Ngaba wakha waba ne-allergy yeziyobisi? (Ukwaliwa ziziyobisi) Makhe sithethe ngale nto!

Xa sigula okanye sinengxaki, sonke sithatha amayeza ukuze siphile ngokukhawuleza. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, kanye amayeza esiwasebenzisayo ukuze sizive singcono anokubangela iingxaki ezintsha emizimbeni yethu. Ngaba wakha wahlangabezana nento efana nokurhawuzelelwa, ukuba bomvu, kunye nokudumba emzimbeni wonke emva kokuthatha amayeza okanye ukuthatha inaliti? Ukuba oko kuyenzeka, usenokuba ne -allergy yeziyobisi . Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha ezithe vetshe. Akukho nto ifanele ixhalabise ngayo, ukuba sizazi kakuhle ezi zinto, sinokuziphepha iingxaki ezinkulu.

Yintoni le nto ibangela ukuba umntu angabi naso esi sidakamizwa?

Ngamafutshane, i-allergy yeziyobisi iyenzeka xa inkqubo yomzimba wakho yokuzikhusela isabela ngokugqithisileyo kwinto ethile kwiyeza olithathayo. Cinga ngayo njengeqela labagcini ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu, inkqubo yokuzikhusela. Umsebenzi wabo kukusikhusela ngokulwa nezinto ezinobungozi ezifana neentsholongwane, iibhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane ezingena emizimbeni yethu.

Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, aba balindi benza impazamo encinci. Baphosisa into ethile kwiyeza elifanele ukusinceda libe yinto eyingozi emzimbeni. Emva koko, xa elo yeza lingena emzimbeni, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela iqala ukulwa naloo "mhlaseli unobungozi." Isiphumo salo mlo ziimpawu ezikhankanyiweyo ngaphambili, ezinje ngokurhawuzelelwa nokutsha.

Xa usela elo yeza okokuqala, usenokungaziva nto. Kodwa ngaphakathi entliziyweni, inkqubo yakho yomzimba ikhumbula elo yeza "njengotshaba." Ngexesha elizayo xa usela elo yeza, icinga, "Owu... olu lutshaba lwangaphambili," ize ikhuphe amajoni akhethekileyo abizwa ngokuba zii-antibodies ukulwa nalo. Oku kwenzeka ngokwenene kwi-allergy yamayeza.

Kubaluleke kakhulu: Ezinye izinto ezibangela ukuba umntu angakwazi ukuzinyamezela iziyobisi zingabeka ubomi bakhe esichengeni . Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo ubonakalisa iimpawu eziqatha emva kokusebenzisa amayeza, njengolwimi okanye umqala odumbileyo, ubunzima bokuphefumla, ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza, isiyezi, okanye ukulahlekelwa zingqondo, kufuneka uthathe inyathelo ngokukhawuleza!

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* Fowunela u-1990 ngoko nangoko okanye inombolo yakho yongxamiseko yasekuhlaleni.

* Yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka lesibhedlele esikufutshane ngokukhawuleza.

Zeziphi iintlobo zamayeza ezinokubangela ukuba umntu angabi namdla kwizinto ezibangela ukuba adle amayeza?

Nangona naliphi na iyeza linokubangela i-allergic reaction, kukho amayeza ambalwa anokubangela i-allergic reaction. La ngawa:

• Iiantibiotics: Ingakumbi uhlobo olubizwa ngokuba yi-'Penicillin'. Abantu abaninzi kuthiwa bane-allergy kule nto.
• Amayeza e-sulfa: Olu luhlobo lwe-antibiotic. Lune-'Sulfonamides'.
• Amayeza angengowe-steroidal alwa nokuvuvukala (ii-NSAID):La ngamayeza esiwasebenzisa rhoqo xa sisela iintlungu, umkhuhlane, kunye neentlungu zomzimba. Imizekelo ibandakanya i-'Ibuprofen' (umz. i-Advil®), i-'Aspirin' (umz. i-Bayer®), kunye ne-'Naproxen' (umz. i-Aleve®).
• I-Acetaminophen (Tylenol®): Iyeza lohlobo lwe-paracetamol esilisebenzisa rhoqo.
• Ii-Opiates: Ezi ziipilisi zokuthomalalisa iintlungu ezinamandla. Imizekelo ibandakanya i-'Morphine', i-'Codeine'.
• Amayeza e-chemotherapy: Amayeza anikwa izigulana ezinomhlaza.
• Amayeza okuthintela ukuxhuzula.
• Izinto ezisetyenziswa xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izinto (idayi) ezisetyenziselwa ukufumana imifanekiso ecacileyo kwezinye iimvavanyo ze-X-ray kunye ne-CT scan.

