Ngaba wakha weva ngesifo sikaLegionnaires? Eli gama lisenokuvakala lingaqhelekanga, akunjalo? Kodwa eneneni sisifo esichaphazela imiphunga yethu, kwaye sinokuba yingozi ngamanye amaxesha. Sibangelwa yintsholongwane. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngeSifo sikaLegionnaires ngendlela elula neqondakala lula.
Yintoni isifo seLegionnaires?
Ngamafutshane, isifo seLegionnaires sisifo esiyingozi kakhulu emiphungeni yethu esibangelwa luhlobo lwebhaktheriya ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(Legionella)`. Sifana ne-pneumonia. Sinokuchaphazela kungekuphela nje imiphunga yethu, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ingqondo yethu kwanendlela yethu yokugaya ukutya.
Kukho omnye umkhuhlane ongenamandla obangelwa yintsholongwane efanayo, obizwa ngokuba yiPontiac fever. Awubi buhlungu njengesifo sikaLegionnaires, kwaye ubangela iimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, njengomkhuhlane kunye neentlungu zomzimba. Nangona kunjalo, isifo sikaLegionnaires sinokuba yingozi ebomini, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela oku.
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-pneumonia kunye nesifo seLegionnaires?
Ngoku mhlawumbi ucinga, "Ngoko ke i-pneumonia kunye nesifo seLegionnaires zizinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo?" Ewe, zinjalo. I-pneumonia ligama eliqhelekileyo losulelo lwemiphunga. Isifo seLegionnaires luhlobo olufanayo lwe-pneumonia, kodwa senzeka ngokukodwa xa intsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(Legionella)` ingena emiphungeni.
Uninzi lwabantu abasuleleka sesi sifo baze bangeniswe esibhedlele baneempawu ezifana nomkhuhlane kunye nokukhwehlela. Nangona kunjalo, abanye banokufumana ezinye iimpawu ezifana norhudo kunye nokudideka (ukulahlekelwa zingqondo).
Ngubani onokuba nethuba elikhulu lokufumana isifo seLegionnaires?
Enyanisweni, ayinguye wonke umntu ochaphazeleka yintsholongwane ethi `(Legionella)` oza kuba nesi sifo. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu yokuba naso. Jonga ukuba ezi nyaniso ziyasebenza na kuwe:
- Ukuba uneminyaka engaphezu kwama-50 ubudala.
- Ukuba ungumntu otshayayo, okanye ukhe watshaya ngaphambili.
- Ukuba amajoni omzimba wakho abuthathaka. Ezinye izifo (umzekelo, usulelo lwe-HIV, isifo seswekile, umhlaza, isifo sezintso okanye sesibindi) kunye namanye amayeza anokunciphisa amajoni akho omzimba.
- Ukuba unesifo sokuphefumla esihlala ixesha elide, njenge-COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) okanye i-Emphysema.
- Ukuba uhlala kwindawo yokhathalelo lwexesha elide, njengekhaya labalupheleyo.
- Ukuba usandul' ukungeniswa esibhedlele.
- Ukuba usandul’ ukwenziwa utyando phantsi kwe-anesthesia.
- Ukuba usandul’ ukufakelwa amalungu omzimba.
Aba bantu bathambekele ngakumbi ekufumaneni isifo seLegionnaires kunabanye.
Isifo seLegionnaires sixhaphake kangakanani?
Kwilizwe elifana neMelika, malunga ne-18,000 yabantu bangeniswa esibhedlele minyaka le ngenxa yesi sifo. Sibonakala rhoqo ukususela ngoJuni ukuya ku-Okthobha. Iimeko ezifanayo zinokuxelwa naseSri Lanka, ngoko ke kulungile ukuba uqaphele.
Zithini iimpawu zesifo seLegionnaires?
Iimpawu zeLegionella ziqala ukubonakala kwiintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezilishumi elinesine emva kokudibana nebhaktheriya. Iimpawu ezifana ne-pneumonia zezokuqala ukubonakala. Ukongeza, iimpawu ezibandakanya inkqubo yemithambo-luvo (ubuchopho) kunye nenkqubo yesisu (amathumbu) nazo zinokuvela.
Makhe sijonge ezinye zeempawu eziphambili:
- Umkhuhlane (odla ngokugqitha ama-40 degrees Celsius (104⁰ F/40⁰ C))
- Ukukhwehlela (idla ngokuba kukukhwehlela okomileyo)
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla (i-Dyspnea)
- Urhudo
- Intlungu yemisipha
- Intloko ebuhlungu
- Isicaphucaphu (ukuziva ugula)
- Ukudideka (ukudideka, ukudideka)
- Ukukhwehlela igazi (iHemoptysis)
- Intlungu zesisu
Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, kufuneka ubone ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.
