Ingaba le ntsholongwane ibangela iingxaki emiphungeni yakho? Masifunde ngqo nge (MAC Lung Disease)!

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva udiniwe ngaphandle kwesizathu, okanye ukhwehlela ixesha elide? Nangona singazinaki kangako izinto ezincinci kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla, kusenokuba kukho izizathu emva kwazo ekufuneka sizixhalabise kancinci. Kaloku, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesifo esibangelwa liqela elikhethekileyo leebhaktheriya ezinokuchaphazela imiphunga yethu. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yiMAC Lung Disease .

Yintoni isifo semiphunga se-MAC?

Ngamafutshane, isifo semiphunga se-MAC sisifo semiphunga esibangelwa liqela leebhaktheriya ezibizwa ngokuba yiMycobacterium avium complex (MAC) . Esi sifo sihlala singqonge thina, eluthulini, emhlabeni nasemanzini. Nangona ezi bhaktheriya zingena emzimbeni xa siphefumla okanye siginya into ethile, uninzi lwabantu aluguli. Nangona kunjalo, kwabanye abantu, ingakumbi abo sele benobuthathaka obuthile emiphungeni yabo okanye abo banenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ephantsi, xa esi sifo semiphunga se-MAC singena kwindlela yokuphefumla, isifo esibi sinokukhula. Esi sifo sibangela ubunzima bokuphefumla. Ukuba sifunyenwe emva kwexesha, kunokuba nzima ukunyanga. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba esi sifo semiphunga se-MAC asisiso isifo esinokudluliselwa ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye.

Ibonakala njani intsholongwane ye-MAC?

Iibhaktheriya ze-MAC zingamalungu osapho olukhulu lweebhaktheriya ezibizwa ngokuba yi -Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) . Kukho malunga neentlobo ezingama-200 ze-NTM. Iibhaktheriya ze-MAC zinoxanduva malunga ne-80% yosulelo lwe-NTM emiphungeni kumazwe afana ne-United States.

Cinga ngayo, olu sulelo lwe-NTM alufani neSifo soFuba (TB) esisaziyo sonke. Isifo soFuba sisifo esisasazeka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye kwaye sinokukhawuleza sibe sibi kakhulu. Iibhaktheriya ezisibangelayo nazo zahlukile, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-`(Mycobacterium tuberculosis)`.

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ze-mycobacteria kwiqela le-MAC, kodwa unyango kunye nolawulo lwesifo lufana kakhulu.

Ixhaphake kangakanani isifo semiphunga se-MAC?

Kukho abantu abangaphezu kwama-86,000 abanosulelo lwe-NTM eMelika kuphela. Isifo semiphunga se-MAC sesona sixhaphakileyo, simalunga nama-80% osulelo lwe-NTM. Inani lezigulane zemiphunga ze-NTM liye landa kancinci kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini edlulileyo , kwaye iingcali zithi le ndlela iza kuqhubeka.

Ziziphi iintlobo zosulelo lwe-MAC ezikhoyo?

Usulelo lwe-MAC lunokwahlulwa lube ziintlobo ezininzi eziphambili:

• Usulelo lwe-MAC olubangelwa yimiphunga: Olu luchaphazela ngqo imiphunga yethu kunye nenkqubo yokuphefumla.
• Usulelo lwe-MAC olusasazwayo: Olu lusulelo olusasazeka emzimbeni wonke ngegazi. Luhlala lubonakala kubantu abaneenkqubo zabo zokuzikhusela zomzimba ezibuthathaka kakhulu ziimeko ezifana ne-AIDS .
• I-lymphadenitis enxulumene ne-MAC:Oku kuchaphazela kakhulu abantwana abasempilweni. Amaqhuqhuva e-lymph kwiindawo ezifana nentamo ayadumba.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zesifo semiphunga se-MAC...

