Yintoni i-microscope? Singathetha ngayo okomzuzwana?

Ngaba wakha wacinga ngesixhobo esimangalisayo esinokubona izinto ezincinci ezingenakubonwa ngamehlo ethu? Yiloo nto ibizwa ngayo le microscope. Ifana neglasi enamandla kakhulu yokukhulisa. Le yinto engabalulekanga koogqirha bethu okanye izazinzulu. Makhe sithethe ngesi sixhobo simangalisayo namhlanje.

Ngokulula nje, yintoni i-microscope?

Ngamafutshane, imakroskopu sisixhobo esisinceda sibone izinto ezincinci kakhulu, izinto ezincinci kakhulu ukuba amehlo ethu angaziboni, ezinkulu kakhulu kwaye zicacile. Khawuthelekelele ukuba uneglasi yokukhulisa enamandla amakhulu. Yiyo le nto injalo. Kodwa ingazikhulisa izinto izihlandlo ezingamawaka, mhlawumbi amakhulu amawaka amaxesha, kwanancinci.

Kwaneseli encinci emzimbeni wethu (isiseko sokwakha umzimba wethu) okanye into encinci ekwithontsi lamanzi inokubonwa kakuhle ngale nto. Ngoko ke, imakroskopu ngumhlobo obalulekileyo wokufunda ngezinto ezincinci kweli hlabathi eziyimfihlakalo emehlweni ethu nokufumanisa iimfihlo zazo. Ngokuhambela phambili kwesayensi, esi sixhobo siphucuke kakhulu.

Kutheni i-microscope ibaluleke kangaka kunyango?

Ngoku usenokuba ucinga, "Kulungile, yenza izinto ezincinci zibonakale zinkulu. Ngoko ke zinceda ntoni ezo zinto koogqirha?" Enyanisweni, i-microscope ayisosixhobo nje kuphela. Ifana neliso lesithathu likagqirha . Uyazi ntoni? Imizimba yethu yenziwe ngayo, kwaye sihlala sigula ngenxa yezinto ezincinci amehlo ethu angenakuzibona.

Khawucinge nje, imizimba yethu ifana nendlu enkulu eyenziwe ngezigidi zezitena ezincinci. Ezi zitena zincinci yile nto siyibiza ngokuba ziiseli . Logama nje ezi seli ziphilile, siphilile. Kodwa ukuba kukho naluphi na utshintsho kwezi seli, ukuba zinesifo, kulapho ke nathi sikhula khona sisifo. Ngoko ke, ukuze kufunyanwe utshintsho kwezi seli kunye neempawu zezifo, i-microscope iyimfuneko.

Ayipheleli apho, siyisebenzisela ukuchonga izinto ezincinci ezifana neebhaktheriya , iintsholongwane (ezinye iintsholongwane ezinkulu zinokubonwa ngezi zinto, kodwa uninzi lweentsholongwane lufuna ii-electron microscopes), kunye neefungi . Sinokubona kanye umonakalo eziwenzayo emizimbeni yethu. Yiyo loo nto iluncedo kakhulu ekwenzeni uxilongo oluchanekileyo.

Ziziphi izifo ezinokufunyaniswa nge-microscope?

Sisebenzisa imakroskopu, sinokufumana ulwazi malunga nezifo ezininzi. Masibone ukuba zeziphi ezona ziphambili.

Uvavanyo lweeSampuli zeGazi

Ngaba wakha wavavanywa igazi? Amaxesha amaninzi, inxalenye yesampulu yegazi ihlolwa ngemakroskopu. Oku kubizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lwefilimu yegazi elingaphandle .

• Iiseli zegazi ezibomvu:Ezi ziiseli ezithwala ioksijini emizimbeni yethu. Ungajonga ukuba azinazo na ii-anemia ngokujonga ubungakanani bazo, imilo, kunye nombala wazo. Ezinye izifo zemfuza, ezifana ne-thalassemia, zinokubangela utshintsho oluthile kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi.
• Iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe: Ezi zifana namajoni asemzimbeni wethu. Zilwa nezifo. Ukuba inani kunye nohlobo lwazo (umz. iiNeutrophils, iiLymphocytes) ziyatshintsha, oko kunokunika ulwazi malunga nosulelo ( iintsholongwane, usulelo lwentsholongwane) kwaye mhlawumbi nomhlaza wegazi ofana ne-leukemia .
• Iiplatelets: Iziqwenga ezincinci zeeseli ezinceda ekuqhekekeni kwegazi. Ukuba ezi ziphantsi, ukopha kunokwenzeka. Ezi zibaluleke kakhulu kwizifo ezifana ne -dengue .
• Ngamanye amaxesha iiparasite egazini, umzekelo iPlasmodium parasite ebangela imalariya , okanye iintshulube ezibangela ifilariasis, zinokufunyanwa phantsi kwemicroscope.