Yintoni ebangela isifo seLegionnaires?
Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, unobangela oyintloko wesi sifo yintsholongwane ethi `(Legionella)`. Nangona kukho malunga neentlobo ezingama-60 zentsholongwane ethi `(Legionella)`, eyona ixhaphakileyo ebangela isifo seLegionnaires yi `(Legionella pneumophila). Esi sifo senzeka xa le ntsholongwane ingena emiphungeni yethu ize ibangele usulelo.
Le ntsholongwane ye-`(Legionella)` ihlala ngokwemvelo kumachibi, kwimilambo, nasemhlabeni. Nangona kunjalo, idla ngokusasazeka ebantwini kwiindawo ezifana neenkqubo zamanzi kunye neenkqubo zomoya opholileyo kwizakhiwo ezinkulu. Umzekelo, ukuba ezi nkqubo kwiihotele, kwizibhedlele, nakwiiofisi ezinkulu azigcinwa kakuhle, le ntsholongwane inokukhula ize ikhutshwe emoyeni njengamathontsi amanzi. Xa siphefumla loo mathontsi amanzi, anokuya ngqo emiphungeni yethu. Okanye, amanzi angcolileyo emilonyeni yethu anokungena ngengozi "emqaleni" aze aye emiphungeni yethu (oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-`(aspiration)`).
Isifo seLegionnaires sisasazeka njani kuthi?
Esi sifo sidluliselwa kakhulu ngokuphefumla amathontsi amancinci amanzi (amanzi afakwe umoya okanye inkungu) angcoliswe yintsholongwane yeLegionella. Okanye, ngokuphefumla amanzi angcolisiweyo ngqo emiphungeni (i-aspiration).
Ukuqhambuka kwesifo seLegionnaires kuye kwaxelwa kwiindawo ezifana neehotele, izibhedlele, amakhaya abantu abalupheleyo, kunye neenqanawa zohambo. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zihlala zixelwa njengeziganeko ezizodwa.
Kukho iindawo ezininzi apho esi sifo sinokusasazeka khona:
- Iibhafu ezishushu kunye neejacuzzi
- Intloko yeshawa (ishawa kwigumbi lokuhlambela)
- Impompo yamanzi
- Izinto zokufumisa
- Iimpawu zamanzi ezihombisayo ezifana nemithombo yamanzi
- Iinkqubo zokufudumeza nokupholisa kwizakhiwo ezinkulu
- Ukufakwa kwetyhubhu ngexesha lotyando
- Umhlaba (ingakumbi osuka ekuphefumleni uthuli kwiindawo zokwakha)
Kubalulekile: Isifo seLegionnaires asisasazeka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Oko kukuthi, asisosifo esosulelayo. Usifumana kuphela xa ufumana iintsholongwane kwindawo esingqongileyo.
Isifo seLegionnaires sifunyanwa njani?
Ukuba uneempawu zesifo sikaLegionnaires, xa ubona ugqirha, baya kuqala bakubuze ngeempawu zakho, imbali yakho yempilo, kunye nayo nayiphi na imbali yohambo lwakho lwakutshanje. Emva koko baya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba.
Ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo zingenziwa ukuqinisekisa isifo:
- Uvavanyo lomchamo okanye uvavanyo lwesikhohlela: Olu lolona vavanyo luqhelekileyo. Bakhangela iintsholongwane zeLegionella kwisampulu yomchamo wakho okanye kwisampulu yesikhohlela esiphuma ekukhwehleleni kwakho.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi: Isampuli yegazi lakho ingathathwa ukujonga ii-antibodies okanye iindawo zebhaktheriya ezenziwe ngumzimba wakho ngokuchasene nebhaktheriya iLegionella. Oku kungajonga nokuba amanye amalungu akho asebenza kakuhle kangakanani na.
- I-X-ray yesifuba okanye i-CT scan: Le mifanekiso inokunceda ukujonga ukuba kukho usulelo kwimiphunga yakho, njenge-pneumonia.
- I-Bronchoscopy: Ngamanye amaxesha, ugqirha unokufuna ukufaka ityhubhu encinci, enekhamera emiphungeni. Oku kuvumela ugqirha ukuba ahlole ngqo ingaphakathi lemiphunga aze athathe iisampulu ukuze zivavanywe.
- I-Thoracentesis: Ukuba kukho ulwelo olujikeleze imiphunga, isampuli yolo lwelo ingathathwa ize ivavanywe intsholongwane yeLegionella.
