Masifunde ngakumbi ngeLeptospirosis - Indlela yokuhlala ukhuselekile kuyo!

Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesifo esoyikekayo esidla ngokuthethwa ngaso ngexesha lemvula kwilizwe lethu. Ngaba ukhe weva nge -'bee fever' ? Yiyo loo nto. Kodwa ngokwezonyango, ibizwa ngokuba yiLeptospirosis. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngento eyenzeka apha, indlela ebangelwa ngayo, zithini iimpawu zayo, kunye nendlela yokuzikhusela kuyo.

Yintoni iLeptospirosis? Ngamazwi alula...

I-Leptospirosis lusulelo olubangelwa luhlobo lwebhaktheriya ebizwa ngokuba yiLeptospira. Le bhaktheriya inokungena emzimbeni wakho ngokukrwela okuncinci okanye ukusikwa eluswini lwakho, okanye kwiindawo ezivulekileyo njengamehlo akho, impumlo, okanye umlomo. Cinga ngayo njengesela eliqhekeza indlu yakho.

Esi sisifo sezilwanyana . Oku kuthetha ukuba ungasifumana esi sifo ukuba udibana ngqo nomchamo (siwubiza ngokuba ngumchamo ) okanye ulwelo oluvela kwinkqubo yokuzala yesilwanyana esineentsholongwane, okanye ukuba utya amanzi, umhlaba, okanye ukutya okungcoliswe yile ntsholongwane.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuphuhlisa oku?

Enyanisweni, nabani na emhlabeni unokufumana i-leptospirosis. Nangona kunjalo, ixhaphake kakhulu kumazwe ashushu, ashushu, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezinemvula entle unyaka wonke . Ilizwe lethu, iSri Lanka, lelinye lazo. Ngoko ke, ukuba uhlala kwindawo enjalo, okanye ukuba uhambahamba, umngcipheko uphezulu.

Cinga ngale ndlela:

• Abalimi abasebenza emasimini , abantu abasebenza kwiindawo ezimanzi.
• Abantu abacoca iinkqubo zokukhupha amanzi amdaka , abasebenzi bakamasipala.
• Abantu abasebenza ngokusondeleyo nezilwanyana ezifama (izilwanyana ezifana neenkomo, iibhokhwe, iihagu, kunye nezinja).
• Kwabo bahamba emanzini angcolileyo ngexesha leentlekele zemvelo ezifana nezikhukula , kunye nabasebenzi boncedo.
• Ngamanye amaxesha, le ngozi inokubakho naxa udada emlanjeni, emjelweni, emlanjeni, okanye echibini ukuze uzonwabele , ingakumbi kwiindawo apho amanzi athathwa njengangcolileyo, okanye xa usenza imidlalo yamanzi (njengokukhwela i-white water rafting). Le ngozi inkulu nangakumbi ngexesha lemvula nasemva kwezikhukula.

KwanaseMelika, esi sifo sisasazeke emva kwezikhukula kumazwe afana neHawaii neFlorida. Ngoko ke oku akuyonto ifanele ithathwe lula.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le sifo? Ixhaphake kangakanani ebantwini?

Kumazwe ngamazwe, kuqikelelwa ukuba abantu abangaphezu kwesigidi bafumana i-leptospirosis minyaka le . Kwaba bantu , phantse amawaka angamashumi amathandathu bayafa . Oku kuthetha ukuba esi sisifo esinokubulala. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba sikuqaphele oku.

Zithini izigaba ze-leptospirosis?

Kukho amanqanaba amabini aphambili e-leptospirosis.

1. Isigaba seLeptospiremic okanye isigaba esikhawulezileyo:Eli linqanaba lokuqala. Eli nqanaba lingaqala kwiintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezilishumi elinesine emva kokuba ibhaktheriya ethi `Leptospira` ingenile emzimbeni. Ihlala malunga neentsuku ezintathu ukuya kwezilishumi. Ngeli xesha, ibhaktheriya ijikeleza egazini lakho ize iye kwizitho zakho zangaphakathi . Uvavanyo lwegazi ngeli xesha lunokubonisa iimpawu zosulelo. Abanye abantu banokuba neempawu ezincinci ezifana nomkhuhlane ngeli xesha, ngelixa abanye bengenazo iimpawu kwaphela.

2. Isigaba sokukhuseleka komzimba (isigaba samva): Kule nqanaba, iintsholongwane sele zisasazekile zisuka egazini ziye kwizitho zakho zomzimba. Le ntsholongwane iqokelelana kwizintso, ingakumbi kwizintso . (Izintso zifana nesihluzo emzimbeni wethu esicoca igazi). Ngoko ke, ukuba wenza uvavanyo lomchamo ngeli xesha, ungafumana iimpawu zentsholongwane. Ungabona nee-antibodies ezichasene ne-'Leptospira' bacteria egazini lakho.

