Yintoni i-chemotherapy? Masifunde iinkcukacha ngaphandle koloyiko!

Mhlawumbi ukhe weva igama elithi 'chemo' okanye 'chemotherapy', akunjalo? Mhlawumbi ukhe weva umhlobo okanye isalamane sithetha ngalo xa sinyangwa umhlaza. Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive usoyika okanye unexhala xa usiva eli gama. Kodwa namhlanje, masithethe ngokuba yintoni i-chemotherapy, kwenzeka ntoni ngayo, kunye nento omele uyoyike okanye ongafanele uyoyike, ngendlela elula onokuyiqonda. Emva koko uya kukwazi ukuyiqonda ngcono.

Yintoni kanye kanye i-chemotherapy?

Ngamafutshane, i-chemotherapy luhlobo oluthile lwamayeza asetyenziselwa ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-'chemo' ngamafutshane. La ngamayeza anamandla kakhulu. Ngokuchanekileyo, igama elithi 'chemo' lithetha ikhemikhali, kwaye elithi 'therapy' lithetha unyango. Ngoko ke, olu lunyango olusebenzisa iikhemikhali.

Kukho amaxesha apho la mayeza esetyenziswa ewodwa. Kodwa amaxesha amaninzi, oogqirha basebenzisa indibaniselwano yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zamayeza e-chemotherapy. Oku kwenzelwa ukuhlasela iiseli zomhlaza ezivela kumacala ahlukeneyo nokuzitshabalalisa ngokupheleleyo. Kufana nokuhlasela utshaba oluvela kumacala ahlukeneyo kunokuba lube kwelinye. Indibaniselwano yamayeza anikiweyo ixhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nohlobo lomhlaza kunye nokuba usasazeke kangakanani.

Makhe sijonge indlela umhlaza okhula ngayo?

Ukuze sikuqonde oku, kufuneka siqale sazi okuncinci ngeeseli emizimbeni yethu. Imizimba yethu yenziwe ziibhiliyoni zeeseli ezincinci. Ezi seli zahlukana kwaye zanda ngendlela eqhelekileyo, kwaye iiseli ezindala ziyafa.

Khawuthelekelele ukuba unegadi ekhaya. Kuloo gadi, kunye neentyatyambo ezintle, kukho nokhula olunokuyonakalisa. Yiyo loo nto ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu. Umhlaza kuxa ezinye iiseli emizimbeni yethu ziqala ukwahlukana ngokungalawulekiyo nangokukhawuleza kakhulu. Ezi seli zahlulahlula ngokungaqhelekanga zenza iithumba. Ayizizo zonke iithumba ezingumhlaza, kodwa iiseli zomhlaza zinokuhlasela ezinye izicwili eziphilileyo zize zisasazeke ukusuka kwelinye icala lomzimba ukuya kwelinye (i-metastasis).

Isebenza njani i-chemotherapy?

Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza, 'La mayeza e-chemo azichonga kwaye azibulale njani iiseli zomhlaza kuphela?' Amayeza e-chemo ajolise kakhulu kwiiseli ezahlukana ngokukhawuleza. Iiseli zomhlaza luhlobo lweseli ezahlukana ngokukhawuleza. Ngoko ke amayeza e-chemo afumana ezi seli zomhlaza ezahlula ngokukhawuleza aze azitshabalalise, okanye azithintele ekuzahlukaniseni ngakumbi.

Kodwa kukho enye into apha. Emizimbeni yethu, kukho iiseli zomhlaza kunye neeseli eziphilileyo ezahlukana ngokukhawuleza. Umzekelo:

• Iiseli ezikwiingcambu zeenwele zethu (iifollicle zeenwele)
• Iiseli ezijikeleze umlomo namathumbu
• Iiseli zegazi ezenziwe kumongo wethambo

Amayeza e-chemotherapy anokonakalisa iiseli ezisempilweni, ezahlulahlula ngokukhawuleza, njengoko zixubana neeseli zomhlaza. Yiyo loo nto i-chemotherapy ibangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Siza kuthetha ngaloo nto kamva.