Olu vavanyo lolona hlobo lokuchonga ngokuchanekileyo ukuba unesifo seLegionnaires okanye awunaso.
Isifo seLegionnaires sinyangwa njani?
Isifo seLegionnaires sinyangwa ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane . La mayeza okubulala iintsholongwane anokunikwa njengenaliti emthanjeni (IV) okanye njengeepilisi, kuxhomekeke kubukhulu besifo.
Ukuba unengxaki yokuphefumla, unokufuna ukunikwa ioksijini. Unyango lwale meko ludla ngokufuna ukuhlala esibhedlele.
Ezinye zezona ntlobo ziphambili zee-antibiotics ezisetyenziselwa unyango zezi:
- I-Azithromycin
- I-Levofloxacin, i-Moxifloxacin okanye i-Ciprofloxacin
- I-Tetracycline, i-doxycycline , okanye i-minocycline
- I-Rifampin (inikwa kunye nezinye ii-antibiotics)
Kwezinye iimeko ezinzima, ukuba awukwazi ukuphefumla wedwa, unokufuna uncedo lokuphefumla ngoncedo lomatshini (umoya woomatshini).
Singenza ntoni ukuze sizikhusele kwisifo seLegionnaires?
Kukho izinto thina, kunye nabaphathi bezakhiwo, esinokuzenza ukunciphisa lo mngcipheko.
- Abaphathi bezakhiwo ezinkulu: Kubalulekile ukugcina nokubulala iintsholongwane ngokufanelekileyo kwimibhobho yamanzi, kwi-air conditioner, nakwiindawo zokupholisa zesakhiwo sakho. Oku kunokunceda ekulawuleni ukukhula kwebhaktheriya yeLegionella.
- Izinto esinokuzenza ekhaya:
- Coca izinto ezifana neentloko zeeshawa, iimpompo, iibhafu ezishushu, kunye nezinto zokufumisa rhoqo.
- Musa ukusebenzisa amanzi aqhelekileyo endaweni yolwelo lwe-wiper olusebenzisa i-windscreen emotweni yakho, kuba le ntsholongwane inokukhula nakwelo tanki lamanzi.
Yintoni onokuyilindela ukuba unesifo seLegionnaires?
Isifo seLegionnaires sinokukwenza ugule kakhulu, sidla ngokufuna unyango lwasesibhedlele. Kodwa iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba sinokunyangwa ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane.
Kuya kufuneka uthathe amayeza nokuba sele ufikile ekhaya uvela esibhedlele ude usulelo luphele ngokupheleleyo. Abanye abantu banokuba nezi mpawu kangangeenyanga eziliqela emva kokuba bephilile:
- Ndiziva ndidiniwe kakhulu (Ndidinwe kakhulu)
- Iingxaki ngokulinganisela okanye ukulungelelaniswa
- Ubunzima bokuhamba
- Intetho engacacanga
- Intlungu yemisipha
Ukuba iimpawu ezinje ziyaqhubeka, kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho.
Iingxaki zesifo seLegionnaires
Ngamanye amaxesha, isifo seLegionnaires sinokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu. Ezi zinokuchaphazela amalungu ethu omzimba kunye nemisipha.
- Ukungaphumeleli kokuphefumla: Xa imiphunga ingakwazi ukubonelela ngeoksijini eyaneleyo egazini, oku kubizwa ngokuba kukungaphumeleli kokuphefumla. Kwimeko enjalo, ukuphefumla kunikwa ngoncedo lomatshini (umoya woomatshini).
- Ukulimala kwezintso okukhawulezileyo (AKI): Xa izintso ziyeka ukusebenza, azikwazi ukucoca inkunkuma egazini. Oku kunyangwa ngamayeza okanye ngomatshini wokucoca igazi (i-dialysis).
- I-Encephalopathy: Iimpawu ezinxulumene nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo (ukudideka, iingxaki zokulinganisela, ubunzima bokuthetha) zinokuba mandundu.
- I-Empyema: Umngxuma ogcwele ubovu kwindawo ejikeleze imiphunga. Oku kunokufuna ityhubhu yesifuba ukuze kukhutshwe ubovu.
- Ukudumba kwentliziyo yakho: Iintsholongwane ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane entliziyweni zinokubangela ukudumba. Ngamanye amaxesha oku kunokunyangeka ngamayeza.
- I-Rhabdomyolysis: Imeko ebangelwa kukonakala kwemisipha kunye nokuqhekeka kwayo. Oku kunyangwa ngokususa ubuthi emzimbeni.
