Masifunde ngqo malunga nokunganyamezelani kokutya.

Ngaba wakha waphawula ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho ufumana ukungakhululeki okwahlukeneyo xa usitya ukutya okuthile? Ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba kukurhawuzelela nje, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba nzima ngakumbi, ukuya kubunzima bokuphefumla . Ngoko ke namhlanje sithetha ngale aleji yokutya, oko kukuthi, aleji yokutya . Yintoni kanye kanye, kutheni isenzeka, zithini iimpawu, sinokuzikhusela njani kuyo, kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi, siza kuthetha ngayo ngendlela elula onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni i-allergy yokutya?

Amaxesha amaninzi, abantwana abancinci badla ngokuba nezi aleji zokutya. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abadala banokuba nale meko nangaliphi na ixesha, nokuba abazange babe neengxaki ngaphambili. Ngamafutshane, i aleji yokutya yimpazamo encinci kwinkqubo yomzimba yethu yokuzikhusela.

Khawucinge nje, inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba ifana nomkhosi wokhuselo kwilizwe lethu. Isikhusela kwiintsholongwane nezifo ezivela ngaphandle. Ikwenza njani oko? Ivelisa iindawo ezikhethekileyo ezifana nezomkhosi ezibizwa ngokuba zii-antibodies . Ezi antibodies zilwa neebhaktheriya eziyingozi kunye neentsholongwane emizimbeni yethu kwaye zisigcina sisempilweni.

Kodwa, ukuba une-allergy yokutya, inkqubo yakho yomzimba iphazama into ethile ekutyeni okuthile, njengeproteni engenabungozi emzimbeni wakho, njengotshaba oluyingozi ngokwenene. Kufana nemikhosi yokhuseleko ephazama ummi omsulwa njengotshaba.

Yile nto kanye eyenzekayo kwezinye izinto ezibangela ukunganyamezelani komzimba. Oko kukuthi, amayeza athile (afana ne-penicillin), i-pollen ephuma emoyeni (evela engceni, ukhula, imithi), uthuli, okanye nokutya okufana neepinati kunokubangela olu hlobo lokusabela. Ngoko ke, into ebalulekileyo kukuba, ukutya ngokwako akunabungozi emzimbeni, kodwa yindlela umzimba wakho osabela ngayo kuko yiyo loo ngxaki. Uyaqonda?

Zeziphi izinto ezibangela ukuba umntu angakwazi ukutya kakuhle?

Enyanisweni, nabani na unokuba ne-allergy kuyo nayiphi na into yokutya. Nangona kunjalo, oku kutya kulandelayo kunye nokutya okuquletheyo zezona zinto zixhaphakileyo ezibangela ukuba kubekho i-allergy kwilizwe lethu nakwihlabathi liphela:

• Iinati kunye nezinye iinati (umz. iicashews, iialmond, iiwalnuts)
• Ukutya kwaselwandle, ingakumbi iintlanzi ezifana ne-shrimp, i-crab, i-lobster, kunye ne-squid.
• Iintlobo ngeentlobo zeentlanzi (umz., i-kelawallala, i-balaya)
• Ubisi, ingakumbi ubisi lwenkomo kunye neemveliso ezenziwe ngobisi lwenkomo
• Amaqanda (ingakumbi amaqanda amhlophe)
• Isoya kunye neemveliso ezinesoya
• Ingqolowa kunye neemveliso ezinengqolowa (ezifana nesonka, ipasta, iikeyiki)
• Isesame kunye neemveliso ezinesesame

Ezi zezona zidla ngokubangela iingxaki. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba umntwana wakho okanye wena uziva nantoni na engaqhelekanga okanye engakhululekanga emva kokutya nakuphi na ukutya.

Luhlobo luni lokusabela oluvelayo xa umntu enengxaki yokutya?

Khawucinge ngomntwana omncinci one-allergy ye-peanut oya endlwini yomhlobo wakhe aze ngokungazi atye iqhekeza lekhekhe letshokolethi kunye nee-peanut ngaphezulu. Kwenzeka ntoni emva koko? Ngenxa yee-antibodies ezazenziwe ngaphambili ngokuchasene neproteni ekutyeni, oko kukuthi ii-peanut, umzimba ngequbuliso ukhupha inani elikhulu leekhemikhali ezahlukeneyo egazini. Enye yezona khemikhali ziphambili yi -histamine .

