Sonke siziva sidakumbile kwaye sidanile ngamanye amaxesha. Kuqhelekile. Kodwa ngaba wakha waziva ungenanto ngaphakathi, ngaphandle kwesizathu esithile, uzive ungenanto ingasakuziseli uvuyo, nokuba zizinto owawuzinandipha, uzive ngathi ihlabathi liphela limnyama kwaye limhlophe? Oku akusiyonto nje ibuhlungu. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngemeko enjalo, ebizwa ngokuba yiMelancholic Depression, uhlobo olubi lweDepression. Oku akuyonto ibuthathaka engqondweni yakho, kodwa yimeko yezonyango enxulumene notshintsho emzimbeni, ingakumbi kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo ephakathi.
Yintoni kanye kanye le nto kuthiwa yiMelancholic Depression?
Ngamafutshane, iMelancholic Depression luhlobo olubi kakhulu nolunzulu lokudakumba. Abanye abantu bayibiza ngokuba yiMelancholia. Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba le meko ichaphazela kakhulu inkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo ephakathi. Phakathi kwama-25% nama-30% abantu abadakumba banolu hlobo lokudakumba.
Ukunyanga le meko kunokuba nzima kuba isenokungasabeli kakuhle kwezinye iindlela zonyango lokudakumba ngokubanzi, ezifana namayeza anjengee-SSRIs (Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) okanye unyango lokuthetha.
Kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba akukho nyango lwalo. Kukho iindlela ezimbini ezisebenzayo zokunyanga oku:
- Unyango lwe-Electroconvulsive (ECT): Oku kuquka ukuthumela imiqondiso yombane emincinci kakhulu, elawulwayo engqondweni ukuze kuthomalaliswe iimpawu.
- Ii-Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs): Ezi luhlobo lwamayeza aqala ukwaziswa ngenxa yokudakumba.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba, nangona iimpawu zale meko zinzima, ungazilawula ezi mpawu kwaye uphile kakuhle ngoncedo lweengcali zempilo yengqondo ezifanelekileyo, kuquka nogqirha wakho.
Zithini iimpawu zale meko?
Ukudakumba okubuhlungu akupheleli nje ekukhathazekeni okanye ekulileni, kodwa kukwakho neempawu zomzimba ezingaphezulu. Usenokuziva ungenamandla kwaye ungenanto ngaphakathi. Usenokungakwazi ukonwabela nezinto ezintle. Iingcinga zakho kunye neentshukumo zakho zinokucotha. Masizihlalutye ezi mpawu.
| Udidi lweempawu | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Iimpawu ezimbini eziphambili | 1. Ukulahlekelwa lulonwabo. 2. Ukungakwazi ukuphendula ngendlela eyakhayo kwinto elungileyo okanye eyanelisayo. |
| Ezinye iimpawu eziqhelekileyo |
|
| Utshintsho kwiintshukumo zomzimba (iimpawu zengqondo) | |
| Utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha |
|
| Intlungu yomzimba | Olunye uphando lubonise ukuba abantu abafikelela kwi-70% abanale meko banokuva iintlungu zemisipha nemisipha. |
Kutheni oku kusenzeka? Zithini izizathu?
Isizathu esiphambili soku sithathwa njengotshintsho lwebhayoloji kwingqondo yethu nakwinkqubo yehomoni. Khawuthelekelele, ingqondo yethu ineendawo ezikhethekileyo ezilawula inkumbulo, iingcinga, kunye neemvakalelo. Kukho inkqubo eqhagamshelwe kwezi zinto kwaye isebenza ebizwa ngokuba yi-'Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis'. Ngamafutshane, le yinkqubo ephambili emzimbeni wethu elawula izinto ezininzi, ezinje ngoxinzelelo kunye nomdla wokutya.
Kumntu oneMelancholic Depression, le HPA axis ayisebenzi kakuhle. Ke ngoko, xa sixinezelekile, i-hormone `(cortisol)` eveliswa ngumzimba wethu ikwinqanaba eliphezulu ngokungeyomfuneko. Oku kunyuka kwamanqanaba `(cortisol)` kunokuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukutya kwethu, imetabolism, kunye nenkumbulo. Ukongeza, utshintsho kwinkqubo yokubonisa (`(neurons)`) ethwala imiyalezo phakathi kweeseli zemithambo-luvo engqondweni nayo inokuba yimbangela.
Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa yile meko?
- Ubudala: Iimpawu zoxinzelelo lwe-Melancholic zihlala zibonakala kamva ebomini, oko kukuthi, njengoko ukhula.
- I-genetics: Le meko idla ngokuxhaphaka kwiintsapho. Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho okhe waba nolu hlobo lwesifo sengqondo ngaphambili, nawe usenokuba sengozini.
- Imozulu kunye namaxesha onyaka: Kwabanye abantu, ezi mpawu zinokuba mandundu ngexesha lokukhanya kwelanga okuphantsi, iiyure ezimfutshane zasemini, kunye nemozulu ebandayo.
- Utshintsho emva kokubeleka: Abanye oomama abanesifo sokudakumba emva kokubeleka basenokuba nazo ezi mpawu zokudakumba.
Ugqirha uyixilonga njani le nto?