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zesifo semiphunga se-MAC esizibonayo:

1. I-Nodular Bronchiectasis: Kulapho usulelo luvela khona kwiindlela zomoya ezincinci kunye neengxowa zomoya emiphungeni, kwaye zibonakala njengeziqhushumbisi ezincinci kwi-X-ray yesifuba. Ezi ziqhushumbisi zinokukhula zibe nkulu kakhulu. Olu sulelo lwexesha elide lubangela imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-bronchiectasis . Oku kuthetha ukuba iindlela zomoya ziyanda ngokungenakuguquguquka, njengetyhubhu yerabha egugayo neyolulekileyo. Oku kwenza kube nzima ukunyanga usulelo kwaye kwandisa umngcipheko wosulelo olutsha. Olu hlobo luxhaphake kakhulu kubafazi abadala, ababhityileyo, abangatshayiyo. Ukuba alunyangwa, lunokukhokelela kwiimeko ezifana ne-bronchitis kunye ne-pneumonia.

2. Isifo se-Fibrocavitary: Olu lolona hlobo lubi kakhulu lwesifo semiphunga se-MAC. Kufuneka sinyangwe ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba usulelo lubangela imingxunya (iimbobo) kwizicubu zemiphunga, usulelo lunzulu kakhulu kwaye kunokuba nzima ukunyanga. Le meko ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abatshayayo okanye abantu abaneemeko ezifana ne-emphysema.

Isifo semiphunga se-MAC sikhula njani?

Sele sithethe ngendlela iintsholongwane ze-MAC ezifumaneka ngayo ngokwemvelo emhlabeni nasemanzini. Xa sigrumba umhlaba size sivuse uthuli, ezi ntsholongwane zinokukhutshwa emoyeni zingene emizimbeni yethu xa siphefumla. Abantu abasebenza emasimini kwaye bahlala bedibana nomhlaba banokuchaphazeleka ziintsholongwane ze-MAC ngaphezu kwabanye. Kwakhona, ezi ntsholongwane zikhona emanzini, kwaye zingafumaneka emanzini esiwasebenzisa ekhaya. I-chlorine, izibulali-ntsholongwane, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha nokufudumeza amanzi azibulali ezi ntsholongwane. Oku kunokuvakala kuyoyikisa kancinci, kodwa uninzi lwabantu alonzakaliswa yile ntsholongwane. Sonke sichaphazeleka ziintsholongwane ze-NTM phantse yonke imihla, kodwa uninzi lwabantu alufumani ntsholongwane.

Nangona kunjalo, kubantu abambalwa abaneempawu ezithile ezinobungozi, iintsholongwane zinokuhamba ziye emiphungeni kwaye zikhule kancinci, ngamanye amaxesha kangangeminyaka. Olu sulelo lwe-MAC lubangela ukudumba okuphantsi kunye notshintsho olungenakuguqulwa kwindlela yomoya, de kube sifunyenwe isifo kwaye sinyangwe.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokufumana isifo semiphunga se-MAC?

Isifo semiphunga se-MAC sinokukhula nakubani na ubudala nakwesiphi na isini, kodwa abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 kunye nabasetyhini abaye badlula kwixesha lokuya exesheni basengozini enkulu.

Ukongeza, unokuba sengozini enkulu yokuba nesifo semiphunga se-MAC ukuba:

• Ukuba ungumtshayi.
• Ukuba inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela ibuthathaka.
• Ukuba unesifo semiphunga esinje:
• (I-Bronchiectasis)(kunye neemeko ezikhokelela kwi-bronchiectasis)
• (Isifo esingapheliyo sokuvaleka kwemiphunga - i-COPD )
• (Icystic fibrosis)
• (I-Emphysema)
• Ukuba ukhe waba nesifo sephepha (TB) ngaphambili.

Zithini iimpawu zesifo semiphunga se-MAC?