Ezi histamines kunye nezinye iikhemikhali zibangela iimpawu ezahlukeneyo ezichaphazela amehlo, impumlo, umphimbo, inkqubo yokuphefumla (iindawo zokuphefumla), ulusu, kunye nenkqubo yokugaya ukutya . Umntu onesifo sokunganyamezelani nokutya unokuba nempendulo encinci kakhulu (njengokurhawuzelelwa okuncinci) okanye impendulo enzima kakhulu, esongela ubomi . Le mpendulo ingenzeka ngoko nangoko, kwimizuzu embalwa yokutya ukutya, okanye ingenzeka emva kweeyure ezimbalwa, ngamanye amaxesha emva kweeyure ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu .

Ziziphi iimpawu zokuqala ezidla ngokubonakala?

Xa umntu eqala ukuba ne-allergy reaction, usenokuqala azibone ezi mpawu. Enye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi zinokwenzeka ngaxeshanye:

• Ukuphuma kwempumlo (njengomkhwinya) okanye ukuxinana kwempumlo
• Amehlo abomvu, arhawuzelelayo, anamanzi
• Amabala abomvu, avuvukileyo, narhawuzelelayo eluswini. La maxesha amaninzi ayarhawuzelela kakhulu. Sikwabiza la mabala abomvu, aphakanyisiweyo (ngokwezonyango aziwa ngokuba yi-`(Hives)` okanye `(Urticaria)`).
• Ukurhawuzelela, ukuba ndindisholo, okanye ukudumba okuncinci kolwimi okanye imilebe.
• Ukurhawuzelela emlonyeni okanye emqaleni.

Njengoko isiba mandundu, ezi mpawu zinokuvela:

Njengoko i-allergy isiba mandundu, ezi mpawu zilandelayo zinokuvela:

• Ukuqina komphimbo, ukuziva ngathi kukho into ebambeke emqaleni, ubunzima bokuginya.
• Ukurhawuzelela kwelizwi okanye ukungakwazi ukuthetha.
• Ukuphefumla sisandi sokufutha esiphuma esifubeni xa uphefumla, esivakala ngathi yimpempe .
• Ukukhohlela okungapheliyo.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla, ukuphefumla nzima.
• Isicaphucaphu (ukuziva ngathi uza kuhlanza).
• Ukuhlanza.
• Intlungu yesisu eqatha.
• Urhudo (ukuhlanza).
• Isiyezi(Ukuba nesiyezi) okanye ukuziva ngathi ungaphelelwa ngamandla.

Eyona meko iyingozi kakhulu: i-Anaphylaxis

Kwezinye iimeko ezinzima, i-allergy yokutya inokukhokelela kwimeko eyingozi kakhulu ebizwa ngokuba yi -anaphylaxis . Le yi -allergy eyenzeka ngequbuliso, enzima, kwaye enokubangela ukufa. Ibandakanya iinkqubo ezininzi zomzimba ngaxeshanye. Ulusu, ukuphefumla, ukugaya ukutya, intliziyo, kunye nemithambo yegazi zonke zinokuchaphazeleka ngaxeshanye. Uxinzelelo lwegazi lunokwehla luye kumanqanaba aphantsi kakhulu, iindlela zomoya (iityhubhu zokuphefumla) zinokuncipha, okwenza kube nzima ukuphefumla, kwaye ulwimi, imilebe, kunye nomqala zinokudumba.

Kubaluleke kakhulu: Abantu abasengozini yokusabela kakhulu okubizwa ngokuba yi-anaphylaxis kufuneka balumke kakhulu. Kwakhona, kubalulekile ukuba nesicwangciso sokusebenza ngexesha likaxakeka esinamayeza akhethekileyo (umz. i-epinephrine) ukuthintela iimpawu ukuba zingabi mandundu xa kukho imeko kaxakeka. Siza kuthetha ngakumbi ngale nto kamva.

Kukho iindaba ezimnandi. Uninzi lwabantwana luyayeka ukuba ne-allergies kwaye lufumane ubisi lwenkomo namaqanda njengoko bekhula, bemalunga neminyaka emi-5-6 ubudala. Nangona kunjalo, i-allergies enzima kwi-peanuts, ezinye ii-tree nuts, kunye ne-shellfish ngamanye amaxesha inokuhlala ubomi bonke.

Ungazi njani ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba une-allergy yokutya?