Kungexesha lokuphendula komzimba apho abanye abantu baba nesifo esibi esibizwa ngokuba yi-Weil's syndrome . Oku kunokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu ezifana nokopha ngaphakathi, ukonakala kwezintso, kunye nokutyheli kwamehlo nolusu (i-jaundice).

Ziziphi iimpawu ze-leptospirosis?

Abanye abantu bafumana iimpawu ezingephi ezifana nomkhuhlane, ngelixa abanye bengenazo kwaphela iimpawu. Kwiimeko ezinzima, iimpawu ziquka ukopha ngaphakathi kunye nokonakala kwamalungu omzimba.

Iimpawu ezibonakala ngequbuliso kwi-leptospirosis ebukhali:

• Ukuba nomkhuhlane ophezulu
• Ububomvu bamehlo (ukufakwa kwe-conjunctival)
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Ukugodola ( ukuziva ubanda )
• Iintlungu zemisipha
• Intlungu zesisu
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza
• Urhudo
• Ukutyheli kolusu namehlo (i-Jaundice) - Olu luphawu ekufuneka ulunike ingqalelo.
• Ukuqhambuka kwesikhumba, ukuqhambuka

Iimpawu ze-leptospirosis enzima ``Weil's syndrome'' (zinokubonakala emva kweentsuku ezi-3-10 emva kokuba iimpawu zokuqala ziqalile):

• Ukukhohlela igazi (i-hemoptysis)
• Iintlungu zesifuba
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla
• Ukutyheli okumnyama kolusu namehlo
• Indle emnyama , ehlala ixesha elide - Oku kungaba luphawu lokopha ngaphakathi.
• Igazi kumchamo (i-hematuria)
• Ukuncipha kokuchama
• Amabala abomvu acwebezelayo eluswini, afana nokurhawuzelela (petechiae)

Ukuba unezinye zezi mpawu zinzima, kufuneka uye esibhedlele ngoko nangoko .

Izizathu kunye nokusasazeka kwe-leptospirosis

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, i-leptospirosis ibangelwa yintsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yi-'Leptospira'. Le ntsholongwane ingena emzimbeni wakho ngomlomo, empumlweni, emehlweni, okanye eluswini lwakho. Emva koko ihamba ngegazi lakho iye kwizitho zakho zomzimba, ingakumbi izintso zakho. Izintso kulapho igazi lethu "licocwa khona".

Izintso zikhupha inkunkuma kunye neetyhefu ngomchamo. Ngoko ke, ezi ntsholongwane ezikwizintso nazo ziphuma emzimbeni ngomchamo. Yiyo le ndlela i-leptospirosis edluliselwa ngayo komnye umntu okanye kwisilwanyana.

Amaxesha amaninzi, abantu bosulelwa sesi sifo ngumchamo wezilwanyana ezinentsholongwane ethi 'Leptospira'. Iimpuku zezona zithwala kakhulu, yiyo loo nto ibizwa ngokuba yi 'rat fever'. Kodwa ayizo kuphela iimpuku, kodwa nasiphi na isilwanyana esanyisayo esifana nezinja, iinkomo, amahashe, iihagu esinokufumana esi sifo, kwaye singasifumana kuzo. Ezinye izilwanyana zisenokungabonakalisi zimpawu xa zifumana esi sifo.

Ngoko ke, ukuba udibana namanzi (amanzi asemasimini e-raddy, amanzi amdaka, amanzi akhukulayo) okanye umhlaba ongcoliswe ngumchamo wezi zilwanyana, ungagula.

• Ukudibana ngqo nomchamo okanye olunye ulwelo lomzimba lwesilwanyana esinesifo.
• Ngokufaka amanzi okanye umhlaba ongcolileyo emehlweni akho, empumlweni, okanye emlonyeni, okanye ngokuchukumisa ulusu oluphukileyo .

Emva kwemvula enkulu okanye izikhukula, abantu abaninzi banokufumana esi sifo ngaxeshanye. Njengoko amanzi ezikhukula ehamba, le bhaktiriya iqokelelana emilanjeni, kwimilambo, nakumachibi.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba i-leptospirosis ayidluli kakhulu ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Oku kuthetha ukuba ayinakudluliselwa ngokuthetha okanye ngokuxhawulana nomntu ogulayo.