Ngawaphi amayeza abangela uninzi lwe-allergies?

Kuthiwa iPenicillin yeyona iyeza lixhaphakileyo elibangela i-allergies. Malunga ne-10% yabantu bathi bane-allergies kwi-penicillin. Nangona kunjalo, izifundo ezintsha zibonisa ukuba ezinye i-allergies ze-penicillin zinokuphela ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Zixhaphake kangakanani ii-allergies zamachiza?

Nasiphi na isiphumo esingalindelekanga okanye esingathandekiyo kwiyeza sibizwa ngokuba yi-additional drug reaction . Ngaphantsi kwe-10% yezi ziphumo ezibi kwiyeza ziyi-allergies kwiziyobisi. Ngaphezulu kwe-90% ziziphumo ebezingalindelekanga . Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ziimpendulo ezilindelekileyo ezingahambelaniyo nenkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela kodwa zibangelwa yinto ethile kwiyeza. Umzekelo, amanye amayeza akwenza uzive ulele okanye uneentlungu zesisu.

Zithini iimpawu zokunganyamezelani neziyobisi?

Iimpawu ze-allergy zihlala ziqala kwimizuzu embalwa emva kokusela amayeza. Ezi mpawu kunye nobunzima bazo zinokwahluka kumntu nomntu.

Iimpawu ze-allergy ezincinci:

• Umzimba orhawuzelelayo.
• Amehlo anamanzi (i-epiphora).
• Ukurhawuzelelwa lusu okanye ukurhawuzelelwa lusu. Kunokuba bomvu, njenge-eczema, kwaye kunokubonakala ngathi ngamadyungudyungu amancinci.
• IiHives: La ngamaqhuqhuva abomvu, arhawuzelelayo abonakala ngequbuliso eluswini.
• Impumlo enemifinya .
• Ukudumba (i-Angioedema): Iindawo ezijikeleze amehlo, imilebe, nolwimi zinokudumba.

Iimpawu ze-allergy enzima (i-Anaphylaxis):

Le yeyona meko iyingozi kakhulu. I-Anaphylaxis yimeko enzima yokunganyamezelani enokuba yingozi ebomini ukuba ayinyangwa ngokukhawuleza. Iimpawu ziquka:

• Ubunzima bokuginya (i-Dysphagia).
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla. Usenokuziva ngathi umqala wakho uxinekile kwaye usenokuziva ngathi uyafuthaniseka.
• Ukuba nesiyezi okanye ukuziva ukhathazekile.
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi.
• Ukunyuka kwesantya sentliziyo.
• Ukuziva uxhalabile okanye ungaphumli.
• Ukulahlekelwa yingqondo.

Iimpawu ezisemva kwexesha:

Kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga, iimpawu zokunganyamezelani komzimba zinokuvela emva kweentsuku ezininzi, okanye iiveki, emva kokuthatha iyeza. Ezi mpawu zisenokuqhubeka iintsuku ezininzi emva kokuyeka ukusebenzisa iyeza. Iimpawu ezibambezelekayo ziquka:

• Ifiva.
• Ukuqhambuka kwesikhumba.
• Intlungu yamalungu okanye ukudumba kwamalungu.
• Inani eliphantsi leeseli ezibomvu zegazi (i-anemia) okanye inani eliphantsi leeplatelet (i-thrombocytopenia).
• Ukungaqhelekanga kwinani leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi egazini (`Leukocytosis` okanye `Leukopenia`) okanye ukwanda kwenani lee-eosinophils (`Eosinophilia`).
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso (i-Nephritis) okanye ukusebenza kwesibindi (i-Hepatitis).
• Ii-lymph nodes ezivuvukileyo.

Kutheni le nto eli yeza libangela i-allergies?