Ngamanye amaxesha kulula ukubona ukuba umntwana une-allergy yokutya. Basenokuba neempumlo okanye iintlungu zesisu okanye ukuhlanza emva nje kokutya ukutya okurhanelekayo. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba nzima ngakumbi ukufumanisa ukuba loluphi ukutya olubangela ingxaki. Khawuthelekelele umntwana esitya isaladi yeziqhamo exutyiweyo evenkileni aze abe ne-allergy. Ukuba bekukho iintlobo zeziqhamo ezi-5-6 kuloo saladi, kunzima ukufumanisa ukuba zeziphi iziqhamo anomdla kuzo ngoko nangoko, akunjalo? Kwakhona, kuba ezinye ukutya zinezithako ezininzi, kunzima ukufumanisa ukuba isitya esiphambili okanye isosi okanye izinongo ezibangela ingxaki.

Enye into ebalulekileyo kukuba abanye abantu abanakukwazi ukubekezelela ukutya, kodwa ngokwenene ayikuko ukunganyamezeli okunxulumene nenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Oku sikubiza ngokuba kukunganyamezeli ukutya . Umzekelo, abantu abanganyamezeli i-lactose bafumana iintlungu zesisu, ukudumba, kunye norhudo xa besitya ubisi nezinye iimveliso zobisi (ezifana neyogathi kunye netshizi). Kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba bane-allergy kubisi. Isizathu sokuba babe nobunzima bokusela ubisi kukuba imizimba yabo ayinayo i-enzyme efunekayo yokugaya iswekile ebisini, i-lactose. Loo ngxaki yahluke ngokupheleleyo kwi-allergy, kwaye inxulumene nenkqubo yokugaya ukutya.

Ugqirha wenza ntoni ngale nto?

Ukuba ucinga ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho unokuba ne-allergy yokutya, nceda ungayityesheli loo nto. Okokuqala, bonana nogqirha wosapho lwakho. Uza kukubuza wena nomntwana wakho ngeempawu zenu, ukuba zaqala nini, kunye nokutya enikutyileyo, aze enze uvavanyo olusisiseko.

Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukrokrela ukuba usenokuba ne-allergy yokutya, uza kukuthumela kwi -allergies okanye kwi-immunologist . Le ngcali iya kuba yiyo eza kuxilonga ingxaki, yenze uvavanyo olufunekayo, kwaye ikunike unyango olufanelekileyo. Uza kukubuza imibuzo emininzi malunga neempendulo zakho zangaphambili, ukuba sele kudlule ixesha elingakanani ukususela oko waqala ukuba neempawu (ezifana ne-hives), ukuba sele kudlule ixesha elingakanani, kwaye ingaba kukho nabani na kusapho lwakho okhe waba ne-allergies efana nale.

Uvavanyo lweNkonko yolusu

Emva koko, ingcali ingagqiba ekubeni yenze uvavanyo lokuhlatywa kwesikhumba . Olu lolona vavanyo luqhelekileyo. Oku kubandakanya ukuvavanya ulusu lwakho ukuze kubonwe ukuba ukutya okuncinci okukubangela ukurhawuzelelwa kusabela njani kuko. Ugqirha uza kusebenzisa iqhekeza elincinci lolwelo lokutya okukhankanywayo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha okunye ukutya okubangela i-allergies. Ugqirha uza kwenza umkrwelo omncinci kakhulu (okanye ukuhlatywa) engalweni okanye emqolo wakho, aze afake ithontsi lolwelo kuloo ndawo. Iqhekeza elahlukileyo lifakwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zesikhumba kwaye lishiywe imizuzu eli-15-20. Ukuba une-allergy ekutyeni, indawo iya kuba bomvu, idumbe, kwaye kuya kuvela iqhuma elincinci, ngokungathi ulunywe yingcongconi. Ungafumana umbono wenqanaba le-allergy ngokusekelwe kubukhulu bayo.

Ezinye iimvavanyo

Ngamanye amaxesha ugqirha uya kuthatha isampuli yegazi aze ayithumele kwilebhu ukuze kuvavanywe ii-antibodies ezithile ze-IgE .