Iimpawu zesifo semiphunga se-MAC ziyahluka, kwaye ngenxa yokuba azicaci, ukuxilongwa kunokulibaziseka. Abanye abantu banokuba neempawu ezincinci kakhulu okanye ezingabonakaliyo. Ngamanye amaxesha iimpawu zisenokungahambelani nenkqubo yokuphefumla. Ukuba iimpawu ziyenzeka, unokufumana oku kulandelayo:

• Ukukhohlela okungapheliyo (nokuba kukho okanye akukho khohlela). Khawuthelekelele umntu ofana noNilanthi, obekhohlela iinyanga ezininzi, kwaye ikhohlela liphuma kancinci kancinci, kodwa yena ucinga ukuba ngumkhuhlane nje oqhelekileyo.
• Ukukhohlela igazi (iHemoptysis) .
• Ukudinwa .
• Umkhuhlane ophantsi (ngesiqhelo phakathi kwama-37.5 nama-37.9 degrees Celsius - 99.6 F ukuya kwi-100.3 F).
• Ukubila ebusuku.
• Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo .
• Ukwehla kobunzima obungachazekiyo kunye nokuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya.
• Iintlungu zesifuba.
• Ixhala.

Isifo semiphunga se-MAC sifunyanwa njani ?

Ugqirha wakho uza kuqala akuhlole aze akubuze ngeempawu zakho.

Uvavanyo olusetyenziselwa ukuxilonga isifo semiphunga se-MAC luquka:

• Ii-X-reyi zesifuba ingakumbi ii-CT scans. Ezi zinokubona utshintsho kwimiphunga olubangelwa lusulelo.
• Ukukhula kwe-sputum. Oku kuquka ukuthatha isampuli ye-phlegm emiphungeni yakho uze uyivavanye ukuze ubone ukuba iyayikhulisa na i-MAC bacteria. Ekubeni sonke sichanabeka kwi-MAC bacteria yonke imihla, olu vavanyo lunokwenziwa amaxesha amaninzi kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-bacteria ivela kwimiphunga yakho.
• I-Bronchoscopy. Oku kufana ne-colonoscopy, kodwa kwenziwa emiphungeni (kusetyenziswa isixhobo esahlukileyo, esincinci). Kwenziwa xa ukuxilongwa kungenakwenziwa ngovavanyo lwe-sputum.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwesifo semiphunga se-MAC?

Ngenxa yokuba isifo semiphunga se-MAC sinzima ukunyanga, kuya kufuneka ubone ingcali yezifo ezosulelayo okanye ingcali yemiphunga. Bobabini aba gqirha banolwazi olukhethekileyo ekuxilongeni nasekunyangeni izifo.

Unyango lwesifo semiphunga se-MAC luyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kubukhali beempawu. Zingabandakanya:

• Ukulinda ngononophelo:Abo baneempawu ezincinci kwaye kungekho tshintsho lubalulekileyo kwimiphunga yabo xa bevavanywa basenokungadingi unyango ngee-antibiotics ekuqaleni. Nangona kunjalo, kuya kufuneka babonane nogqirha wabo rhoqo kwaye benze uvavanyo lokuphefumla kunye ne-sputum.
• Ukucoca umoya: Eli liqela lonyango olunceda imiphunga ukuba isuse i-mucus (kunye neebhaktheriya ezikuyo) kwimiphunga enesifo. Ihlala isetyenziselwa i-bronchiectasis. Ibandakanya iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuphefumla ezinikezelwa nge- nebulizer , kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezithile ezinceda ekususeni i-mucus kwiindawo ezisezantsi zemiphunga.
• Amayeza: Ukuba ukucoca iindlela zakho zomoya akwanelanga, ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane . Isigqibo sokuqala unyango siya kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezininzi kunye nengxoxo nogqirha wakho. Ngamanye amaxesha iintsholongwane zinokuba nokumelana namayeza okubulala iintsholongwane , oko kuthetha ukuba azinakubulawa ngamayeza. Ukuze unciphise lo mngcipheko kwaye ubulale ngokupheleleyo iintsholongwane, kunokufuneka uthathe iintlobo ezintathu ezahlukeneyo zamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kwixesha leenyanga ezili-12 ukuya kwezili-18. Kubantu abangaphenduliyo kwezinye iintsholongwane zokubulala iintsholongwane kwiinyanga ezintandathu, i-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) isandula ukuvuma amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane aphefumlwayo.
• Utyando: Amaxesha amaninzi, ukuba ii-antibiotics azincedi, kunokufuneka utyando ukuze kususwe inxalenye enesifo yomphunga. Emva kotyando, kuya kufuneka uthathe ii-antibiotics ixesha elifutshane ukuze ubulale naziphi na iintsholongwane eziseleyo.