Ukuba une-allergy kwiziyobisi, xa uqala ukuthatha eli yeza (oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-sensitization), inkqubo yakho yomzimba yenza uhlobo oluthile lwe-antibody ebizwa ngokuba yi-Immunoglobulin E (IgE). Umsebenzi wezi antibodies ze-IgE kukubona izinto eziyingozi ezingena emzimbeni kwaye zincede ekuzisuseni. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-IgE emizimbeni yethu, nganye kuzo ijolise kwizinto ezithile ezibangela i-allergen.

Ezi antibodies ze-IgE ziyahamba kwaye zihlala eluswini lwethu, kwindlela yokuphefumla, nakwindlela yokugaya ukutya (i-GI tract) kwiiseli ezinekhemikhali ebizwa ngokuba yi-``histamine'' (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-``mast cells''). Ngexesha elizayo xa uthatha elo yeza lokunganyamezelani, ezo antibodies ze-IgE ziyahamba ziye kunamathela kwi-allergen ekwelo yeza. Emva koko ezo antibodies ze-mast ziyanikwa uphawu lokukhupha i-histamine kunye nezinye iikhemikhali. Le histamine yiyo ebangela iimpawu ze-allergy ezikhawulezileyo (ezifana nokurhawuzelelwa, ii-hives). Ezi zihlala zenzeka kwimizuzu embalwa.

Kwakhona, uhlobo lweseli emhlophe yegazi ebizwa ngokuba yi-`T-cells` emzimbeni wethu ngamanye amaxesha lunokubangela i-allergy. Ezi T-cells ziyayibona le chiza njenge "yangaphandle" kwaye zinamathele kuyo. Le mpendulo yenzeka kancinci, kwaye ikakhulu ichaphazela ulusu (ezifana namaqhuqhuva, ukurhawuzelela okurhawuzelelayo).

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba iimpawu zokunganyamezelani neziyobisi zibonakale?

Iyahluka kumntu nomntu. Abanye abantu banokuba ne-allergy xa bethatha iyeza okokuqala. Kwabanye, iimpawu ze-allergy zinokuvela okwesibini, okanye emva kokusetyenziswa izihlandlo ezininzi.

Ngaba ukungeva iziyobisi kuyasulela?

Hayi, ukungezwani neziyobisi akusuleli. Awunakudlulisela omnye umntu ukungezwani neziyobisi.

Ngubani onokuba ne-aleji kweli yeza?

Nabani na unokuba ne-allergies kwiziyobisi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba abazali bakho baye baba ne-allergies kwiziyobisi, kusenokwenzeka ukuba nawe ube nazo okanye uzifumane kwixesha elizayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba kunokubakho unxibelelwano lwemfuza.

Ungazi njani ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba une-allergy yamayeza?

Ingcali ye-allergies, ugqirha ogxile kwi-allergies, unokuxilonga ngokuchanekileyo i-allergy yamayeza. Uza kwenza uvavanyo olwahlukeneyo ukuze afumanise ukuba ngokwenene unayo i-allergy yamayeza, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, loluphi unyango olungcono.

Ngaphambi kokuba akuhlole, ugqirha uza kukubuza ngembali yakho yezonyango kwaye angakubuza nemibuzo efana nale:

• Uqale nini ukuva ezi mpawu?
• Zithini iimpawu zakho?
• Zinexesha elingakanani ezo mpawu zikhona?
• Ngaba ukhe wathatha amayeza okunciphisa iimpawu zakho?
• Ngaba kuye kwafuneka uye kugqirha okanye esibhedlele ngenxa yezi mpawu?
• Ngaba uthatha iivithamini okanye izongezo zemifuno?
• Ngaba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho one-allergies yeziyobisi?
• Ngawaphi amayeza owasebenzisayo ngoku (kuquka lawo ungawafumana kwikhemesti ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha)?
• Ngawaphi amayeza owasebenzisileyo kwiiveki ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo?
• Ngaba wakha wasabela ngendlela efanayo kwamanye amayeza ngaphambili?

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezisetyenziswayo ukuxilonga i-allergies?

Ngokuxhomekeke kumayeza ocinga ukuba abangela i-allergy yakho, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo lolusu . Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi ekuxilongeni i-allergy kumayeza ohlobo lwe-penicillin.

Uvavanyo lwesikhumba lubandakanya ugqirha wakho efaka inani elincinci kakhulu lamayeza ocinga ukuba unokuba ne-allergy kuwo eluswini lwakho. Ngokwesiqhelo, bacoca indawo encinci yolusu lwakho, njengomva wesandla sakho okanye ingalo engentla, baze basebenzise inaliti encinci kakhulu (i-lancet) ukuhlaba amayeza eluswini lwakho.