Khumbula: Nokuba ugqirha wakho ukunika ukutya okuncinci kakhulu ukuze kuvavanywe ukuba awunayo na i-allergies, akufanele ukwenze oku ekhaya! Kwakhona, musa ukuthetha izinto ezinje, "Ndiyakurhanela oku kutya, ndiza kuzama kwakhona ukuze ndibone ukuba kunjalo na." Indawo engcono nekhuselekileyo yokufumana uvavanyo lwe-allergies kukwikliniki okanye esibhedlele sikagqirha. Abasebenzi apho baqeqeshwe ngokukodwa koku. Ukuba une-reaction enzima, banokukunika amayeza ngoko nangoko.

Inyangwa njani i-aleji yokutya?

Ngelishwa, akukho ndlela ithile yonyango lwe-allergies yokutya. Njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, ezinye ii-allergies (ingakumbi ii-allergies zobisi namaqanda kubantwana abancinci) ziyaphela xa abantu bekhula, kodwa ezinye (ezifana neepinati, amantongomane emithi, kunye neentlanzi zaselwandle) zinokuhlala ubomi bonke.

Unyango olulodwa nolungcono kakhulu koku kukuphepha ngokungqongqo ukutya okubangela i-allergy kunye naluphi na olunye uhlobo lokutya okanye isiselo esiqulethe oko kutya.

Enye indlela yokufumanisa kukufunda iilebheli zokutya zayo yonke into oyityayo noyiselayo ngononophelo. Kufuneka ujonge uluhlu lwezithako zokutya okanye isiselo esipakishiweyo osithenga evenkileni. Izithako eziphambili ezinokubangela i-allergy zihlala zidweliswe ngokucacileyo kwilebheli, ngamanye amaxesha zibhalwe ngqindilili. Umzekelo, xa uthenga isosi, usenokungacingi nokuba inokuba nengqolowa okanye isoya. Ngoko ke kufuneka ujonge ngononophelo kwicandelo lezithako kwilebheli.

Abanye abantu abanovakalelo kakhulu banokude bafune ukuphepha ezinye ukutya ezenziwe kumzi-mveliso omnye owenza ukutya okubangela iingxaki. Ngenxa yokuba zenziwe ngomatshini omnye, iziqwenga ezincinci zokutya okubangela ulunya zinokungena kwezi zinto zokutya (`(Ungcoliseko olunqamlezileyo)`). Usenokuba ukhe wazibona izinto ezifana neetshokholethi ezithi ``Zisenokuba neentwana zeenkozo`` okanye ``Zenziwe kumzi-mveliso ophinda ucubungule iinkozo``. Kufuneka ulumke ngezinto ezinjalo.

Kuthekani ukuba kuvela imeko engxamisekileyo? Yiba nesicwangciso!

Nokuba ulumke kangakanani na, ngamanye amaxesha ungatya ngempazamo nokuba kukutya okuncinci okubangela ukuba ungabi na-aleji. Ukuba oko kuyenzeka , okokuqala, ungoyiki. Landela isicwangciso sakho sexesha likaxakeka .

Yintoni isicwangciso songxamiseko? Emva kokuba ugqirha eqinisekisile ukuba unesifo sokunganyamezelani nokutya, uza kukubhala isicwangciso esifana nesi. Sichaza ngokucacileyo into omawuyenze ukuba unesifo sokunganyamezelani, ukuba ngubani omawumxelele (umz. ootitshala, amalungu osapho), amayeza omawuwasele, indlela yokuwasela, kunye nokuba umele uwasele kangakanani.

Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba une-allergy yokutya enokubangela ukusabela okubi kakhulu, okubizwa ngokuba yi -anaphylaxis . Kwiimpendulo ezimbi kakhulu, abanye abantu baxelelwa ngugqirha wabo ukuba bahlale bephethe iyeza elibizwa ngokuba yi-epinephrine . Oku kudla ngokuza ngohlobo lwe -epinephrine injection kwi-auto-injector efana nepeni kwaye kulula ukuyiphatha (umz., i-EpiPen, i-Anapen). Ugqirha wakho uya kukufundisa wena nosapho lwakho indlela yokuyisebenzisa. Wena, abazali bakho, kunye nogqirha wakho ninokugqiba ukuba nifanele niyiphathe nani okanye nibe notitshala esikolweni eniyiphetheyo.