Ugqirha wakho okanye umcebisi wezempilo yengqondo uza kuyixilonga le meko emva kokufunda ngononophelo iimpawu zakho. Ukuze uxilongwe, kufuneka ube nenye okanye zombini ezi mpawu zilandelayo:
Iimpawu eziphambili: Ukulahlekelwa yikhono lokonwabela ubomi okanye ukuphendula kwizinto ezonwabisayo.
Ukongeza, kufuneka ube neempawu ezintathu kwezi zilandelayo:
- Ukuziva uphelelwe lithemba okunzulu okungahambelaniyo nentlungu, njengokulahlekelwa ngumntu omthandayo.
- Ukulahlekelwa ngumdla wokutya okanye ukwehla kakhulu kobunzima bomzimba.
- Utshintsho kwiintshukumo zomzimba (ukucotha okanye ukungazinzi).
- Ndiziva ndixinezelekile kwaye ndilusizi kusasa kunamanye amaxesha emini.
- Ukuvuka ubuncinane iiyure ezimbini ngaphambi kwexesha elilindelweyo.
- Ukuziva unetyala kakhulu ngawe.
Zithini iindlela zonyango?
Ukudakumba okubangelwa kukudandatheka kunyangwa ngokudibanisa amayeza kunye nezinye iindlela zonyango.
| Indlela yonyango | Ngokulula nje ngayo |
|---|---|
| Amayeza (Amayeza okudakumba) | Oogqirha badla ngokunika udidi lwamayeza abizwa ngokuba yi -tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) . Amayeza afana ne-Amitriptyline, i-Imipramine, kunye ne-Nortriptyline akwiqela eli. Ukongeza, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa amanye amayeza ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho. |
| Unyango lwe-Electroconvulsive (ECT) | Xa ezinye iindlela zonyango zingasebenzi, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa i-ECT. Oku kuquka ukukufaka phantsi kwe-anesthesia eqhelekileyo kunye nokuthumela ii-electrical impulses ezincinci engqondweni yakho ukuze kubuyiselwe ibhalansi yeekhemikhali zengqondo kunye nokunciphisa iimpawu. Olu lunyango olukhuselekileyo nolusebenzayo. |
| Unyango lwengqondo | Le ndlela ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-'talk therapy', ibandakanya ukuthetha nogqirha wengqondo okanye ingcali yezengqondo malunga neemvakalelo zakho, iingcinga zakho kunye nokuziphatha kwakho. Nangona kunjalo, ngokungafaniyo nezinye iintlobo zoxinzelelo, olu nyango lodwa lusenokungasebenzi kakuhle kwi-melancholic depression. Ihlala isetyenziswa kunye namayeza. |
Ndingaphila njani nale meko?
Ugqirha wakho uza kudala isicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo kuwe. Nangona ulandela olo nyango ngqo, ungenza utshintsho oluncinci kwindlela ophila ngayo.
- Sela amayeza akho njengoko kuyalelwe: Sela amayeza akho njengoko kuyalelwe, ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kwaye uhlale uqhagamshelana nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba usebenzise amanye amayeza okanye izongezo.
- Ukuzilolonga: Yenza into enika umzimba wakho umthambo yonke imihla, njengokuhamba, ukudada, ukudanisa, okanye i-yoga.
- Yenza ukulala kube yeyona nto ibalulekileyo: Ziqhelise ukulala nokuvuka ngaxeshanye.
- Ukutya okunempilo: Yitya ukutya okunesondlo nokunokulinganisela.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya notywala: Oku kunokwenza ukudakumba kube mandundu.
- Chitha ixesha nabahlobo: Thetha kwaye uchithe ixesha nosapho kunye nabahlobo abakuthandayo nabakuqondayo.
Nceda umntu okhathalela umntu onje.
Ukuba unelungu losapho okanye umhlobo onale meko, inkxaso yakho ibaluleke kakhulu. Kodwa ukunyamekela umntu onjalo akulula. Ungaziva udiniwe, unesizungu, kwaye uxinezelekile. Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzinyamekela nawe.
- Cinga nangempilo yakho: lala kakuhle, yitya ukutya okunesondlo, kwaye uzilolonge.
- Cela uncedo: Musa ukuzama ukwenza yonke into wedwa. Cela uncedo kwamanye amalungu osapho nakubahlobo.
- Zinike ikhefu: Zibekele ixesha elincinci yonke imihla. Funda incwadi, mamela ingoma, yenza into oyithandayo.
- Funa ingcebiso kagqirha ukuba uziva uxinezelekile: Ukuba uxinzelelo lokunyamekela umntu alunyamezeleki, thetha nogqirha okanye umcebisi ngalo mba.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukudakumba okubangelwa kukudandatheka akubangelwa bubuthathaka bentliziyo okanye bubuvila, kodwa sisifo sokwenyani esibangelwa kukutshintsha kwengqondo kunye neehomoni.
- Uphawu oluphambili lwale nto kukuba nezinto ezazimnandi ngaphambili azisazisi uvuyo okanye ulonwabo.
- Kukho unyango olusebenzayo kakhulu (olufana ne-ECT kunye namayeza e-TCA) kwesi sifo.
- Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo uhlangabezana nezi mpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza kwaye ufumane ingcebiso, endaweni yokubandezeleka wedwa.
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