Iziphumo zihlala zibonakala kwimizuzu eli-15. Ukuba une-allergy, indawo apho iyeza lisetyenziswe khona inokuba bomvu kwaye kuvele iqhuma eliphakanyisiweyo (i-wheal), elifana nokulunywa yingcongconi. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, kuthetha ukuba usenokuba ne-allergy kwiyeza.

Kwezinye iimeko ezimbalwa, oogqirha banokuyalela uvavanyo lwegazi . Uvavanyo lwegazi lunokuba luncedo, ingakumbi ukuba impendulo ye-allergy inzima, ilibazisekile, okanye ukuba ugqirha ukrokrela ukuba iinkqubo ezininzi zomzimba ziye zachaphazeleka.

Unyanga njani umntu onesifo sokunganyamezelani namayeza?

Ugqirha wakho angacebisa unyango olufana nolu:

• Yeka ukuthatha iyeza elibangele i-allergy ngoko nangoko: Xa iyeza liphumile emzimbeni wakho, iimpawu zakho kufuneka ziphele kancinci kancinci. Ukuba ubusebenzisa iyeza ukunyanga enye imeko, ugqirha wakho uza kukunika elinye iyeza ongenakulisebenzisa.
• Amayeza okulwa ne-histamine:La mayeza asebenza ngokuthintela imiphumo ye-histamines eveliswa emzimbeni wakho, nto leyo enciphisa iimpawu ezifana nokurhawuzelelwa kunye namaqhuqhuva.
• IiCorticosteroids: La ngamayeza okulwa nokuvuvukala anceda ekunciphiseni ukudumba kunye nokubomvu okubangelwa zi-allergies.
• Iibronchodilators: La mayeza athomalalisa iimpawu ezinxulumene nemiphunga yakho (ezifana nobunzima bokuphefumla).
• I-Epinephrine auto-injector (EpiPen®): Ukuba une-allergy enzima yamayeza (njenge-anaphylaxis), ugqirha wakho unokukunika esi sixhobo. Iyeza le-epinephrine likhawuleza litshintshe iimpawu ze-anaphylaxis. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela indlela yokuyisebenzisa kunye nexesha lokuyisebenzisa.
• Ukuyeka ukuvakalelwa yi-allergy: Kolu nyango, ugqirha ukunika ubungakanani obuncinci kakhulu be-allergen. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, amasosha omzimba wakho ayaqhelana ne-allergen aze ayeke ukuyisabela. Ugqirha uyandisa kancinci kancinci idosi kangangeeyure, ngamanye amaxesha iintsuku, de umzimba wakho ukwazi ukumelana ne-allergen ngaphandle kwemiphumo ye-allergy.

Ihlala ixesha elingakanani i-allergy yeziyobisi?

Uninzi lwabantu luyaphola kwiiyure ezimbalwa emva kokuyeka amayeza abangele i-allergy. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga, kungathatha iiveki, okanye iinyanga, ukuba iimpawu ziphele ngokupheleleyo.

Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba une-allergy yamayeza?

I-allergy yamayeza ayinakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ungazilawula iimpawu zakho ngokuphepha amayeza owaziyo ukuba une-allergy kuwo nangokuthatha amayeza anciphisa impendulo yamajoni akho omzimba.

Ngaba ukungakwazi ukubekezelela iziyobisi kunokuthintelwa?

Ukuba une-allergy yamayeza, ekuphela kwendlela yokuthintela i-allergy kukuphepha iyeza onalo kunye namayeza afanayo.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina irekhodi le-allergies yakho yamayeza kwiirekhodi zakho zonyango ukuze oogqirha bakwazi ukuzazi ngaphambi kokuba bakunike amayeza kwixesha elizayo, ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa umngcipheko we-allergies.

Ndingazinyamekela njani?

Ukuba une-allergy yeziyobisi, qiniseka ukuba wazise ugqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba ufumane naluphi na unyango (nokuba luya kugqirha wamazinyo okanye lutyando).

