Ngaba kubonakala ngathi isifuba nentamo yomntwana wakho ziyatsala xa ephefumla? Oko kubizwa ngokuba yi-(Retractions)''. Masithethe ngale nto!

Ngamanye amaxesha xa umntwana omncinci, okanye mhlawumbi umntu omdala, ephefumla, usenokuba uqaphele ukuba ezinye iindawo zesifuba, intamo, zingena ngaphakathi ngolo hlobo. Kufana nokuba kunzima kakhulu ukuphefumla. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-"(Retractions)" kwezonyango. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngokuba yintoni kanye kanye le nto, kutheni isenzeka, kwaye nokuba kufuneka soyike na.

Yintoni kanye kanye le ``(Retractions)``?

Ngamafutshane, ``(Ukurhoxa)`` kuxa umntu ephefumla (oko kukuthi, ephefumla) kwaye ulusu kwiindawo ezifana nentamo, phakathi kweembambo, nangaphantsi kweembambo lutshona ngaphakathi, okanye lutsalela ngaphakathi. Into ephambili esixelelwa yile nto kukuba umntu uyasokola ukuphefumla. Kufana nokuphakamisa ubunzima obunzima, bayasokola ukufaka umoya emiphungeni yabo. Mhlawumbi ukhe wayibona indlela ngamanye amaxesha xa umntwana ephefumla, ulusu esifubeni sakhe lutsalela ngaphakathi, yiloo nto luyiyo.

Siphefumla njani ngokuqhelekileyo?

Ukuze siqonde ngcono ukuba zeziphi ezi "(Ukurhoxa)", kufuneka sijonge indlela esiphefumla ngayo ngokuqhelekileyo. Khawuthelekelele ukuba kufana nokutsala isiselo ngengca.

Phakathi kwesifuba sethu nesisu kukho isiqwenga esikhulu, esithe tyaba semisipha esibizwa ngokuba yi- diaphragm . Ukongeza, kukho iziqwenga ezincinci zemisipha phakathi kweembambo zethu.

Xa siphefumla, le diaphragm inkulu iyehla, kwaye izihlunu eziphakathi kweembambo zitsala iimbambo phezulu nangaphandle kancinci. Emva koko isithuba esingaphakathi kwesifuba (umngxuma wesifuba) siba sikhulu. Oku kunciphisa uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwemiphunga, kwaye umoya ongaphandle utsala nje ungene emiphungeni. Kufana nokuba kudalwe i-vacuum kwaye umoya utsalwa. Oku kwenzeka rhoqo ngaphandle kokuba senze okuninzi.

Kutheni ke ngoko `(Ukurhoxiswa)` kwenzeka?

Ngoku khawucinge ukuba ngesizathu esithile, umntu ufumana ubunzima bokuphefumla. Mhlawumbi iindlela zomoya (ibronchi) ezikhokelela emiphungeni zivaliwe, okanye kukho uhlobo oluthile losulelo emiphungeni.

Xa ukuphefumla kuba nzima ngolu hlobo, izihlunu ezinceda kwinkqubo eqhelekileyo yokuphefumla (izihlunu eziphakathi kwe-diaphragm kunye neembambo) azanele ukutsala umoya owaneleyo emiphungeni.

Kwenzeka ntoni ke ngoko? Umzimba wethu uzama ukusebenzisa izihlunu ezingaphezulu kwezi njongo. Ingakumbi izihlunu ezisentanyeni, izihlunu ezincinci eziphakathi kweembambo, kunye nezihlunu ezikwindawo yamagxa zongezwa koku.

Xa ezi ntambo zemisipha ezongezelelweyo zifinyela ngokukhawuleza nangokunamandla, ulusu kunye nezicubu ezithambileyo ezinamathele kuzo zitsalela ngaphakathi. Oku kutsala ngaphakathi yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-``(Retractions)```.

Oko kuthetha ukuba, ukubona `(Ukurhoxa)` kuthetha ukuba umzimba womntu usebenzisa 'amandla okuxhasa angaphezulu' ukupompa umoya emiphungeni!

Ndingayibona phi `(Ukurhoxiswa)`?

Ezi ngxinano zingabonakala kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Ngokusekelwe kwezo ndawo, ngamanye amaxesha sinokufumana umbono othile ngohlobo lobunzima bokuphefumla.