Siphila njani nesifo semiphunga se-MAC? (Ulawulo)

Ezi zinto zinokunceda ekunciphiseni iimpawu zesifo semiphunga se-MAC:

• Fumana iindlela zokususa i-mucus kwimigudu yakho yomoya. Oku kuquka ukufumana ubuncinci imizuzu eli-150 yokuzilolonga ngamandla aphakathi ngeveki (ingakumbi ukuba uyafaneleka ukufumana unyango lwe-pulmonary ), ukufunda ngeendlela zesifuba kunye nokuphefumla kwingcali yokuphefumla, ukukhwehlela okulawulwayo, ukuhambisa amanzi emzimbeni (iindlela ezinceda ukususa i-mucus emiphungeni), kunye nokubetha kwesifuba ukuze kukhululeke i-mucus.
• Fumana uncedo lokuyeka ukutshaya , kwaye uphephe ukutshaya umsi osetyenziswa ngabanye abantu kunye nezinye izinto eziyingozi kwimiphunga yakho.
• Gonyelwa. Zikhusele kwizifo ezongezelelweyo zokuphefumla ezifana nomkhuhlane, i-pneumonia, kunye ne-COVID-19.
• Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni ngokutya okunesondlo. Amaziko amaninzi aneengcali zokutya ezinokunceda ngeengxaki zesondlo ezibangelwa zizifo ezinganyangekiyo ezifana ne-MAC.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho zesifo semiphunga se-MAC?

Ukusebenzisa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ixesha elideUmngcipheko wokunganyangeki kwee-antibiotics unokwanda. Kwakhona, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zamayeza, ezifana nokucaphuka, urhudo, kunye nentlungu yesisu, zinokubakho. Ekubeni i-antibiotic nganye ineziphumo zayo ezithile, kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngazo.

Abantu abadala basengozini yokufumana usulelo lwebhaktiriya olubizwa ngokuba yiClostridium difficile (C. diff) xa bethatha amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ixesha elide. Oku kwenzeka kuba amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane abulala iintsholongwane ezilungileyo emathunjini ezinceda ekugayweni kokutya. Usulelo lweC. diff luchaphazela inkqubo yokugaya ukutya kwaye lubangela urhudo oluqatha nolungapheliyo. Oku kunokuba yingozi ebomini.

Isifo semiphunga esibi kakhulu se-MAC sinokukuthintela ekwenzeni izinto obukade uzithanda. Ngenxa yoko, usenokuba noxinzelelo okanye uxhalabile.

Ndingayinciphisa njani ingozi yokuba nesifo semiphunga se-MAC?

La manyathelo anokunciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokufumana iibhaktheriya ze-MAC:

• Ukuba ugqirha wakho ucinga ukuba umthombo webhaktheriya yakho ye-MAC isenokuba ziibhafu ezishushu okanye ii-sauna, ziphephe iindawo ezishushu, ezishushu, neziphindaphindayo zokujikeleza kwamanzi.
• Vula iinkqubo zokungenisa umoya kwigumbi lokuhlambela nasekhitshini ukuze ususe umphunga.
• Beka isifudumezi samanzi ashushu sendlu yakho ubuncinane kwi-54.4 degrees Celsius (130 Fahrenheit).
• Nxiba imaski yothuli xa usebenza egadini okanye ulima igadi.
• Ngaphambi kokuba usebenze ngomhlaba wokutyala, fafaza ngamanzi ukuze unciphise uthuli.
• Landela inkqubo yokucoca umoya ngamandla.