Kubaluleke kakhulu: Ukuba kuya kufuneka usebenzise le injection ye-epinephrine, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka uye esibhedlele okanye kwiziko lezonyango elikufutshane ngoko nangoko, nokuba iimpawu zakho ziyaphela emva koko.Kuba, ngamanye amaxesha impendulo yokuqala iyaphela, kwaye impendulo yesibini (i-Biphasic reaction) inokwenzeka emva kweeyure ezimbalwa. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuhlala esibhedlele phantsi kweliso likagqirha iiyure ezimbalwa.

Ngaba kunzima ukuphila ne-allergies yokutya?

Ukuba ne-allergy yokutya kunokuba yinto ecaphukisayo kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kube ngumthwalo, kodwa akufuneki ukuba yonakalise ubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla okanye ulonwabo lomntwana wakho. Abanye abantu abadala kunye noontanga bakho, njengabazali bakho, amalungu osapho, ootitshala, abahlobo, banokukunceda ukukukhusela kwiimpendulo ze-allergy. Kubalulekile ukubafundisa.

Kodwa, wenza ntoni ukuba ukutya okuthandayo kuphelela kuluhlu lwakho "lokungatyi"? Ungakhathazeki! Njengoko abantu abaninzi benengxaki yokutya kule mihla, iinkampani zokutya ziye zazisa izinto ezininzi ezimnandi nezikhuselekileyo zokutshintsha ukutya okuthandayo. Ngoku kukho iindlela ezininzi ezikhoyo, ukusuka kwi-ayisikhrim, iyogathi, kunye netshizi ezenziwe ngaphandle kobisi (iimveliso ezingenabisi), ukuya kwisonka, iibhisikithi, iikeyiki (iimveliso ezingenagluten okanye ezingenangqolowa), ukuya kwiispreyi ezingenamantongomane! Ngoko akufuneki uphoswe kukutya okumnandi.

Ngoko ke, zeziphi izinto ezibalulekileyo esifanele sizikhumbule kweli bali? (Umyalezo Wokubuyela Ekhaya)

Ukunganyamezelani nokutya yimeko efuna unonophelo oluncinci, kodwa ukuba ilawulwa ngendlela efanelekileyo, ayiphazamisi ubomi obuqhelekileyo.

• Chonga i-allergy: Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho nifumana ukungakhululeki okungapheliyo emva kokutya ukutya okuthile, musa ukukubetha ngoyaba. Bona ugqirha ofanelekileyo, ngcono ukuba yingcali ye-allergy, ukuze ufumane ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ingxaki. Musa ukuthembela kwiingcali zokuxilonga okanye kuyo yonke into oyifumana kwi-intanethi.
• Kuphephe ngokupheleleyo ukutya okubangela ingxaki: Nje ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba kukho i-allergy, yeka ngokupheleleyo ukutya ukutya okuchaphazelekileyo kunye nayo yonke into ekuko. Ziqhelise ukufunda iilebheli zokutya, kwaye ubuze imibuzo xa usitya ngaphandle.
• Yiba nesicwangciso sokusebenza kwimeko kaxakeka: Thetha nogqirha wakho uze ubhale isicwangciso sokusebenza kwimeko kaxakeka, ingakumbi ukuba usemngciphekweni we-anaphylaxis. Soloko uphethe i-epinephrine auto-injector nawe, ukuba kuyimfuneko, kwaye uqhelane nokusetyenziswa kwayo.
• Yazisa abanye: Yazisa amalungu osapho, ootitshala, kunye nabantu obathandayo malunga ne-allergy yomntwana wakho/wakho. Banokukunceda nakwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo.
• Ungakhathazeki, awuwedwa: abantu abaninzi banezi meko. Kukho amaqela enkxaso yezigulane anokukunceda, akunike iingcebiso, kwaye abelane ngamava akho. Kwaye ngoku ungafumana ukutya okukhuselekileyo endaweni yako.
• Landela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho rhoqo:Landela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngokuchanekileyo rhoqo. Yiya kuhlolwa rhoqo. Thetha nabo ukuba unemibuzo okanye iinkxalabo.

Ngoko ke, xa ucinga ngezi zinto, ngokuqinisekileyo ungaphila ubomi obonwabisayo, obusempilweni, nobanelisayo nokuba une-allergies yokutya. Ukuba unemibuzo engaphezulu, qiniseka ukuba ubonana nogqirha.

Ukunganyamezelani kokutya , Inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, iHistamine, iAnaphylaxis, iEpinephrine, Uvavanyo lolusu, Iimpawu zokunganyamezelani, Iilebheli zokutya