• Ukurhoxiswa kweSubcostal:Ulusu luvuvukala kwindawo apho isisu nesifuba zidibana khona, ezantsi kwembambo. Oku kuxhaphake kakhulu kwiintsana ezincinci.
• Ukurhoxa Kwangaphakathi Kweembambo: Ulusu oluphakathi kweembambo ezimbini lurhoxa ngaphakathi, ngokungathi iimbambo ziphuma.
• Ukurhoxa kweSupraclavicular: Ezi ziindawo ezincinci, ezifana nemingxuma kumacala omabini entamo, ngaphezulu kwekhola (clavicle).
• Ukurhoxa Okungaphezulu okanye Okungaphantsi Kwesibeleko: Ulusu lutsalela ngaphakathi ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kwethambo elithe tyaba embindini wesifuba (i-sternum), njengalapho intamo iqala khona.

Enye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi zinokubonwa ngaxeshanye. Okukhona zibonwa kakhulu, kokukhona kunzima ukuphefumla.

Zithini izizathu `(Ukurhoxiswa)`?

``(Ukurhoxa)`` ayisosifo, luphawu. Ingabonakala nakweyiphi na imeko ebangela ubunzima bokuphefumla. Ezinye zezona zinto zixhaphakileyo ebantwaneni abancinci zezi:

• I-Bronchiolitis: Isifo esibangela ukudumba kweendlela zomoya ezincinci kakhulu emiphungeni, ingakumbi kwiintsana ezingaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala. Sidla ngokubangelwa lusulelo lwentsholongwane.
• Isifo sombefu: Imeko apho iindlela zomoya zidumba kwaye zixinene, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuphefumla.
• I-Pneumonia: Usulelo olubangelwa ziintsholongwane ezikwimiphunga.
• I-Croup: Isifo esibangela ukudumba kwe-larynx kunye ne-upper airways, okubangela ukukhohlela okukhonkothayo.
• Ukufunxwa komzimba wangaphandle: Ukuba umntwana omncinci ufumana into efana neqhekeza lethoyi okanye iqhekeza lokutya linamathele empumlweni okanye emlonyeni wakhe, le yingxamiseko!
• Ezinye izizathu: Ukurhoxa kunokubonwa nakwiimeko ezithile zentliziyo, ezifana ne-allergies ezinzima (i-anaphylaxis).

Kwabantu abadala, olu phawu lunokubakho nakwiimeko ezifana neCOPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease), inyumoniya enzima, kunye nokusilela kwentliziyo.

Yintoni enye esifanele siyijonge `(Ukurhoxa)`? Sifanele siye nini kugqirha?

Ukuba ubona `(Ukurhoxiswa)`, akuyonto ilungileyo ukuyityeshela. Kuba oko kuthetha ukuba kukho uhlobo oluthile lokuphazamiseka.

Jonga ezi mpawu nge-`Retractions`:

• Ingaba izinga lokuphefumla likhawuleza kakhulu? `(Ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza / iTachypnea)` Izinga lokuphefumla eliqhelekileyo labantwana abancinci liyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiminyaka yabo. Kodwa lumka ukuba baphefumla ngokukhawuleza kakhulu.
• Ingaba impumlo yakho iyavuleka? `(Impumlo iyavuleka)` Ukuba impumlo zakho ziyakhula xa uphefumla.
• Ngaba wenza isandi sokubhonga xa uphefumla? Ukuba wenza isandi esithi "Agh... agh..." xa uphefumla ngaphandle.
• Ngaba uphefumla ngokuphefumla? Ngaba kukho isandi sokufutha esiphuma esifubeni sakho xa uphefumla?
• Ngaba unesikhwehlela?
• Ingaba imilebe yakho, ulwimi, kunye neenzipho zakho zijika zibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka? (I-Cyanosis)Olu luphawu oluyingozi kakhulu. Luthetha ukuba umzimba awufumani ioksijini eyaneleyo. Le yingxamiseko! Yiya esibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
• Ingaba umntwana akancancisi/akatyi ngokwaneleyo? Ngaba ulele? Okanye akaphumli kakhulu?
• Ingaba unomkhuhlane?

Okona kubaluleke kakhulu: Ukuba umntwana wakho "uneengxaki zokurhoxa", ingakumbi ukuba lusana oluncinci, ngokuqinisekileyo mse kugqirha. Ngabo abanokufumana unobangela ochanekileyo baze baqalise unyango olufunekayo.

Funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko, ingakumbi kwezi meko zilandelayo:

• Ukuba umntwana ungaphantsi kweenyanga ezi-3.
• Ukuba imilebe yakho ijika ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nge-`(Retractions)` kwaye kubonakala ngathi unengxaki yokuphefumla.
• Umntwana uphefumla nzima kakhulu, kwaye akakwazi ukuthetha.
• Ukuba izinga lokuphefumla liphezulu kakhulu.
• Ukuba umntwana ubonakala ebuthathaka kakhulu kwaye elele.

Singenza ntoni ekhaya?