Uvavanyo lweesampuli zezicubu (iBiopsy)

Ngaba wakha weva ngegama elithi 'biopsy'? Lithetha ukuba xa kukho ukurhanelwa kwesifo kwindawo ethile emzimbeni wethu (umz. ulusu, ithumba, ilungu langaphakathi), kuthathwa iqhekeza elincinci lezicubu kuloo ndawo lize lihlolwe phantsi kwemakroskopu. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ekuxilongweni komhlaza .

Iiseli zomhlaza ziiseli eziziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo kwaye zibonakala zahlukile kwiiseli eziphilileyo. Ngoko ke, ngokujonga ezi seli phantsi kwe-microscope, sinokufumana ulwazi oluninzi olubalulekileyo, njengokuthi ingaba ngumhlaza okanye enye ingxaki (umz., usulelo, ukudumba), kwaye ukuba ngumhlaza, loluphi uhlobo, ukuba unzima kangakanani, kwaye usasazeke kangakanani. Sibiza iingcali ezenza olu vavanyo iingcali zezifo . Ngabo baqonda iimfihlo zale hlabathi le-microscopic kwaye basixelele ngesifo. Umzekelo, kuvavanyo lwe-Pap smear, olwenzelwa ukufumanisa umhlaza wesibeleko kubasetyhini, iiseli nazo zihlolwa phantsi kwe-microscope.

Ukuchonga iintsholongwane ezibangela izifo

Ngokuhlola iisampulu ze-mucus, umchamo, ilindle, kunye nobomvu obuvela emanxebeni phantsi kwe-microscope, kunokwenzeka ukufumanisa ukuba ziqulethe na izinto eziphilayo ezibangela izifo ezifana neebhaktheriya , iifungi , kunye nezinye iiparasite .

Khawuthelekelele ukuba ukhwehlela, baze bathathe i-phlegm bayivavanye. Ukuba bayijonga phantsi kwe-microscope baze bafumanise ukuba ine-bacteria ethile (umz., ii-bacteria ezibangela isifo sephepha), kuya kuba lula kugqirha ukuba anike amayeza afanelekileyo. Okanye ngamanye amaxesha, xa isifo sesikhumba sivela, i-microscope inokunceda ukwazi ngokuchanekileyo ukuba ingaba lusulelo lwefungus okanye yinto enye. Kwimeko yosulelo lomchamo, isampuli yomchamo ikwajongwa ii-bacteria kunye nee-pus cells. Isebe lezonyango elenza ezi vavanyo libizwa ngokuba yi-microbiology .

Oogqirha bayisebenzisa njani le microscope?

Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza ukuba, ukwenza njani oku kwaye wenza ntoni? Le yinkqubo enzima kancinci, kodwa kukho abantu abafumene uqeqesho olukhethekileyo lokukwenza.

1. Ukufumana isampulu: Okokuqala, izinto eziza kuvavanywa (ezifana negazi, umchamo, isiqwenga sesicwili, okanye i-sputum) zifunyanwa kwisigulana.

2. Ukulungiselela iSlayidi: Okulandelayo, isampuli ibekwa kwiqhekeza elincinci leglasi elilungiselelwe ngokukodwa (esilibiza ngokuba yislayidi) kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ipeyintwe ngemibala ekhethekileyo. Le mibala isetyenziselwa ukwenza kube lula ukubona iindawo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli, njengeebhaktheriya, xa zijongwa ngemakroskopu. Xa iindawo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli zibonwa ngemibala eyahlukeneyo, kulula ukubona umahluko. Umzekelo, iibhaktheriya zinokuhlulwahlulwa kusetyenziswa ibala leGram.