Sifunyaniswa njani esi sifo? (Ukuxilongwa)

Ukuba uneempawu ze-leptospirosis, ugqirha uza kukuxilonga aze akubuze ngeempawu zakho, ukuba ubuphi (ingakumbi ukuba ubukhe wadibana namanzi angcolileyo), kunye nento oyenzayo. Emva koko, kunokwenziwa ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi nomchamo: Kuthathwa igazi elincinci engalweni yakho, okanye kuthathwe isampuli yomchamo, kwaye uvavanyo lwenziwa ukujonga iimpawu zebhaktheriya yeLeptospira.
• Uvavanyo lwemifanekiso: Ukuba uneempawu eziqatha, ugqirha wakho angenza i -X-ray yesifuba okanye i-CT scan . Ezi zinokujonga umonakalo kwizitho zakho zangaphakathi.

Iphathwa njani i-leptospirosis?

Oogqirha banyanga i-leptospirosis ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane . Ukuba uneempawu ezilula nezincinci, banokukuxelela ukuba ubone ukuba uyachacha na ngaphandle konyango, kodwa kufuneka uhlale ujonge iimpawu zakho.

Ukuba une-leptospirosis enzima (efana ne-Weil's syndrome), kuya kufuneka ulaliswe esibhedlele ngokuqinisekileyo.Emva koko amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane anikwa ngqo egazini ngesisombululo se-saline (IV). Ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni leliphi ilungu lomzimba elichaphazelekileyo, amayeza okanye unyango olongezelelweyo lunokufuneka.

Amayeza kunye neendlela ezisetyenziswa kunyango:

• Iiantibiotics: Iiantibiotics ezifana ne -doxycycline, i-amoxicillin , i-ampicillin, i-penicillin-G, kunye ne-ceftriaxone zisetyenziselwa oku. Ugqirha uya kugqiba ukuba loluphi unyango aza kukunika lona ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni imeko yakho imbi kangakanani na kunye nembali yakho yempilo.
• Umoya womoya osetyenziswa ngoomatshini: Ukuba usulelo lusasazeke emiphungeni yakho kwaye unengxaki yokuphefumla, unokufuna ukunikwa umatshini wokuphefumla. Ngeli xesha, uza kulaliswa.
• I-Plasmapheresis: Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-plasma exchange, olu nyango lunokunceda abantu abasengozini yokonakala kwamalungu omzimba ngenxa ye-leptospirosis. Oku kuquka ukuthatha igazi lakho ngetyhubhu eqhagamshelwe kumthambo, kusetyenziswa umatshini ukwahlula i-plasma egazini lakho, ulitshintshe nge-plasma substitute, uze ulibuyisele kwakhona egazini emzimbeni wakho.

Ungazilawula njani iimpawu?

Ukuba uneempawu ezingephi, ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela into omawuyenze ukunceda ekunciphiseni iimpawu. Xa umkhuhlane kunye neentlungu zomzimba, ungathatha amayeza okunciphisa iintlungu athengiswa ngaphandle kwe-ibuprofen (umz., i-Advil®, i-Motrin®) okanye i-acetaminophen (umz., i-Tylenol®, i-Panadol®). Kodwa musa ukuthatha naluphi na unyango rhoqo ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha wakho .

Ungazikhusela njani kwi-leptospirosis? (Ukuthintela)

Okwangoku akukho gonyo lokugonya oku eMelika, kwaye kunjalo nakwilizwe lethu. Ngoko ke, eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzikhusela kwi-leptospirosis kukuphepha ukudada emanzini anokuba angcoliswe ngumchamo wezilwanyana . Ingakumbi hlala kude namanzi akhukulayo.

Nazi ezinye iindlela onokunciphisa ngazo umngcipheko wakho:

• Ukuthatha iProphylaxis: Ukuba uhamba kwindawo enobungozi obukhulu okanye wenza umsebenzi onobungozi obukhulu (umz., umsebenzi wokunceda abantu abagula zizikhukula), buza ugqirha wakho ukuba ungayisebenzisa na imithi (umz., i-doxycycline) ukuthintela ukuba esi sifo singabikho.
• Zigcine kude nezilwanyana ezinokuba ne-leptospirosis. Musa ukuya naphi na apho kukho iimpuku.
• Ukuba usebenza nezilwanyana okanye ukwindawo ebandakanya izilwanyana, nxiba impahla yokuzikhusela kunye nezihlangu (umz., izihlangu xa usiya emasimini).
• Ukuba kufuneka ufake izandla zakho emanzini okanye emhlabeni onokuba ungcolisiwe, nxiba izihlangu zokuzikhusela kunye nempahla.
• Yeka ukuhlamba nokudlala imidlalo yamanzi emachibini, emilanjeni, nasemifuleni emva kwezikhukula.
• Sela amanzi acocekileyo kuphela. Musa ukusela amanzi ngqo avela emachibini, emilanjeni, okanye emilanjeni. Ubuncinane wabilise kakuhle uze uwasele.
• Ukuba kufuneka uphathe izilwanyana ezifileyo, nxiba iiglavu. Musa ukuzichukumisa ngezandla ezingagqunywanga, kwaye emva koko uhlambe izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha.
• Gquma amanxeba avulekileyo kunye nemikrwelo eluswini lwakho ngebhandeji elingangeni manzi.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ufumana i-leptospirosis? (Isifo sokuqikelela)

Uninzi lweemeko ze-leptospirosis azinabungozi kangako, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ziyaphela ngaphandle konyango . Nangona kunjalo, ugqirha uya kujonga iimpawu zakho.