Ngaba isifo semiphunga se-MAC sinokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo?

Ukuba uvavanyo lwesikhohlela alubonisi ntsholongwane kangangeenyanga ezili-12, oogqirha bacinga ukuba isifo semiphunga se-MAC sinyangiwe. Nangona kunjalo, usulelo lunokuphinda lubuye. Oku kusenokubangelwa kukuvezwa ngokutsha kwibhaktheriya okanye kwiibhaktheriya ezisele emiphungeni, ingakumbi ukuba usenemeko eyabangela i-MAC kwasekuqaleni (njengobuthathaka bemiphunga).

Ugqirha wakho uza kukujonga ukuba usulelo luphinde lubuye na. Umonakalo owenzeka kwimiphunga yakho ngenxa yesifo semiphunga se-MAC awunakuguqulwa. Usenokuba nengxaki yokuphefumla emva konyango. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuba neenjongo ezicacileyo kunye nolindelo ngaphambi kokuba uqale unyango.

Izinto onokuzibuza ugqirha wakho...

Usenokubuza ugqirha wakho ngezinto ezifana nezi:

• Ndifumene njani isifo semiphunga se-MAC?
• Loluphi uhlobo lwesifo semiphunga se-MAC endinaso?
• Ngaba ndifuna unyango?
• Ziziphi iindlela zonyango endinazo?
• Ingaba utyando lufanelekile kum? Zithini iingozi zotyando?
• Ngaba kukho izinto endinokuzenza ekhaya ukuze ndikwazi ukuphefumla lula?
• Ndingakuphepha njani ukosuleleka yi-MAC kwimiphunga kwixesha elizayo?

Ingaba oku kusulela umntu komnye umntu?

Nangona ungenakuyifumana i-MAC komnye umntu, ngamanye amaxesha le meko ichaphazela amalungu amaninzi osapho olunye. Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba abanye abantu banotshintsho lwemfuza olubenza babe sesichengeni sosulelo lwe-MAC.

Ngaba isifo semiphunga se-MAC singabulala?

Kwabanye abantu, isifo semiphunga se-MAC sinokukhokelela ekungakwazini ukuphefumla kwanokufa. Kodwa oku kudla ngokuqhubeka ixesha elide. Malunga nomntu omnye kwaba-4 abane-immune system ebuthathaka kunye nesifo semiphunga se-MAC sohlobo lwe-cavitary lung disease bafa kwiminyaka emihlanu emva kokufunyaniswa kwesi sifo.

Ukuxilongwa kwangoko kunye nonyango kunokunciphisa kakhulu iingozi zexesha elide.

Uninzi lwabantu aluguliswa ziintsholongwane ze-MAC. Kwabo bagulayo, isifo semiphunga se-MAC sinokubangela iingxaki zokuphefumla ezinzulu, ngamanye amaxesha ezisongela ubomi. Ukuba ukhohlela igazi, okanye ukuba ukhohlela rhoqo kwaye uzive udiniwe kakhulu, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka ubone ugqirha. Abantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka kunye nabo banezinye izifo zemiphunga basengozini enkulu yesifo semiphunga se-MAC. Isifo semiphunga se-MAC sinokunyangwa ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, kodwa unokufuna ukuthatha amayeza ixesha elingaphezu konyaka.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule...

Isifo semiphunga se-MAC sisifo esifanele sikhathazeke kancinci ngaso. Nangona kunjalo, akukho nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka siyixhalabele. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukubona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza ukuba uneempawu, ufumane ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo, kwaye ufumane unyango olufanelekileyo. Ukuba kunjalo, singaphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo nesi sifo. Ukuba unemibuzo engaphezulu malunga noku, ungathandabuzi ukubuza ugqirha wakho. Hlala uphilile!

Isifo semiphunga se - MAC, iMycobacterium avium complex, usulelo lwe-NTM, usulelo lwemiphunga, ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo, izifo zokuphefumla, usulelo lwebhaktiriya