Kuxa kutheni apho kusetyenziswa i-chemotherapy?

I-chemotherapy isetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo.

• Unyango: Ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza zinokunyangwa ngokupheleleyo ngokusebenzisa i-chemotherapy yodwa okanye xa zidibene nezinye iindlela zonyango (ezifana notyando kunye nonyango lwe-radiation).
• Lawula umhlaza: Kwiimeko apho umhlaza unganyangekiyo ngokupheleleyo, i-chemotherapy inokunceda ekuthinteleni ukusasazeka kwawo, okanye ukunciphisa ubukhulu bethumba kwaye igcine isifo silawulwa. Oku kuvumela umguli ukuba aphile ixesha elide.
• Unyango Lokuthomalalisa Umhlaza: Xa umhlaza usasazekile kwaye kunzima ukuwunyanga, i-chemotherapy isetyenziselwa ukunciphisa iimpawu ezifana neentlungu kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla, nokwenza ubomi bemihla ngemihla bube lula kancinci. Oku kubizwa ngokuba lunyango lokuthomalalisa umhlaza .
• Ngaphambi kotyando (Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy): Ngamanye amaxesha i-chemotherapy inikwa ngaphambi kokuba ithumba elinomhlaza lisuswe ngotyando ukuze linciphe. Oku kwenza utyando lube lula kwaye luphumelele ngakumbi. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -neoadjuvant chemotherapy .
• Emva kotyando (i-Adjuvant Chemotherapy): Emva kokuba ithumba elinomhlaza lisusiwe ngotyando, i-chemotherapy ikwanikwa ukutshabalalisa naziphi na iiseli ezincinci zomhlaza ezisenokuba zisele emzimbeni, esingenakuzibona. Oku kwenzelwa ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokubuya komhlaza. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-adjuvant chemotherapy .

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ugqirha wakho ahlole imeko yakho aze amisele isicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo kuwe.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo ezininzi zamayeza e-chemotherapy? Kutheni kusetyenziswa uhlobo ngalunye?

Ewe, kukho amakhulu eentlobo ezahlukeneyo zamayeza e-chemotherapy. Iyeza ngalinye lisebenza ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Amanye amayeza ayayithintela iiseli zomhlaza ukuba zingahlukani, ngelixa amanye eyonakalisa i-DNA yeeseli zomhlaza aze azibulale.

Oogqirha bakhetha uhlobo (okanye indibaniselwano) lwamayeza e-chemotherapy ukuze bakunike ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezahlukeneyo:

• Uhlobo lomhlaza onalo: Iyeza elinikwa umhlaza webele alifani nelinikwa umhlaza wemiphunga.
• Inqanaba lomhlaza: Oku kubhekisa ekubeni umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani kwaye mkhulu kangakanani.
• Impilo yakho ngokubanzi: Izinto ezifana neminyaka yakho kunye nokuba unayo nayiphi na eminye imikhuhlane.
• Nokuba sele ufumene unyango lomhlaza ngaphambili.

Amaxesha amaninzi, i-combination chemotherapy ingcono kune-single-drug chemotherapy. Oku kungenxa yokuba ichiza ngalinye lihlasela iiseli zomhlaza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuba iiseli zomhlaza ziphephe uhlaselo. Kwakhona, iiseli zomhlaza zinokuxhathisa kwamanye amayeza. Ukunika amayeza amaninzi kunye kunokunciphisa loo mngcipheko.

I-chemotherapy inikwa njani emzimbeni?

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokunika unyango lwe-chemotherapy, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaza, indawo okuyo, kunye nohlobo lweyeza elisetyenzisiweyo.