Ukuba iimpawu zakho ziya zisiba mandundu, okanye ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu ezintsha, xelela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko. Ukuba uneempawu zesifo sikaWeil, yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka kwisibhedlele esikufutshane nawe.

Ihlala ixesha elingakanani i-leptospirosis?

I-leptospirosis engephi inokuhlala iintsuku ezimbalwa ukuya kwiiveki ezimbalwa. Ukuba une-leptospirosis enzima, kuya kufuneka uhlale esibhedlele malunga neeveki ezimbini. Iimeko ezinzima zingathatha iinyanga ezininzi ukuze uphile ngokupheleleyo.

Ndingabuyela nini emsebenzini/esikolweni?

I-Leptospirosis ayifumaneki rhoqo ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye, ngoko ke wakuba uphilile kwaye uzive ungcono, ungabuyela emsebenzini okanye esikolweni.

Ngaba abantu bayasinda kwi-leptospirosis?

Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo. Uninzi lwabantu abafumana i-leptospirosis abanazo iimpawu, okanye iimpawu ezincinci kakhulu, kwaye bayazigqibela ngokwabo.

Kuphela malunga ne-1% yabantu abafumana i-leptospirosis bafumana imeko enzima eyaziwa ngokuba yi-'Weil's syndrome .' I-Weil's syndrome inokubulala ukuba ayinyangwa ngokukhawuleza okanye ukuba unyango lulibaziseka. Nangona kunjalo , ukuba iqatshelwe kwangethuba kwaye inyangwa ngokufanelekileyo, kukho ithuba elihle lokuchacha ngokupheleleyo.

Ndingazinyamekela njani?

Ukuba ufunyaniswe une-leptospirosis, hlala ujonge iimpawu zakho. Xelela ugqirha wakho ukuba ziya zisiba mandundu okanye ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu ezintsha. Sela iziselo ezininzi kwaye uphumle.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba ukhe wadibana namanzi okanye umhlaba onokuba nongcoliseko, uze emva koko ubonakalise iimpawu ze-leptospirosis, bona ugqirha.

Ufanele uye nini kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (i-ETU) ?

Ukuba unale mpawu, yiya esibhedlele esikufutshane ngoko nangoko:

• Ukuba ukhohlela kwaye wopha igazi
• Ukuba unentlungu esifubeni
• Ukuba unengxaki yokuphefumla
• Ukuba amehlo nolusu lujika lube tyheli
• Ukuba unezitulo ezimnyama, ezihlala ixesha elide
• Ukuba kukho igazi kumchamo
• Ukuba ubungakanani bomchamo obuvelisiweyo bunciphile
• Ukuba unamabala abomvu eluswini lwakho (njengerhashalala)

Yeyiphi imibuzo omele uyibuze ugqirha?

Xa ubona ugqirha wakho, ungambuza le mibuzo:

• Ndisifumene njani esi sifo?
• Ndifanele ndiphinde ndimbone ugqirha kwakhona?
• Zeziphi iimpawu ekufuneka ndiziqaphele, kwaye kufuneka ndithethe nawe xa zisenzeka?
• Zeziphi iimpawu ekufuneka ndiye kwigumbi likaxakeka ukuze ndizifumane?

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

I-Leptospirosis, okanye 'umkhuhlane weempuku' njengoko siwubiza njalo, sisifo esidla ngokubangela iimpawu ezingephi, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha sinokuba nzima kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba usemngciphekweni wokuvezwa ngenxa yomsebenzi okanye izinto ozithandayo.

Kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba ufanele uyeke ukubheqa isikhephe sakho nokubheqa emasimini. Ngokwazi iingozi, ukuthatha amanyathelo okhuseleko, kunye nokwazi iimpawu, unokuhlala usempilweni kwaye ukhuselekile. Lumka ngakumbi ngexesha lemvula nangexesha lezikhukula. Ukugcina indawo okuyo icocekile kukwayindlela elungileyo yokuhlala ukhuselekile kwezi zifo.

Umkhuhlane weempuku , iLeptospirosis, iLeptospirosis, usulelo lweebhaktheriya, Izifo zezilwanyana, Izifo zezintso, Uthintelo