisetyenziswa rhoqo. Amasuntswana amancinci kwezi zinto zimanzi adlula ngokulula egazini lethu aye kwiiseli zethu.
- Ityuwa eqhelekileyo : Le yinto sonke esiyaziyo ngokuba yi-'saline'. Ngamafutshane, iqulethe amanzi kunye netyuwa ( i-sodium chloride).
- I-D5W: Oku kuqulethe i-dextrose, uhlobo lweswekile, kunye namanzi.
- I-Ringer's eLactated: Le iqulethe i-sodium, i-chloride, i-potassium, i-calcium, kunye ne-lactate. Isetyenziswa xa kufuneka kunikwe umzimba ulwelo oluninzi ngokukhawuleza.
Izisombululo zeColloid
Ezi ziingceba ezinkulu kakhulu. Azingeni lula kwiiseli kwaye zihlala zisegazini. I-Albumin kunye ne-hetastarch zimizekelo yoku.
Kwenzeka ntoni xa kufakwa i-IV?
Le nkqubo yenziwa ngugqirha okanye umongikazi oqeqeshiweyo. Yinkqubo ethatha ixesha elincinci kakhulu.
1. Okokuqala, simisela uhlobo kunye nobungakanani bolwelo lwe-IV olufunekayo ngokusekwe kubunzima bakho, ubudala, kunye nemeko yempilo.
2. Okulandelayo, indawo apho i-cannula iza kufakwa khona (ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphakathi kwengqiniba okanye ingalo engentla) icocwa kakuhle ngesisombululo se-antiseptic .
3. Ingalo engasentla ibotshelelwe ngebhanti yelastiki (i-tourniquet) ukuze iveze umthambo.
4. Kukhethwa umthambo ofanelekileyo kwaye kufakwa i-cannula ecociweyo (ityhubhu encinci yeplastiki enenaliti) kuyo. Kule ndawo , uya kuziva uhlatywa kancinci, kodwa kuya kuba lixesha elifutshane kuphela.
5. Nje ukuba i-cannula ifakwe emthanjeni, i-elastic band iyasuswa.
6. I-cannula ibotshelelwe engalweni ngeplasta ukuze ingashukumi.
7. Emva koko, ityhubhu ende eqhagamshelwe kwingxowa yolwelo lwe-IV iqhagamshelwe kwi-cannula.
8. Ingxowa yolwelo lwe-IV ixhonywa kwindawo ende (i-IV stand), kwaye ulwelo lunyanzelwa emzimbeni ngesantya esimiselweyo ngomatshini wokupompa okanye ngomxhuzulane.
9. Abasebenzi bezonyango bahlala beyijonga le nkqubo.
Ukuba uvakalelwa kukuba izinga lokuhamba kwamanzi liphezulu kakhulu/liphantsi kakhulu ngelixa i-IV ikwindawo, ukuba i-cannula ibuhlungu, ukuba i-cannula ibonakala ikhululekile, ukuba unentloko ebuhlungu, okanye ukuba unengxaki yokuphefumla, xelela ugqirha wakho okanye umongikazi ngokukhawuleza.
Zithini iingenelo kunye neengozi zoku?
Ukubuyisela amanzi emzimbeni nge-IV, okanye ukunika ulwelo emthanjeni, yindlela eqhelekileyo, elula, nekhuselekileyo. Ikwabonelela ngoncedo olukhawulezileyo. Inokunceda nasekusindiseni ubomi bomntu ogula kakhulu.
Nangona kunjalo, kukho iingxaki ezithile ezinokwenzeka rhoqo. Akukho mfuneko yokukhathazeka ngezi zinto, kodwa kulungile ukuzazi.
| Ingxaki | Ithetha ntoni le nto? |
|---|---|
| Ukubhajwa komoya | Umoya ungena emthanjeni ngomgca we-IV. Oku kunqabile kakhulu, kodwa kunokuba yingozi. |
| Umthambo Oqhekekileyo | Umthambo ungavaleka xa i-cannula ifakwa okanye ishiywe endaweni yayo ixesha elide. Kwimeko enjalo, abasebenzi bezonyango baza kusebenzisa umthambo owahlukileyo. |
| Ubunzima bokugcwala kolwelo | Ukusela ulwelo oluninzi ngokukhawuleza kunokubangela iintloko ezibuhlungu, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla. Oku kungathintelwa ngokulungisa amanqanaba olwelo. |
| Ihlwili legazi (iHematoma) | Ukuvuza kwegazi eliphuma emthanjeni lisiya kwizicwili ezijikelezileyo. Libonakala ngathi linxeba kwaye liyaphola kwiiveki ezimbalwa. |
| Usulelo | Iintsholongwane zinokwenzeka ukuba indawo efakwe kuyo i-cannula ayicocwanga kakuhle. Ii-antibiotics zinokuzinyanga. |
| Ukuvuza kolwelo (Ukungena ngaphakathi) | Ulwelo lunokuvuza luphume emthanjeni luye kwizicwili ngenxa yokushukuma kwe-cannula. Iintlungu ezincinci kunye nokukrweleka zinokwenzeka kodwa zilungiswa lula. |
| I-Phlebitis (ukudumba komthambo) | I-IV ibangela ukudumba komthambo. Oku kuqhelekile kwaye kunokunyangeka ngokususa i-cannula, ukufaka ubushushu, nokuphakamisa ingalo. |
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ii-IV fluids, okanye 'i-saline', lunyango olunikezelwa ikakhulu xa umzimba ungenamanzi kunye neetyuwa (ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni).
- Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni asinto ithathwa lula. Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezinzima zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza.
- Ukunika ulwelo nge-IV yinkqubo ekhuselekileyo kakhulu eyenziwa rhoqo ezibhedlele. Musa ukuyoyika ngokungeyomfuneko.
- Uhlobo kunye nobungakanani bolwelo lwe-IV olufunekayo luya kugqitywa ngugqirha wakho emva kokuhlola imeko yakho yempilo.
- Ukuba uziva ungakhululekanga ngelixa i-IV ikwindawo, yazisa ugqirha okanye umongikazi ngokukhawuleza.
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