Kukwangumbono olungileyo ukugcina ulwazi malunga ne-allergies yakho yamayeza nawe ukuze abanye bazi ukuba awukwazi ukunxibelelana xa kukho imeko engxamisekileyo. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwenza oku:

• Gcina irekhodi yempilo yakho kwi-app yezempilo kwifowuni yakho. Qinisekisa ukuba ungalufikelela olu lwazi kwisikrini sakho sokutshixa xa kukho imeko engxamisekileyo.
• Nxiba ubucwebe obukhethekileyo (isacholo sesilumkiso sezonyango okanye umgexo).
• Ikhadi elinoqweqwe oluthambileyo onokuligcina ebhegini okanye esipajini sakho.
• Ukufumana itattoo. (Nangona oku kungabonakala ngathi yingcamango egqithisileyo, abanye abantu basebenzisa le ndlela.)

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba ufumanisa naziphi na iimpawu zokunganyamezelani emva kokuthatha amayeza, qiniseka ukuba uthethe nogqirha.

Ndingaya nini kwiSebe leeNgxamiseko (i-ETU) ?

Ukuba uneempawu ze-allergy enzima , yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka ngoko nangoko okanye utsalele umnxeba ku-911. Ezi mpawu ziqatha ziquka:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumla.
• Ubunzima bokuginya.
• Ukuziva ngequbuliso uphelelwa ngamandla okanye isiyezi.
• Isantya sentliziyo sikhawuleza kakhulu.
• Ukulahlekelwa yingqondo.

Khumbula, ukuba iimpawu ezinzima ezifana nezi azinyangwa ngokukhawuleza, zinokuba yingozi nakubomi .

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha?

Xa usiya kugqirha, kungcono ukubuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Ugqirha undixelela njani kanye kanye ukuba ndine-allergy yamayeza?
• Ngawaphi amayeza athile abangela ezi mpawu zokunganyamezelani?
• Ndisebenzisa eli yeza ngenxa yesinye isifo. Ngaba ikho enye indlela ekhuselekileyo endinokuyithatha endaweni yoko?
• Ngaba ndifuna unyango loku?
• Luhlobo luni lonyango olucetyiswa ngugqirha kum?

Kwabaninzi abantu, amayeza yinto enceda ukulawula iimpawu nokunyanga izifo. Kodwa kwabanye abantu, abanakukwazi ukuthatha amayeza athile kuba amajoni abo omzimba acinga ukuba ayingozi. Indlela osabela ngayo kwi-allergy yamayeza isenokungafani neyomnye umntu. Unokufumana iimpawu ezibuthathaka ezifana nokurhawuzelelwa, ukurhawuzelelwa lusu, okanye amehlo anamanzi. Kodwa kwiimeko ezinzima, oku kunokuchaphazela ukuphefumla, ukubetha kwentliziyo, kwaye kube yingozi ebomini.

Ngoko ke, ukuba ufumana naziphi na iimpawu ze-allergy emva kokusela amayeza, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza. Angenza uvavanyo ukuze afumanise ukuba ngokwenene une-allergy kumayeza. Angacebisa nonyango olufunekayo kunye nezinye iindlela zonyango ezingabangela ukuba kubekho i-allergy.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

• I-allergy yeziyobisi iyenzeka xa amajoni omzimba wakho engasabelanga ngendlela echanekileyo kumayeza athile.
• Le meko ingaqala kwiimpawu ezincinci ezifana nokurhawuzelelwa kunye nokurhawuzeleka ukuya kwiimpawu eziqatha nezisongela ubomi ezifana nobunzima bokuphefumla kunye nokulahlekelwa zingqondo.
• Ii-antibiotics ezifana ne-penicillin kunye ne-painkillers (NSAIDs) zihlala zibangela i-allergies.
• Ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu emva kokuthatha iyeza ocinga ukuba une-allergy kulo, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko.
• Ukuba kuvela iimpawu eziqatha (ubunzima bokuphefumla, ukudumba komphimbo/ulwimi, isiyezi), yiya esibhedlele ngoko nangoko okanye utsalele umnxeba ku-1990.
• Soloko wazisa oogqirha bakho (kuquka oogqirha bamazinyo) malunga namayeza onawo abangela ukuba ungabi namdla.
• Gcina ulwazi malunga ne-allergies yakho kufutshane xa kukho imeko engxamisekileyo (umz., isongo sesilumkiso sezonyango, ikhadi).

Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luluncedo kuwe. Hlala usempilweni!

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