Ngenxa yokuba "(Ukurhoxa)" luphawu lwesifo esifihlakeleyo, zimbalwa izinto onokuzenza ekhaya. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha.

Nangona kunjalo, ungenza ezi zinto ude ubone ugqirha:

• Hlala uzolile: Ukuba uziva uxhalabile, umntwana wakho usenokuba noloyiko olungakumbi, nto leyo enokwenza kube nzima ukuphefumla.
• Menze umntwana azole: thetha naye ngothando, mbambe.
• Vumela umntwana abe kwindawo ekhululekileyo: Kunokuba lula ukuphefumla xa ehleli.
• Ukuba umntwana wakho une-asthma: Sebenzisa i-inhaler yokunciphisa umkhuhlane echazwe ngugqirha wakho njengoko kuyalelwe.
• Ukuba kukho umkhuhlane: Unganika into efana neParacetamol xa ucetyiswe ngugqirha.
• Nciphisa umsi nothuli kwigumbi.

Ungaze uzinike amayeza ngaphandle kokubonisana nogqirha kuqala.

Oogqirha bayixilonga baze bayinyange njani le meko?

Xa usisa umntwana wakho kugqirha, into yokuqala aza kuyenza kukumhlola kakuhle umntwana.

• Sijonga indlela yokuphefumla, iindawo apho kukho ``(Ukurhoxa)'', kunye nesantya sokuphefumla.
• Ugqirha uphulaphula isifuba nge-stethoscope ukujonga naziphi na izandi (ukuqhekeka, ezinye izandi ezingaqhelekanga) emiphungeni.
• Ungajonga inqanaba lokugcwalisa ioksijini emzimbeni wakho ngokusebenzisa isixhobo esincinci esibizwa ngokuba yi-pulse oximeter, esibekwa emnweni okanye endlebeni yakho.
• Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ungacelwa ukuba uthathe i-X-ray yesifuba. Oku kunokunceda ekuxilongeni izifo ezifana ne-pneumonia.
• Ngamanye amaxesha, izinto ezifana novavanyo lwegazi kunye novavanyo lwe-nasal swab nazo zinokwenziwa.

Unyango luxhomekeke kwisizathu sokurhoxa.

• Ukuba yintsholongwane ebangelwa yintsholongwane (umz. i-pneumonia): Ii-antibiotics zinganikwa.
• Ukuba yintsholongwane (umz., i-bronchiolitis): Akukho nyango luthile lunikwayo. Umzimba uvumelekile ukuba uziphilise ngokwawo ngelixa unyanga iimpawu (umz., ioksijini, ityuwa).
• Kwimeko yesifo sesifuba: Kunokunikwa i-nebulization okanye i-inhalers ukuze kuphefumlwe umphunga.
• Ukuba ukuphefumla kunzima kakhulu kwaye amanqanaba eoksijini aphantsi: Kusenokufuneka ulaliswe esibhedlele kwaye unikwe ioksijini.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukufumana uxilongo oluchanekileyo ngokukhawuleza kwaye uqale unyango oluyimfuneko.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngoko ke sithethe kakhulu nge-`(Retractions)` ngoku. Okokugqibela, nazi izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekufuneka uzikhumbule:

• ``(Ukurhoxa)`` kubhekisa kulusu olusesifubeni nasentanyeni olutsalela ngaphakathi ngelixa uphefumla. Oku kuthetha ukuba umntu unengxaki yokuphefumla kwaye wenza umgudu omkhulu.
• Esi asisosifo, kodwa luphawu olubonisa ubunzima bokuphefumla.
• Ixhaphake kakhulu kubantwana abancinci ngenxa yeemeko ezifana ne-`(Bronchiolitis)`, `(Asthma)`, kunye ne-`(Pneumonia).`
• Jonga ngononophelo iimpawu ezinjengokunyuka kwesantya sokuphefumla, ukurhawuzelela kwempumlo, ukuphefumla okuncinci, kunye nemilebe eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunye ne-``(Retractions)''.
• Ukuba umntwana wakho une-`(Retractions)`, ingakumbi ukuba ungumntwana omncinci, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka ubone ugqirha. Kungcono ungoyiki, kodwa ufune ingcebiso kagqirha ngaphandle kokulibazisa.
• Landela imiyalelo kagqirha ngokuchanekileyo.

Khumbula, xa ubona utshintsho kwindlela yokuphefumla komntwana wakho, musa ukuluthatha lula. Uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza lunokusombulula iingxaki ezininzi. Impilo entle kuni nonke!

Ubunzima bokuphefumla, ukurhoxa, ukurhoxa esifubeni, izifo zabantwana, iingxaki zokuphefumla, i-bronchiolitis, i-pneumonia, i-asthma