Ezi ngxaki azifumaneki kuye wonke umntu, kodwa ukuba isifo siba sibi kakhulu, ezi zinto zinokwenzeka, ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna unyango ngokukhawuleza.
Ngaba ungasinda kwisifo seLegionnaires?
Nangona isifo seLegionnaires sisifo esibi kakhulu, uninzi lwabantu luyasinda kuso. Ngonyango olufanelekileyo, izinga lokufa ngenxa yosulelo lwemiphunga olubangelwa yiLegionella liphakathi kwe-5% kunye ne-10%. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba asinyangwa, umngcipheko wokufa ungafikelela kwi-30% ukuya kwi-80%. Ke ngoko, ukufuna iingcebiso zonyango kwangoko nje xa iimpawu zibonakala kunokusindisa ubomi.
Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?
Ukuba uneempawu zesifo sikaLegionnaires (ezifana nomkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, ukuphefumla kancinci, urhudo, kunye nokudideka esikuxubushileyo ngaphambili), bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.
Kwakhona, ukuba ufumanisa ngokuqhambuka kwesifo seLegionnaires apho usebenza okanye uhlala khona, buza ugqirha wakho ukuba zeziphi izilumkiso omele uzithathe.
Ndingaya nini kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (i-ETU) ?
Ukuba unomkhuhlane ophezulu, ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumla, ukukhohlela igazi, okanye iimpawu ezinxulumene nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo (iingxaki zokulinganisela, intetho engacacanga, ukudideka), yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka elikufutshane ngoko nangoko.
Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?
Ukuba ufunyaniswe unesifo seLegionnaires, ungabuza ugqirha wakho imibuzo efana nale:
- Kuza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba ndiphile?
- Ndingayisebenzisa njani kanye kanye le yeza?
- Zeziphi iimpawu ezintsha okanye eziqhubekayo ekufuneka ndizixhalabise ngazo?
Okokugqibela, yintoni ekufuneka uyikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)
Ngoko ke, iLegionnaires' Disease, esithethe ngayo namhlanje, yimeko ekufuneka siyixhalabele ngokwenene, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha inokuba yingozi ebomini. Kodwa, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba sisifo esinokunyangwa kwaye siyanyangeka .
Khumbula:
* Ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu zesi sifo, musa ukuchitha ixesha kwaye funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko.
* Lumka ngakumbi ngale nto ukuba ukwiqela elisengozini (njengabantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwama-50 ubudala, umntu otshayayo, okanye umntu onenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka).
* Ukugcinwa ngokufanelekileyo kweenkqubo zamanzi ezisingqongileyo, ingakumbi ezo zikwizakhiwo ezinkulu nakwiihotele, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwesi sifo.
* Gcina izinto ezifana neempompo kunye neentloko zeeshawa zicocekile ekhaya.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luluncedo kuwe. Hlala usempilweni!
👩🏽⚕️ Imibuzo eyongezelelweyo (Ii-FAQ)
💬 Ngaba isifo seLegionnaires sisifo esosulelayo njenge-coronavirus?
Hayi! Esi asisosifo sisasazeka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye ngokukhohlela okanye ukuthimla. Esi sisifo esibi kakhulu semiphunga (usulelo lwemiphunga) esibangelwa yintsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yiLegionella. Sisasazeka kuphela ngamanzi angcoliswe yintsholongwane.
💬 Ukuba ayidluliselwanga ebantwini, ingena njani emzimbeni?
Le ntsholongwane ifumaneka kakhulu kwiimatshini ezinkulu ze-AC (ii-Cooling towers) kwiihotele nakwizakhiwo ezinkulu, kwiibhafu ezishushu, naphantsi kweeshawa. Xa siphefumla amathontsi amancinci amanzi (iMist / ii-Aerosols) kuloo manzi, esi sifo siyenzeka.
💬 Zithini iimpawu zesi sifo? Ingaba ngumkhuhlane oqhelekileyo?
Ayisiyonto iqhelekileyo yomkhuhlane, iqala ngomkhuhlane ophezulu, iintlungu zomzimba eziqatha, kunye nentloko ebuhlungu. Emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa, kuvela ukukhwehlela okune-mucus etyheli (enegazi). Eyona nto ikhethekileyo kukuba kunye neengxaki zemiphunga, urhudo kunye nokudideka kwenzeka. Ukuba ezi zinto zikhona, kufuneka ulaliswe esibhedlele ngoko nangoko ukuze uthathe amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane.
Isifo seLegionnaires , iPneumonia, iLegionella, usulelo lwemiphunga, iintsholongwane, ubunzima bokuphefumla, iiAntibiotics
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