3. Ukujonga ngemakroskopu: Emva koko, isilayidi esilungisiweyo sibekwa kwimakroskopu size sijongwe ngeelensi zamandla okukhulisa ahlukeneyo. Imakroskopu ineelensi zamandla ahlukeneyo. Okokuqala, uyijonga ngamandla aphantsi, uze emva koko, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ngamandla aphezulu, ufumane ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ekhoyo apho.

4. Uhlalutyo kunye neNgxelo: Ngokusekelwe kwinto ebonwa phantsi kwe-microscope, ingcali yezifo okanye ingcali yelebhu yezonyango eqeqeshiweyo iyayihlalutya ize yenze ingxelo. Loo ngxelo yileyo ugqirha wakho ayifumanayo ukuze enze isigqibo malunga nesigulo sakho.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeemakroskopu?

Ewe, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeemayikroskopu. Sihlala sibona iimayikroskopu ezikhanyayo kwiilabhoratri zonyango. Ezi zisebenzisa ukukhanya ukukhulisa umfanekiso. Ezi zilungile ekujongeni izinto ezifana neebhaktheriya kunye neeseli. Kukwakho nezinye iintlobo ezikhethekileyo zezi zinto ezifana neemayikroskopu ze-fluorescence kunye neemayikroskopu ze-phase contrast.

Kodwa nezinto ezincinci, umzekelo iintsholongwane(Iintlobo ezininzi zeentsholongwane) Ukuze ubone izakhiwo ezincinci ngaphakathi kweeseli (ii-organelles), udinga ii-microscope ezinamandla ngakumbi. Zibizwa ngokuba zii-electron microscopes . Ezi zisebenzisa umqadi wee-electron endaweni yokukhanya. Zinkulu kakhulu kwaye zibiza kakhulu, ngoko ke zisetyenziswa kakhulu kuphando olukhethekileyo kunye nokuxilongwa kwezifo okuntsonkothileyo. Kodwa into esinceda kakhulu ekuchongeni izifo yi-microscope yokukhanya endikhankanyileyo ngaphambili.

Oko kufuneka ukwazi ngale nto

Ngoko ke, kwixesha elizayo xa ugqirha wakho ekucela ukuba wenze uvavanyo lwegazi okanye olunye uvavanyo lwesampuli, khumbula ukuba inxalenye yalo mhlawumbi iya kujonga phantsi kwemakroskopu. Oko kunokunika ugqirha ulwazi oluninzi malunga nezinto ezincinci emzimbeni wakho.

Oku akuyonto ifanele uyoyike. I-microscope ifana nomhlobo onokubona isigulo sakho ngokukhawuleza aze akuncede uphile ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuba kukho into ongayiqondiyo kwingxelo yakho yelebhu, qiniseka ukuba ubuza ugqirha wakho. Ungoyiki ukubuza, "Gqirha, ungandichazela oku?" Unelungelo lokwaziswa ngempilo yakho. Uyayazi?

Okokugqibela, yintoni ekufuneka uyikhumbule

Kulungile, ngoko ke ngokwento esithethe ngayo namhlanje, mhlawumbi ungayiqonda indlela i-microscope ebaluleke ngayo kwaye ibaluleke ngayo kwezonyango.

• Isenza sikwazi ukubona izinto ezincinci ezingenakubonwa ngamehlo ethu, ukusuka kwiiseli ukuya kwiibhaktheriya .
• Oku kunceda ekufumaneni izifo ezininzi ezinje ngomhlaza , usulelo , kunye ne-anemia kwangethuba.
• Eli lithuba elihle kakhulu koogqirha lokufumana uxilongo oluchanekileyo baze baqale unyango oluchanekileyo ngokufanelekileyo.
• I-microscope ifana neqhawe elithuleyo kwezempilo. Ulwazi olulunikayo ludla ngokuba sisixhobo sokusindisa ubomi.

Ngoko ke, imakroskopu ayiloqhekeza nje lesinyithi, ngummangaliso wesayensi onceda ekusindiseni ubomi! Ukuba unokuqonda okuncinci ngaloo nto, lolo luvuyo lwale bali.

Imakroskopu , Iiseli, Uxilongo, Uvavanyo lwezonyango, I-Pathology