• I-Intravenous (IV): Le yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo. Njengokunika i-saline, ityhubhu encinci (i-cannula) ifakwa kumthambo osengalweni okanye kwenye indawo, kwaye iyeza lifakwa kancinci emzimbeni ngalo. Ngamanye amaxesha, kunyango lwexesha elide, isixhobo esincinci (i-port) sifakwa phantsi kwesikhumba sesifuba kwaye iyeza linikwa ngalo.
• Omlomo: Amanye amayeza e-chemotherapy angasetyenziswa ekhaya ekwimo yeepilisi. Nangona kunjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuwathatha ngexesha elifanelekileyo nangedosi efanelekileyo njengoko kuyalelwe ngugqirha wakho.
• Njengesitofu: Amanye amayeza anikwa njengesitofu, nokuba sifakwe ngaphantsi kwesikhumba okanye nge-intramuscularly.
• Intrathecal: Ukunyanga umhlaza osasazeke engqondweni okanye emgogodleni , amayeza ngamanye amaxesha afakwa kumjelo womqolo.
• Kwimingxunya yomzimba (Intracavitary): Umzekelo, amayeza anokufakwa ngqo kwimingxunya yesisu (Intraperitoneal) okanye kwimingxunya yepleural egubungela imiphunga (Intrapleural).
• Ikhrimu okanye iloshini yokuthambisa: Kwezinye iintlobo zomhlaza wolusu, ikhrimu equlethe amayeza ekhemotherapi isetyenziswa eluswini. Oku kunqabile kancinci.

Kutheni kukho iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ze-chemo? Zithini ezo?

Le yenye yezinto ezoyikisa abantu abaninzi xa bethetha nge-chemotherapy. Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, amayeza e-chemo ajolise kwiiseli ezahlulahlula ngokukhawuleza. Ngoko ke, kunye neeseli zomhlaza, la mayeza achaphazela iiseli ezisempilweni nezahlulahlula ngokukhawuleza emzimbeni wethu. Yiyo loo nto kuvela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Kodwa khumbula oku:

• Asinguye wonke umntu ofumana zonke iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.
• Ubunzima beziphumo ebezingalindelekanga buyahluka ukusuka kumntu ukuya komnye.
• Uninzi lweziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zezokwexeshana kwaye ziyaphela xa unyango lugqityiwe.
• Ngoku kukho amayeza amaninzi alungileyo okulawula iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Nazi ezinye zeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo:

• Ukulahleka kweenwele: Esi sisiphumo esibi abantu abaninzi abasaziyo. Nangona kunjalo, ayizizo zonke iziyobisi ze-chemo ezibangela ukulahleka kweenwele. Nokuba ulahlekelwa ziinwele, ziya kukhula kakuhle xa unyango luphelile.
• Isicaphucaphu Nokugabha: Oku kuqhelekile. Kodwa ngoku kukho amayeza alungileyo kakhulu okulawula oku. Ugqirha uza kukunika la mayeza kwangaphambili.
• Izilonda zomlomo: Izilonda ezincinci zinokuvela emlonyeni nasemqaleni.
• Ukulahlekelwa ngumdla wokutya kunye notshintsho lwencasa.
• Urhudo okanye Ukuqhinwa.
• Ukudinwa: Le yinto eyenzeka kubantu abaninzi. Kubalulekile ukuphumla ngokwaneleyo.
• Ukuncipha kweeseli zegazi:
• Iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezisezantsi (i-Neutropenia): Oku kwandisa umngcipheko wokufumana usulelo. Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane kunye nokubanda, kufuneka uxelele ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
• Inani eliphantsi leeseli ezibomvu zegazi (i-Anemia): Oku kunokubangela ukudinwa, ubuthathaka, kunye nolusu olukhanyayo.
• I-Thrombocytopenia: Oku kunokubangela ukopha kunye nokukrweleka.
• Utshintsho lolusu: Ulusu lunokuba lomile, lurhawuzelele, kwaye lube buthathaka kwilanga.
• Utshintsho kwiinzipho: Izinzipho zisenokutshintsha umbala zibe buthathaka kwaye zibe buthathaka.

Oku kusenokuvakala kukoyika kancinci. Nangona kunjalo, iqela lakho lezonyango liza kukufundisa ngazo zonke ezi ziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kwaye likuncede uzilawule. Ungoyiki ukubaxelela nangayiphi na into ebuhlungu ozivayo.

Yintoni omele uyazi ngaphambi nangexesha le-chemotherapy?

Kukho izinto ezininzi ekufuneka uzazi ngaphambi, ngexesha, nasemva konyango lwe-chemotherapy.

• Thetha nogqirha wakho: Buza ugqirha wakho ngayo nayiphi na imibuzo okanye izinto ezikuxhalabisayo. Cacisa yonke into, kuquka isicwangciso sonyango, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, kunye nento omawuyenze ngazo.
• Fumana iimvavanyo ezifunekayo: Ngaphambi kokuba uqale i-chemo, ugqirha wakho uza kukucela ukuba wenze iimvavanyo ezithile, ezifana novavanyo lwegazi kunye ne-X-ray. Ezi vavanyo ziya kujonga ukuba umzimba wakho usabela kakuhle kangakanani kunyango.
• Yakha inkqubo yenkxaso: Inkxaso nothando losapho, abahlobo, kunye nabantu obathandayo luxabiseke kakhulu ngeli xesha. Linamandla amakhulu ukuba nomntu onokukunceda.
• Lungiselela usuku lonyango lwakho: Ukuba ufumana amayeza e-IV, kungathatha iiyure ezininzi. Zisa into yokufunda okanye yokumamela ngelo xesha. Nxiba impahla ekhululekileyo.
• Landela imiyalelo yezonyango ngokuchanekileyo: Landela imiyalelo enikiweyo malunga nexesha lokusetyenziswa kwamayeza kunye nokutya.
• Lumka ngemiphumo emibi: Ukuba ubona naziphi na iimpawu ezintsha okanye nantoni na engaqhelekanga, xelela ugqirha wakho okanye umongikazi wakho ngoko nangoko.
• Phumla ngokwaneleyo, yitya ukutya okunesondlo, kwaye uhlale ucocekile: ezi zinto ziya kunika umzimba wakho amandla okumelana nonyango.

Kwenzeka ntoni emva kokuba i-chemo iphelile?

Nje ukuba yonke imijikelo ye-chemotherapy iphelile, kuya kuthatha ixesha ukuba umzimba wakho uphile. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ziya kuncipha kancinci kancinci. Ukuba iinwele zakho sele zilahlekile, ziya kuqala ukukhula kakuhle kwakhona.

Kodwa, oogqirha abakulibali nje kuba unyango luphelile.

• Amadinga okulandela: Kuya kufuneka uqhubeke ubona ugqirha wakho kwaye wenze uvavanyo. Oku kuya kujonga ukuba umhlaza ubuyile na okanye kukho naziphi na iziphumo zonyango ezihlala ixesha elide.
• Ukubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo:Eli xesha libalulekile ekuchacheni komzimba nengqondo. Ungafuna iingcebiso ukuba kuyimfuneko.

Ngoko ke, zeziphi izinto ekufuneka sizikhumbule malunga ne-chemotherapy?

I-chemotherapy lunyango olubaluleke kakhulu nolunamandla lomhlaza. Ukwazi oku kuya kukunceda ukuba unyamezele ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo kufuneka afumane olu nyango.

• I-Chemotherapy luhlobo oluthile lonyango olutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza.
• Isebenza ngokujolisa kwiiseli ezahlulahlula ngokukhawuleza, ukuze ichaphazele iiseli zomhlaza kunye nezinye iiseli ezisempilweni.
• Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinokwenzeka, kodwa zihlala zizezexeshana kwaye ziyalawuleka. Musa ukukhathazeka.
• Oogqirha bakhetha isicwangciso sonyango lwe-chemotherapy esilungele isigulana ngasinye.
• Ungoyiki ukubuza iqela lezonyango nayiphi na imibuzo okanye iinkxalabo onokuba nazo. Balapha ukukunceda.
• Inkxaso yosapho nabahlobo ibaluleke kakhulu kolu hambo. Awuwedwa.

Unyango lwe-chemotherapy lunokuba ngamava anzima, kodwa ngolwazi olufanelekileyo, inkxaso yezonyango, kunye namandla abantu obathandayo, olu celomngeni lunokoyiswa.

ikhemotherapy , ikhemotherapy, unyango lomhlaza, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, inqaku lezonyango leSinhala